Table 6. Summary of Nutrition Interventions
Studies |
Ascorbic Acid |
Calcium |
Calories |
Carbo- hydrates |
Fat |
Ferritin |
Folate |
Folate (serum) |
Iron |
Multiple, Not Described |
Phos- phorus |
Protein |
Pyri- doxine |
Supple- ments |
Thiamine |
Vitamin D |
Zinc |
Randomized Controlled Trials |
Dalton 199788 |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NS |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Markowitz 200489 |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Sargent 199990 |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NS |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Prospective Cohort Studies |
Gallicchio 200295 |
N |
- |
P |
N |
P |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Haynes, 200394 |
- |
N* |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lanphear, 200293 |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
N |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Markowitz 199681 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Schell 200392 |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
N |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NS |
- |
N (dietary) NS (serum) |
Varied |
Schell 200491 |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
N |
- |
- |
Varied |
- |
NS |
- |
NS (serum) |
NS |
Retrospective Cohort Study (with comparison group) |
Zierold 2004
99 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Cross Sectional Studies |
Hammad 199697 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
N |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lee, 200510 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
P |
N |
P |
- |
- |
- |
P |
- |
N |
- |
- |
Lucas 199696 |
- |
- |
P |
- |
P |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Simon 199998 |
N |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Abbreviations:
'-' = not evaluated; N = Negative/inverse relationship; NS = Not significant/no
relationship; P = Positive relationship.
*Calcium intake was inversely associated with children's blood lead level (p=0.03) in a
multivariate model that included VDR Fok 1 genotype as an independent variable. No
significant effect modification of calcium intake on blood lead by genotype was found
(p=0.49). No significant association was observed when the polymorphism was not included
(Lanphear, 200293).
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