| Risk Factor | Relative Risk (95% confidence interval) | References |
|---|---|---|
| Age: per 2 years | 1.11 (1.01-1.21) | 26 |
| Age: per 5 years | 1.94 (1.55-2.42) | 27 |
| Body Mass Index per increase of: 0.01 kg/m2 | 0.4 (0.3-0.6) | 28 |
| Body Mass Index: 10 kg/m2 | 0.58 (0.36-0.92) | 27 |
| Body Mass Index: >25.6 kg/m2 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) wrist; 1.6 (1.0-2.4) ankle |
26 |
| Body Mass Index: >28.6 kg/m2 | 0.5 (0.4-0.7) wrist; 2.0 (1.3-3.1) ankle |
26 |
| Body Mass Index: Low | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) | 29 |
| Height: per 0.1 m | 1.58 (1.18-2.12) | 27 |
| Mother with fracture | 1.27 (1.16-1.40) | 30 |
| Grandmother with hip fracture | 3.70 (1.55-8.85) | 31 |
| Hormone replacement therapy: Current use | 0.82 (0.74-0.91) | 30 |
| Hormone replacement therapy: per 5 years use | 0.5 (0.2-0.9) | 28 |
| Hormone replacement therapy: >2 years use | 0.44 (0.22-0.89) | 32 |
| Hormone replacement therapy: Long history of use | 0.70 (0.50-0.96) | 33 |
| African American | 0.54 (0.41-0.72) | 30 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9.17 (3.38-24.92) | 27 |
| Chronic conditions | 1.3 (1.1-1.5) | 26 |
| Disability pension | 3.79 (2.15-6.68) | 27 |
| Long-term work disability | 1.3 (1.1-1.6) | 26 |
| Self-rated health (fair/poor) | 1.79 (1.52-2.11) | 30 |
| Moderate daily physical activity | 0.61 (0.37-0.99) | 32 |
| Alcohol: >100 g/wk | 1.70 (1.08-2.67) | 33 |
| Alcohol: Regular use | 1.4 (1.3-4.4) | 29 |
| Alcohol: 1 to 6 drinks/wk | 0.85 (0.75-0.96) | 30 |
| Smoking: Current | 1.5 (1.3-1.5); 1.14 (1.00-1.30) |
26,30 |
| Smoking: Former | 1.09 (1.00-1.19) | 30 |
| Smoking: >11 cigarettes/day | 3.0 (1.9-4.6) | 26 |
| Unmarried | 2.16 (1.28-3.64) | 27 |
| College education or higher | 1.26 (1.16-1.38) | 30 |
| Age at menopause | 0.94 (0.88-0.99) | 32 |
| Years since menopause: 10 to 19 | 1.18 (1.01-1.38) | 30 |
| Years since menopause: 20 to 29 | 1.31 (1.12-1.54) | 30 |
| Years since menopause: 30 | 1.51 (1.26-1.81) | 30 |
| Oophorectomy <45 years | 3.64 (1.01-13.04) | 33 |
| 5 or more children | 2.5 (1.1-6.7) | 29 |