(a) The test of coverage for sharecroppers and tenant farmers is the
same as that applied under the Act to determine whether any other person
is an employee or not. Certain so-called sharecroppers or tenants whose
work activities are closely guided by the landowner or his agent are
covered. Those individuals called sharecroppers and tenants whose work
is closeIy directed and who have no actual discretion in controlling
farm operations are in fact employees by another name. True independent-
contractor sharecroppers or tenant farmers who actually control their
farm operations are not employees, but if they employ
other workers they may be responsible as employers under the Act.
(b) In determining whether such individuals are employees or
independent contractors, the criteria laid down by the courts in
interpreting the Act's definitions of employment, such as those
enunciated by the Supreme Court in Rutherford Food Corporation v.
McComb, are utilized. This case, as well as others, made it clear that
the answer to the question of whether an individual is an employee or an
independent contractor under the definitions in this Act lies in the
relationship in its entirety, and is not determined by common law
concepts. It does not depend upon isolated factors but on the ``whole
activity.'' An employee is one who as a matter of economic reality
follows the usual path of an employee. Each case must be decided on the
basis of all facts and circumstances, and as an aid in the assessment,
one considers such factors as the following:
(1) The extent to which the services rendered are an integral part
of the principal's business;
(2) The permanency of the relationship;
(3) The opportunities for profit or loss;
(4) The initiative, judgment, or foresight exercised by the one who
performs the services;
(5) The amount of investment; and
(6) The degree of control which the principal has in the situation.
(c) Where a tenant or sharecropper is found to be an employee, he
and any members of his family who work with him on the crop are also to
be included in the 500 man-day count of the owner or operator of the
farm. Thus, where a sharecropper is an employee and his wife and
children help in chopping cotton, all the family members are employees
of the farm owner or operator and all their man-days of work are
counted.
(d) On the other hand, a sharecropper or tenant who qualifies as a
bona fide independent contractor is considered the same as any other
employer, and only the man-days of agricultural labor performed by
employees of such a sharecropper or tenant are counted toward the man-
days used by him. If he does not meet the 500 man-day test, he is not
required to pay his employees the minimum wage even though those
employees are entitled to the minimum wage when working for a separate
employer who met the man-day test.
