| Intervention Type | Evidence Source | Months of Followup | RCTs | Treatments Compared with Control |
Weight Change: Intervention Group (kg) |
Weight Change: Control Group (kg) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | Median | Number | Number | Range | Mean | Range | Mean | ||
| Counseling and behavioral therapy | U.S. NIH11 | 12 to 60 | 12 | 29 | 54 | 8 to -21.6 | -5.7 | 1.9 to -8.8 | -3.3 |
| U.K. NHS29 | 12 to 60 | 12 | 24 | 51 | 5.4 to -12.9 | -4.5 | 1.4 to -10.6 | -3.0 | |
| CTFPHC28 | 24 to 60 | 24 | 6 | 12 | 2.7 to -9.2 | -3.3 | -0.2 to-4.5 | -2.1 | |
| Updated searches (1) | 12 to 54 | 12 | 12 | 22 | 9.2 to -17 | -3.7 | 0.88 to -5.8 | -2.0 | |
| Updated searches (2) | 12 to 54 | 12 | 13 | 24 | 9.2 to -17.9 | -4.6 | 0.88 to -12.3 | -2.6 | |
| Pharmacotherapy (orlistat or sibutramine) |
BMJ Clin Evid31 | 0.5 to 24 | NA | 17b | NR | NR | -2.5 to -4.4 | NR | |
| Updated searches | 6 to 12 | 6 | 10 | 11 | -3.3 to -13.1 | -6.5 | -2.8 to -5.8 | -4.0 | |
| Surgery | U.S. NIH11 | 12 to 48 | 24 | 5 | 7 | -9.7 to -159 | -76.0 | NA | |
| U.K. NHS29 | 12 to 48 | 30 | 6 | 8 | -9.7 to -57.9 | -45.1 | NA | ||
| CTFPHC28 | 24 to 60 | 36 | 4 | 9 | -17 to -45.5 | -29.9 | NA | ||
| Updated searches | 18 to 18 | 18 | 2 | 4 | -34 to <-46 | NA | NA | ||
|
a Data reflect weight loss RCTs that have at least 1 year of followup; the longest followup reported is shown. Only counseling and pharmacotherapy trials that provided data on treatment effect with and without adjustment for control are included. Weight maintenance studies are not shown. Surgery data reflects only current procedures (gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding, vertical banded gastroplasty); because trials compare 2 techniques (i.e., no comparison to non-surgical control), results are unadjusted for control. Results of updated searches for counseling results are shown with (1) and without (2) inclusion of a trial combining alternative counseling strategies with pharmacotherapy.65 b Data presented are for 7 studies of sibutramine and 10 studies of orlistat only. BMJ Clin Evid = British Medical Journal's Clinical Evidence; CTFPHC = Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care; NA = data not available to do appropriate calculation; NHS = U.K. National Health Service; NIH - National Institutes of Health; NR = not reported; RCT = randomized controlled trial. | |||||||||