References

1. American Cancer Society. Cancer facts and figures 2007. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2007. Available at: http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CAFF2007PWSecured.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed June 25, 2007.

2. Miniño AM, Heron M, Smith BL, et al. Deaths: final data for 2004. Health E-Stats. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. Released November 24, 2006. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/finaldeaths04/finaldeaths04.htm. Accessed May 6, 2007.

3. National Cancer Institute. Cancer Query System: Cancer Prevalence Database. U.S. estimated complete prevalence counts on 1/1/2003. Available at: http://srab.cancer.gov/prevalence/canques.html. Accessed September 26, 2006.

4. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Fact book fiscal year 2005. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes; 2006. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/05factbk.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed May 7, 2007.

5. Maciosek MV, Coffield AB, Edwards NM, et al. Priorities among effective clinical preventive services: results of a systematic review and analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2006 Jul;31(1):52-61.

6. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy people 2010. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000. Available at: http://www.healthypeople.gov/. Accessed August 23, 2007.

7. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for breast cancer: recommendations and rationale. Rockville, MD: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2002. Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsbrca.htm. Accessed August 23, 2007.

8. National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. National diabetes statistics. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse; 2005. Available at: http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/statistics/index.htm. Accessed July 26, 2007.

9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet: general information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States, 2003. Rev. ed. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2004. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2003.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed July 26, 2007.

10. U.S. Renal Data System. USRDS 2006 annual data report: atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2006. Available at: http://www.usrds.org/atlas.htm. Accessed May 6, 2007.

11. Thom T, Haase N, Rosamond W, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2006 update. A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2006 Feb 14;113(6):e85-151. Epub 2006 Jan 11.

12. Ogden CL, Carrol MD, Curtin LR, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA. 2006 Apr 5;295(13):1549-55. Available at: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/295/13/1549. Accessed June 22, 2006.

13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overweight and obesity. [Web site]. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/. Accessed May 3, 2006.

14. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for obesity in adults: recommendations and rationale. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2003. Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/obesity/obesrr.htm. Accessed April 28, 2006.

15. Diaz VA, Mainous AG 3rd, Koopman RJ, et al. Undiagnosed obesity: implications for undiagnosed hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Fam Med. 2004 Oct;36(9):639-44.

16. Calfas KJ, Long BJ, Sallis JF, et al. A controlled trial of physician counseling to promote the adoption of physical activity. Prev Med. 1996 May-Jun; 25(3): 225-33.

17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cases of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2005. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 2005. Volume 17. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2006. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/. Accessed August 23, 2007.

18. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. HIV/AIDS policy fact sheet. U.S. Federal funding for HIV/AIDS: the FY 2007 budget request. February 2006. Available at: http://www.kff.org/hivaids/upload/7029-03.pdf. Accessed August 13, 2007.

19. Branson BM, Handsfield HH, Lampe MA, et al.; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006 Sep 22;55(RR-14):1-17; quiz CE1-4.

20. Anderson JE, Chandra A, Mosher W. HIV testing in the United States, 2002. Adv Data. 2005 Nov 8;(363):1-32.

21. Anderson JE, Mosher WD, Chandra A. Measuring HIV risk in the U.S. population aged 15-44: results from Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth. Adv Data. 2006 Oct 23;(377):1-27.

22. AIDS Education & Training Centers. OI prophylaxis. [From the Clinical Management of the HIV-infected Adult Manual, a product of the AIDS Education & Training Centers National Resource Center.] Updated July 2006. Available at: http://www.aidsetc.org/aidsetc?page=cm-207_oipx. Accessed March 18, 2008.

23. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2006. With chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics; 2006. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus06.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed August 18, 2007.

24. U.S. Census Bureau. Nation's population one-third minority [press release]. Table 3: selected age groups for the population by race and Hispanic origin for the United States: July 1, 2005. U.S. Census Bureau, Public Information Office. Available at: http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/006808.html. Accessed July 25, 2006.

25. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Ventura, SJ. Births: preliminary data for 2004. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2005 Dec 20;54(8):1-18. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr54/nvsr54_08.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed February 16, 2006.

26. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Total health services—mean and median expenses per person with expense and distribution of expenses by source of payment: United States, 2002. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey component data. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2005.

27. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Oral health in America: a report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; 2000. Available at http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/oralhealth/. Accessed December 19, 2007.

28. Krebs NF, Jacobson MS. Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity. Pediatrics. 2003 Aug; 112(2): 424-30.

29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Children and teens told by doctors that they were overweight—United States, 1999-2002. MMWR 2005 Sep 54(34);848-849. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5434a3.htm. Accessed April 28, 2006.

30. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic safety facts: alcohol-related fatalities and alcohol involvement among drivers and motorcycle operators in 2005. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Center for Statistics and Analysis; August 2006. Available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/810644.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed May 6, 2007.

31. Eaton DK, Kann L, Kinchen S, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2005. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2006 Jun 9;55(5):1-108. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/SS/SS5505.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed May 6, 2007.

32. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: detailed tables. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies (NSDUH Series H-30, DHHS Publication No. SMA 06-4194); 2006. Available at: http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh/2k5nsduh/2k5Results.htm#TOC. Accessed May 6, 2007.

33. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, et al. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;62(6):617-27. Erratum 12-month prevalence of DSM-IV disorders by sex and cohort table 2. Available at: http://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/ncs/ftpdir/table_ncsr_by_gender_and_age.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed October 30, 2007.

34. Mark T, Coffey RM, McKusick D, et al. National expenditures for mental health services and substance abuse treatment, 1991-2001. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Center for Mental Health Services; 2005. DHHS Pub. No. SMA 05-3999. Available at: http://www.samhsa.gov/spendingestimates/SEPGenRpt013105v2BLX.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed November 7, 2005.

35. Lave J. The cost offset effect. In: Fogel BS, Furino A, Gottlieb GL. Mental health policy for older Americans: protecting minds at risk. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990.

36. Luchansky B, Longhi D. Briefing paper: cost savings in Medicaid medical expenses: an outcome of publicly funded chemical dependency treatment in Washington State. Washington State Department of Social and Health Services; 1997. Briefing Paper No. 4.29. Available at: http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/pdf/ms/rda/research/4/30.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed November 7, 2005.

37. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Morbidity & mortality: 2004 chart book on cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 2004. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/docs/04_chtbk.pdf. Accessed November 7, 2005.

38. Pleis JR, Lethbridge-Çejku M. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National health interview survey, 2005. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 10(232). 2006. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_232.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed May 7, 2007.

39. Bloom B, Dey AN, Freeman G. Summary health statistics for U.S. children: National health interview survey, 2005. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat. 10(231). 2006. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_227.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed May 7, 2007.

40. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The common cold: overview. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; 2004. Available at: http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/healthscience/healthtopics/colds/overview.htm. Accessed November 7, 2005.

41. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Pneumococcal pneumonia: cause. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Office of Communications and Public Liaison; 2004. Available at: http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/healthscience/healthtopics/pneumonia/Cause.htm. Accessed July 13, 2006.

42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in Tuberculosis Incidence—United States, 2006. MMWR 2007;56(11);245-250. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5611a2.htm. Accessed August 23, 2007.

43. Fendrick AM, Monto AS, Nightengale B, et al. The economic burden of non-influenza-related viral respiratory tract infection in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Feb 24;163(4):487-94.

44. Nash DR, Harman J, Wald ER, et al. Antibiotic prescribing by primary care physicians for children with upper respiratory tract infections. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002 Nov; 156(11): 1114-9.

45. Perz JF, Craig AS, Coffey CS, et al. Changes in antibiotic prescribing for children after a community-wide campaign. JAMA. 2002 Jun 19;287:3101-9.

46. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Tuberculosis. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 2006. Available at: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/tb.htm. Accessed May 2, 2006.

47. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2006. With chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics; 2006. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus06.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed May 9, 2007.

48. National Center for Health Statistics. 2000 National home and hospice care survey, table 1: number, percent distribution, and rate per 10,000 population of home health care discharges by age, according to sex, race, and region: United States, 2000. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics; February 2004. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhhcsd/homecaredischarges00.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed November 1, 2007.

49. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2005. With chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics; 2005. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed November 1, 2007.

50. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. NHE tables: table 2: national health expenditures aggregate amounts and average annual percent change, by type of expenditure: selected calendar years 1960-2004. Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Available at: http://www.cms.hhs.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/tables.pdf [PDF Help]. Accessed June 29, 2006.

51. Hoover DR, Crystal S, Kumar R, et al. Medical expenditures during the last year of life: findings from the 1992-1996 Medicare current beneficiary survey. Health Serv Res. 2002 Dec;37(6):1625-42.

52. Institute of Medicine, Committee on Care at the End of Life. Approaching death: improving care at the end of life. (Field MJ, Cassell CK, eds.) Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997.

53. Connor SR, Teno J, Spence C, et al. Family evaluation of hospice care: results from voluntary submission of data via website. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2005 Jul; 30(1):9-17.

54. AGS Panel on Persistent Pain in Older Adults. The management of persistent pain in older persons. J Amb Geriatric Soc. 2002;50(6 Suppl):S205-24.

55. Teno J, Weitzen S, Wetle T, Mor V. Persistent pain in nursing home residents. JAMA. 2001 Apr 25;285(16): 2081.

56. Fries B, Simon S, Morris J, et al. Pain in U.S. nursing homes: validating a pain scale for the minimum data set. Gerontologist. 2001 Apr; 41(2): 173-9.

Return to Contents