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Control of Emissions of Air Pollution From Locomotive Engines and Marine Compression-Ignition Engines Less Than 30 Liters per Cylinder; Republication
PDF Version (6 pp, 157K, About PDF) [Federal Register: June 30, 2008 (Volume 73, Number 126)] [Rules and Regulations] [Page 37345-37350] From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] [DOCID:fr30jn08-19] [[pp. 37345-37350]] Control of Emissions of Air Pollution From Locomotive Engines and Marine Compression-Ignition Engines Less Than 30 Liters per Cylinder; Republication [[Continued from page 37344]] [[Page 37345]] specifications as each lab instrument it replaces. For field testing or for testing with PEMS in a laboratory or similar environment, under the provisions of Sec. 1065.905(b), the specifications in the following table apply instead of the specifications in Table 1 of Sec. 1065.205. * * * * * (c) Field-testing ambient effects on PEMS. We recommend that you use PEMS that are only minimally affected by ambient conditions such as temperature, pressure, humidity, physical orientation, mechanical shock and vibration, electromagnetic radiation, and ambient hydrocarbons. Follow the PEMS manufacturer's instructions for proper installation to isolate PEMS from ambient conditions that affect their performance. If a PEMS is inherently affected by ambient conditions that you cannot control, you may monitor those conditions and adjust the PEMS signals to compensate for the ambient effect. The standard-setting part may also specify the use of one or more field-testing adjustments or measurement allowances that you apply to results or standards to account for ambient effects on PEMS. (d) * * * (1) Recording ECM signals. If your ECM updates a broadcast signal more or less frequently than 1 Hz, process data as follows: (i) If your ECM updates a broadcast signal more frequently than 1 Hz, use PEMS to sample and record the signal's value more frequently. Calculate and record the 1 Hz mean of the more frequently updated data. (ii) If your ECM updates a broadcast signal less frequently than 1 Hz, use PEMS to sample and record the signal's value at the most frequent rate. Linearly interpolate between recorded values and record the interpolated values at 1 Hz. (iii) Optionally, you may use PEMS to electronically filter the ECM signals to meet the rise time and fall time specifications in Table 1 of this section. Record the filtered signal at 1 Hz. * * * * * (5) * * * (iii) * * * (B) Use a single BSFC value that approximates the BSFC value over a test interval (as defined in subpart K of this part). This value may be a nominal BSFC value for all engine operation determined over one or more laboratory duty cycles, or it may be any other BSFC that you determine. If you use a nominal BSFC, we recommend that you select a value based on the BSFC measured over laboratory duty cycles that best represent the range of engine operation that defines a test interval for field-testing. You may use the methods of this paragraph (d)(5)(iii)(B) only if it does not adversely affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with applicable standards. * * * * * • 138. Section 1065.920 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (b)(4)(iii), and (b)(7) introductory text to read as follows: Sec. 1065.920 PEMS calibrations and verifications. (a) Subsystem calibrations and verifications. Use all the applicable calibrations and verifications in subpart D of this part, including the linearity verifications in Sec. 1065.307, to calibrate and verify PEMS. Note that a PEMS does not have to meet the system- response specifications of Sec. 1065.308 if it meets the overall verification described in paragraph (b) of this section. This section does not apply to ECM signals. (b) * * * (4) * * * (iii) If the standard-setting part specifies the use of a measurement allowance for field testing, also apply the measurement allowance during calibration using good engineering judgment. If the measurement allowance is normally added to the standard, this means you must subtract the measurement allowance from the measured PEMS brake- specific emission result. * * * * * (7) The PEMS passes this verification if any one of the following are true for each constituent: * * * * * • 139. Section 1065.925 is amended by revising paragraph (h) to read as follows: Sec. 1065.925 PEMS preparation for field testing. * * * * * (h) Verify the amount of contamination in the PEMS HC sampling system as follows: (1) Select the HC analyzers' ranges for measuring the maximum concentration expected at the HC standard. (2) Zero the HC analyzers using a zero gas or ambient air introduced at the analyzer port. When zeroing the FIDs, use the FIDs' burner air that would be used for in-use measurements (generally either ambient air or a portable source of burner air). (3) Span the HC analyzers using span gas introduced at the analyzer port. When spanning the FIDs, use the FIDs' burner air that would be used in-use (for example, use ambient air or a portable source of burner air). (4) Overflow zero or ambient air at the HC probe or into a fitting between the HC probe and the transfer line. (5) Measure the HC concentration in the sampling system: (i) For continuous sampling, record the mean HC concentration as overflow zero air flows. (ii) For batch sampling, fill the sample medium and record its mean concentration. (6) Record this value as the initial HC concentration, xTHCinit, and use it to correct measured values as described in Sec. 1065.660. (7) If the initial HC concentration exceeds the greater of the following values, determine the source of the contamination and take corrective action, such as purging the system or replacing contaminated portions: (i) 2% of the flow-weighted mean concentration expected at the standard or measured during testing. (ii) 2 μmol/mol. (8) If corrective action does not resolve the deficiency, you may use a contaminated HC system if it does not prevent you from demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission standards. • 140. Section 1065.935 is amended by revising paragraphs (e)(1) and (g)(5) to read as follows: Sec. 1065.935 Emission test sequence for field testing. * * * * * (e) * * * (1) Continue sampling as needed to get an appropriate amount of emission measurement, according to the standard setting part. If the standard-setting part does not describe when to stop sampling, develop a written protocol before you start testing to establish how you will stop sampling. You may not determine when to stop testing based on emission results. * * * * * (g) * * * (5) Invalidate any test intervals that do not meet the drift criterion in Sec. 1065.550. For NMHC, invalidate any test intervals if the difference between the uncorrected and the corrected brake-specific NMHC emission values are within ±10% of the uncorrected results or the applicable standard, whichever is greater. For test intervals that do meet the drift criterion, correct those test intervals for drift according to Sec. 1065.672 and use the drift corrected results in emissions calculations. * * * * * [[Page 37346]] Subpart K--[Amended] • 141. Section 1065.1001 is amended by revising the definitions for ``Designated Compliance Officer'', ``Regression statistics'' and ``Tolerance'' and adding definitions in alphabetical order for ``Dilution ratio'', ``Measurement allowance'', ``Mode'', ``NIST- accepted'', ``Recommend'', ``Uncertainty'', and ``Work'' to read as follows: Sec. 1065.1001 Definitions. * * * * * Designated Compliance Officer means the Director, Compliance and Innovative Strategies Division (6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. * * * * * Dilution ratio (DR) means the amount of diluted exhaust per amount of undiluted exhaust. * * * * * Measurement allowance means a specified adjustment in the applicable emission standard or a measured emission value to reflect the relative quality of the measurement. See the standard-setting part to determine whether any measurement allowances apply for your testing. Measurement allowances generally apply only for field testing and are intended to account for reduced accuracy or precision that result from using field-grade measurement systems. Mode means one of the following: (1) A distinct combination of engine speed and load for steady- state testing. (2) A continuous combination of speeds and loads specifying a transition during a ramped-modal test. (3) A distinct operator demand setting, such as would occur when testing locomotives or constant-speed engines. NIST-accepted means relating to a value that has been assigned or named by NIST. * * * * * Recommend has the meaning given in Sec. 1065.201. Regression statistics means any of the regression statistics specified in Sec. 1065.602. * * * * * Tolerance means the interval in which at least 95% of a set of recorded values of a certain quantity must lie. Use the specified recording frequencies and time intervals to determine if a quantity is within the applicable tolerance. The concept of tolerance is intended to address random variability. You may not take advantage of the tolerance specification to incorporate a bias into a measurement. * * * * * Uncertainty means uncertainty with respect to NIST-traceability. See the definition of NIST-traceable in this section. * * * * * Work has the meaning given in Sec. 1065.110. * * * * * • 142. Section 1065.1005 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (g) to read as follows: Sec. 1065.1005 Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of measure. * * * * * (a) Symbols for quantities. This part uses the following symbols and units of measure for various quantities: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Symbol Quantity Unit Unit symbol Base SI units ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- %................ percent............... 0.01.................. %..................... 10 2 [alpha].......... atomic hydrogen to mole per mole......... mol/mol............... 1 carbon ratio. A................ area.................. square meter.......... m2.................... m2 A0............... intercept of least ..................... squares regression. A1............... slope of least squares ..................... regression. [beta]........... ratio of diameters.... meter per meter....... m/m................... 1 [beta]........... atomic oxygen to mole per mole......... mol/mol............... 1 carbon ratio. C#............... number of carbon atoms ..................... in a molecule. d................ Diameter.............. meter................. m..................... m DR............... dilution ratio........ mole per mol.......... mol/mol............... 1 [egr]............ error between a ..................... quantity and its reference. e................ brake-specific basis.. gram per kilowatt hour g/(kW [middot] h)..... g [middot] 3.6 1 [middot] 10\6\ [middot] m 2 [middot] kg [middot] s\2\ F................ F-test statistic...... ..................... f................ frequency............. hertz................. Hz.................... s 1 fn............... rotational frequency revolutions per minute rev/min............... 2 [middot] pi (shaft). [middot] 60 1 [middot] s 1 [gamma].......... ratio of specific (joule per kilogram (J/(kg [middot] K))/(J/ 1 heats. kelvin) per (joule (kg [middot] K)). per kilogram kelvin). K................ correction factor..... ...................... ...................... 1 l................ length................ meter................. m..................... m μ............. viscosity, dynamic.... pascal second......... Pa[middot]s........... m 1 [middot] kg [middot] s 1 M................ molar mass\1\......... gram per mole......... g/mol................. 10 3 [middot] kg [middot] mol 1 m................ mass.................. kilogram.............. kg.................... kg m................ mass rate............. kilogram per second... kg/s.................. kg [middot] s 1 [nu]............. viscosity, kinematic.. meter squared per m\2\/s................ m\2\ [middot] s 1 second. N................ total number in series ..................... n................ amount of substance... mole.................. mol................... mol n................ amount of substance mole per second....... mol/s................. mol [middot] s 1 rate. P................ power................. kilowatt.............. kW.................... 103 [middot] m\2\ [middot] kg [middot] s 3 PF............... penetration fraction.. ..................... p................ pressure.............. pascal................ Pa.................... m 1 [middot] kg [middot] s 2 [rho]............ mass density.......... kilogram per cubic kg/m3................. kg [middot] m 3 meter. r................ ratio of pressures.... pascal per pascal..... Pa/Pa................. 1 R\2\............. coefficient of ..................... determination. Ra............... average surface micrometer............ μm................. m 6 roughness. Re#.............. Reynolds number....... ..................... RF............... response factor....... ..................... RH%.............. relative humidity..... 0.01.................. %..................... 10 2 [sigma].......... non-biased standard ..................... deviation. S................ Sutherland constant... kelvin................ K..................... K [[Page 37347]] SEE.............. standard estimate of ..................... error. T................ absolute temperature.. kelvin................ K..................... K T................ Celsius temperature... degree Celsius........ [deg]C................ K-273.15 T................ torque (moment of newton meter.......... N [middot] m.......... m\2\ [middot] kg force). [middot] s 2 t................ time.................. second................ s..................... s [Delta]t......... time interval, period, second................ s..................... s 1/frequency. V................ volume................ cubic meter........... m3.................... m3 V................ volume rate........... cubic meter per second m3/s.................. m3 [middot] s 1 W................ work.................. kilowatt hour......... kW [middot] h......... 3.6 [middot] 10 6 [middot] m\2\ [middot] kg [middot] s 2 wc............... carbon mass gram per gram......... g/g................... 1 concentration. x................ amount of substance mole per mole......... mol/mol............... (\1\) mole fraction\2\. x................ flow-weighted mean mole per mole......... mol/mol............... 1 concentration. y................ generic variable...... ..................... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ See paragraph (f)(2) of this section for the values to use for molar masses. Note that in the cases of NOX and HC, the regulations specify effective molar masses based on assumed speciation rather than actual speciation. \2\ Note that mole fractions for THC, THCE, NMHC, NMHCE, and NOTHC are expressed on a C1 equivalent basis. * * * * * (g) Other acronyms and abbreviations. This part uses the following additional abbreviations and acronyms: ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials BMD bag mini-diluter BSFC brake-specific fuel consumption CARB California Air Resources Board CFR Code of Federal Regulations CFV critical-flow venturi CI compression-ignition CITT Curb Idle Transmission Torque CLD chemiluminescent detector CVS constant-volume sampler DF deterioration factor ECM electronic control module EFC electronic flow control EGR exhaust gas recirculation EPA Environmental Protection Agency FEL Family Emission Limit FID flame-ionization detector IBP initial boiling point ISO International Organization for Standardization LPG liquefied petroleum gas NDIR nondispersive infrared NDUV nondispersive ultraviolet NIST National Institute for Standards and Technology PDP positive-displacement pump PEMS portable emission measurement system PFD partial-flow dilution PMP Polymethylpentene pt. a single point at the mean value expected at the standard PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene (commonly known as TeflonTM) RE rounding error RMC ramped-modal cycle RMS root-mean square RTD resistive temperature detector SSV subsonic venturi SI spark-ignition UCL upper confidence limit UFM ultrasonic flow meter U.S.C. United States Code • 143. Section 1065.1010 is revised to read as follows: Sec. 1065.1010 Reference materials. Documents listed in this section have been incorporated by reference into this part. The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by reference as prescribed in 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Anyone may inspect copies at the U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West Building, Washington, DC 20460 or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_ regulations/ibr_locations.html. (a) ASTM material. Table 1 of this section lists material from the American Society for Testing and Materials that we have incorporated by reference. The first column lists the number and name of the material. The second column lists the sections of this part where we reference it. Anyone may purchase copies of these materials from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428 or www.astm.com.Table 1 follows: Table 1 of Sec. 1065.1010.-ASTM Materials ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Part 1065 Document No. and name reference ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ASTM D86-07a, Standard Test Method for Distillation of 1065.703, Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure................ 1065.710 ASTM D93-07, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by 1065.703 Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester.......................... ASTM D445-06, Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity 1065.703 of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)........................................ ASTM D613-05, Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of 1065.703 Diesel Fuel Oil........................................... ASTM D910-07, Standard Specification for Aviation Gasolines 1065.701 ASTM D975-07b, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils. 1065.701 ASTM D1267-02 (Reapproved 2007), Standard Test Method for 1065.720 Gage Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP- Gas Method)............................................... ASTM D1319-03, Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types 1065.710 in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption................................................ ASTM D1655-07e01, Standard Specification for Aviation 1065.701 Turbine Fuels............................................. ASTM D1837-02a (Reapproved 2007), Standard Test Method for 1065.720 Volatility of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases.............. ASTM D1838-07, Standard Test Method for Copper Strip 1065.720 Corrosion by Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases............... ASTM D1945-03, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural 1065.715 Gas by Gas Chromatography................................. ASTM D2158-05, Standard Test Method for Residues in 1065.720 Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases............................ [[Page 37348]] ASTM D2163-05, Standard Test Method for Analysis of 1065.720 Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propene Concentrates by Gas Chromatography........................................ ASTM D2598-02 (Reapproved 2007), Standard Practice for 1065.720 Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis.......... ASTM D2622-07, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum 1065.703, Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence 1065.710 Spectrometry.............................................. ASTM D2713-91 (Reapproved 2001), Standard Test Method for 1065.720 Dryness of Propane (Valve Freeze Method).................. ASTM D2784-06, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied 1065.720 Petroleum Gases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)............. ASTM D2880-03, Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel 1065.701 Oils...................................................... ASTM D2986-95a (Reapproved 1999), Standard Practice for 1065.170 Evaluation of Air Assay Media by the Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test............................ ASTM D3231-07, Standard Test Method for Phosphorus in 1065.710 Gasoline.................................................. ASTM D3237-06e01, Standard Test Method for Lead in Gasoline 1065.710 By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy......................... ASTM D4052-96e01 (Reapproved 2002), Standard Test Method 1065.703 for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter............................................. ASTM D4814-07a, Standard Specification for Automotive Spark- 1065.701 Ignition Engine Fuel...................................... ASTM D5186-03, Standard Test Method for Determination of 1065.703 the Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chromatography...................................... ASTM D5191-07, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of 1065.710 Petroleum Products (Mini Method).......................... ASTM D5797-07, Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol 1065.701 (M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines........... ASTM D5798-07, Standard Specification for Fuel Ethanol 1065.701 (Ed75-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines......... ASTM D6615-06, Standard Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut 1065.701 Aviation Turbine Fuel..................................... ASTM D6751-07b, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel 1065.701 Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels............ ASTM D6985-04a, Standard Specification for Middle 1065.701 Distillate Fuel Oil--Military Marine Applications......... ASTM F1471-93 (Reapproved 2001), Standard Test Method for 1065.1001 Air Cleaning Performance of a High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filter System......................................... ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (b) ISO material. Table 2 of this section lists material from the International Organization for Standardization that we have incorporated by reference. The first column lists the number and name of the material. The second column lists the section of this part where we reference it. Anyone may purchase copies of these materials from the International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH- 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland or www.iso.org.