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DENIED: October 23, 2008
CBCA
932
PARIS
BROTHERS, INC.,
Appellant,
v.
DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE,
Respondent.
Anthony S. Paris, Kansas City,
MO, counsel for Appellant.
David W. Schaaf, Office of the
General Counsel, Department of Agriculture, Kansas City, MO, counsel for
Respondent.
Before Board Judges McCANN, STEEL, and SHERIDAN.
STEEL, Board
Judge.
This appeal arises out of a
dispute between appellant, Paris Brothers, Inc., and respondent, the Department
of Agriculture (USDA), under firm fixed price contract number
AGDPDVC070001. This contract is a
national warehouse contract for commercial storage and food distribution
services within the United States.
Appellant disputes the manner in which deductions were taken when it
failed to make specific deliveries on time.
It seeks to recover monies withheld from payment of its April 2007
invoice. We have before us the parties= cross-motions for summary relief.[1] For the reasons discussed below, we deny
appellant=s motion for summary relief and grant respondent=s motion for summary relief.
The record considered by the
Board in issuing this decision consists of the pleadings and attached exhibits,
the appeal file (books A-D), appellant=s
supplement to the appeal file, the
parties= cross-motions for summary relief and accompanying
memoranda and exhibits, and their responses thereto.
Background
In June 2006, the USDA issued
solicitation KCCO-DDOD-06-RFP-0002, to provide services for various national
food supplement programs for the needy.
These services included food storage and distribution for the USDA=s Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP) and the
Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR). The term of the contract was to be one year,
with four annual option periods.
Complaint && 2, 3; Answer &&
2, 3; Appeal File, Book B at 000063.
Originally, the request for
proposal mandated that the contractor meet an acceptable quality level (AQL) of
100% on-time deliveries pursuant to the approved schedule, or be charged 100%
of the applicable transportation costs for each late delivery and $300 for each
day late. Appeal File, Book B at 000428,
sec. C, Indicator 5, Delivery of Commodities to Recipients, Performance
Standard 5B (performance standard 5B).
On July 7, 2006, the AQL for performance standard 5B was changed by
solicitation amendment 0004. Appeal
File, Book A at 000003; Book B at 000968.
The schedule of deductions at issue now provides:
PERFORMANCE STANDARD |
DEDUCT |
DEDUCT IF PATTERN |
OTHER ACTIONS |
5B Delivery shall be made in accordance with the
negotiated delivery schedule in the most cost efficient manner in terms of
conso-lidation and trans-portation mode. |
Late Deliveries
98% timely B $150 per location per day
late. |
Late Deliveries less than 98% timely B All late deliveries for the month,
50% of applicable transporta-tion charges deducted regardless of number of
days late +$150 per day each delivery location per day late. |
Cure Notice |
Appeal File, Book B at 000968 (emphasis added).
Following the issuance of
amendment 0004, appellant submitted its proposal and on December 21, 2006, was
awarded the contract for services covering Zone A.[2] Appeal File, Book B at 000002. Thereafter, Paris submitted its annual
schedule of delivery dates for the initial year of the contract and began
making deliveries.
In May 2007, Paris submitted its
monthly transportation invoice for April 2007 for review and payment. Complaint & 16;
Answer & 16. The
invoice showed a number of late deliveries.
The contracting officer (CO) evaluated the April invoice, determined
that on-time deliveries were below the 98% figure set by performance standard
5B, and assessed deductions against appellant for those late deliveries which
brought on-time deliveries below the 98% AQL.
Complaint && 19, 20; Answer &&
19, 20. Deductions were not made on the
first 2% of late deliveries which, by themselves, would not have resulted in an
AQL of below 98%.
Following the deductions,
appellant submitted a claim to the CO on June 8, 2007. It argued that some of the delivery dates had
been renegotiated, that the AQL of 98% timely delivery should be evaluated on
an annual rather than monthly basis, and that some of the late deliveries were
excusable because the failure to perform was due to truck mechanical failures
beyond the control of appellant or its subcontractor. Complaint, Attachment 2. The CO agreed with some of appellant=s points on renegotiated dates, but otherwise denied
the claim, and upheld the April 2007 deductions for five late delivery
shipments, totaling $8033.70. Appeal
File, Book A at 000031.
Appellant timely appealed the
CO=s decision to this Board.
Discussion
Summary relief is appropriate
when the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, based on
undisputed material facts. Celotex
Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317 (1986);
Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242 (1986). Where, as here, both parties move for summary
relief, each party=s motion must be reviewed on its own merits, and all
reasonable inferences must be resolved in favor of the non-moving party. First Commerce Corp. v. United States, 335
F.3d 1373, 1379 (Fed. Cir. 2003); DeMarini Sports, Inc. v. Worth, Inc.,
239 F.3d 1314, 1322 (Fed. Cir. 2001).
The fact that cross-motions have been filed does not require the
granting of one of the motions. California
v. United States, 271 F.3d 1377, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2001).
Appellant
moves for summary relief arguing that the contract is latently ambiguous and inconsistent and that the Government
erred by evaluating late deliveries on a monthly rather than an annual
basis. In arguing that deductions for
late deliveries should be made annually rather than monthly, appellant points
out that the initial period of the contract is twelve months; that the
contractor must submit a twelve-month delivery schedule before commencing work;
and that evaluation of the contractor for public recognition and possible
contract award for the option years is performed for a twelve-month
period. Appellant notes that the
contract also references items intended to be evaluated on a monthly basis,
such as monthly inventory reports, storage and handling invoices, invoices for
miscellaneous charges, and transportation invoices, but that this list does not
include deductions for less than 98% AQL.
Appellant proffers that the CO improperly applied performance standard
5B as a basis for her monthly evaluation and deductions for late delivery, and
that the contract is ambiguous with regard to when deductions for late
deliveries are to be taken.
The Government avers that
performance standard 5B is clear on its face and, in fact, anticipates monthly
deductions for late deliveries. The
Government asserts that there are no provisions in the contract that negate or
make ambiguous the Government=s right to make such deductions, and thus summary
relief must be granted in its favor.
Clearly, there are provisions
in the contract which relate to actions to be taken on an annual basis, such as
whether the contractor is entitled to public recognition. Equally so, the contract explicitly provides
for actions which are to be taken on a monthly basis, including monthly AQL
deductions. Performance standard 5B
explicitly states that evaluation of the 98% AQL relates to a monthly
timetable:
Late Deliveries less than 98% timely B All late deliveries for the month, 50%
of applicable transportation charges deducted regardless of number of days late
+ $150 per each delivery location per day late.
Appeal File, Book B at 000968 (emphasis added). Further, the monthly performance standard 5B
deductions contemplated in Section J, Attachment L, are referenced throughout
the contract and schedule. See Appeal File, Book B at 000085 (' E.3), 000091 (' F.7),
000092 (' F.12), 000100 ('
G.12). Terms referring to annual time
frames go to schedules and rewards for excellent performance, not deductions
for failure to perform. Appellant=s argument that the contract is ambiguous in this
regard lacks merit and strains the well-established rules of contract
interpretation.
Appellant next argues that
Paris should be excused from liability for those late deliveries which resulted
from truck breakdowns since the failure Aarises
from causes beyond the control and without the fault or negligence of the
Contractor.@ Respondent
moves the Board to grant summary relief, asserting that the mechanical failures
which occurred in this case are not excusable delays under Federal Acquisition
Regulation (FAR) 52.249-14.
It appears that four of the
five April 2007 late delivery deductions at issue resulted from mechanical
breakdowns of subcontractor trucks, with the most specific explanation being Atransmission failed.@ Complaint, Exhibit 1. Appellant urges that these four delays are
excusable and should not be charged against it, pursuant to FAR 52.249-14 --
Excusable Delays (Apr 1984). Section (b)
of this provision states,
If the failure to perform is caused by the failure
of a subcontractor at any tier to
perform or make progress, and if the cause of the failure was beyond thecontrol
of both the Contractor and subcontractor, and without the fault or negligence
of either, the contractor shall not be deemed to be in default. . . .
48 CFR 52.249-14(b) (2006).
Examples of causes beyond the
control of the contractor are given in section (a):
(1) acts of God or of the public enemy, (2) acts of
the Government in either its sovereign or contractual capacity, (3) fires, (4)
floods, (5) epidemics, (6) quarantine restrictions, (7) strikes, (8) freight
embargoes, and (9) unusually severe weather.
48 CFR 52.249-14(a).
Appellant admits that
generally the contractor, not the Government, is responsible for delay caused
by mechanical breakdowns even when the transportation is in the control of
subcontractors. However, appellant argues
here that since breakdowns are typical and unavoidable in the trucking
industry, they should be excusable under FAR 52.249-14.
The Government counters that
in order for the delay to be excusable it must be similar to those excusable
delays listed in FAR 52.249-14(a). The
delay must be from a cause extraneous to the contract and independent of the
actions and exertions of the parties, such as fire, epidemics, and
weather.
The ability to make lengthy
deliveries within a short time frame is the essence of this contract. The inability to do so because of equipment
breakdown is not extraneous to the contract, or independent of the actions and
exertions of the parties to the contract, and therefore is not an excusable
delay. A contractor is responsible for
providing the equipment and labor necessary to perform the tasks required
within the time frame in the contract. D.C.
Proctor and Associates, GSBCA 3736, 73-2 BCA &
10,031. The Government may deduct
transportation charges pursuant to performance standard 5B when a delivery is
late because of a truck breakdown.
Lastly, appellant argues that
performance standard 5B permitting the
50% deductions should be stricken from the contract since it is a penalty
clause. The Board lacks jurisdiction to
consider this new assertion because the argument was not made to the
contracting officer.
Earl C. Wilson v. General Services Administration, GSBCA 13152, 96-1 BCA & 28,266.[3] The Board has considered all other arguments
made by appellant and deems them without merit.
The Government seeks summary
relief asserting it was entitled to subtract $8033.70 from the April 2007
invoice payment for those late deliveries which caused appellant to fall below
the Alate delivery@ 98%
AQL. For the reasons discussed above,
the Board agrees that the $8033.70 deduction was appropriate.
Decision
Appellant=s motion for summary relief is denied, and respondent=s motion for summary relief is granted. Therefore, the appeal is DENIED.
CANDIDA S. STEEL
Board Judge
We concur:
R. ANTHONY McCANN PATRICIA
J. SHERIDAN
Board Judge Board Judge
[1] Appellant titled its motion a Amotion for summary judgment.@ The Board=s Rule 8(c)(3) refers to this type of dispositive motion as a motion for summary relief. Therefore, appellant=s motion shall herein be referred to as a motion for summary relief.
[2] Zone A
consisted of the western states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming, and Washington.
[3] Similarly, appellant states that additional adjustments for late deliveries have been made to Paris= monthly transportation invoices for May to September 2007 on the same basis as those made for April 2007, and asks that the Board restore $16,186.27 for those deductions applied in subsequent months. The claim submitted to the contracting officer only addressed the deductions taken for April 2007. The Board does not have jurisdiction to review claims not submitted to the CO. 41 U.S.C. ' 606 (2000).