America's Children in Brief: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2008
Family and Social Environment Figures
Figure FAM1.A: Percentage of children ages 0–17 by presence of parents in the household, 1980–2007
NOTE: Prior to 2007, CPS data identified only one parent on the child's record. This meant that a second parent could only be identified if they were married to the first parent. In 2007, a second parent identified was added to CPS. This permits identification of two coresident parents, even if the parents are not married to each other. In this figure, "two parents" reflects all children who have both a mother and a father identified in the household, including biological, step, and adoptive parents. Before 2007, "mother only" and "father only" included some children who lived with a parent who was living with the other parent of the child, but was not married to them. Beginning in 2007, "mother only" and "father only" refer to children for whom only one parent has been identified, whether biological, step, or adoptive.
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Figure FAM1.B: Percentage of children ages 0–17 living in various family arrangements, 2007
1 Includes children living with two stepparents.
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Figure FAM2.A: Birth rates for unmarried women by age of mother, 1980–2006
NOTE: The 2006 rate for total ages 15–44 is preliminary. 2006 data for specific age groups are not available.
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System.
Figure FAM2.B: Percentage of all births to unmarried women by age of mother, 1980 and 2006
NOTE: Data for 2006 are preliminary
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System.
Figure FAM3.A: Percentage of children ages 0–6 not yet in kindergarten by type of care arrangement, 2005
NOTE: Respondents indicated whether children received nonparental care on a regular basis, regardless of the amount of time spent in such care. Some children participate in more than one type of arrangement, so the sum of all arrangement types exceeds the total percentage in regular nonparental care. Center-based programs include day care centers, prekindergartens, nursery schools, Head Start programs, and other early childhood education programs. Relative and nonrelative care can take place in either the child's own home or another home.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES).
Figure FAM3.B: Primary child care arrangements for children ages 0–4 with employed mothers, selected years 1985–2005
NOTE: Center-based care includes day care centers, nursery schools, preschools and Head Start programs. Home-based care or other nonrelative care includes family day care providers, babysitters, nannies, friends, neighbors, and other nonrelatives providing care in either the child's or provider's home. Other relatives include siblings and other relatives. Mother care includes care by the mother while she worked. To see trends in individual child care arrangement types refer to Overturn Johnson, J. (2005). Who's Minding the Kids? Child care arrangements: Winter 2002. Current Population Reports, P70–101. U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC. The primary arrangement is the arrangement used for the most number of hours per week while the mother worked.
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation.
Figure FAM3.C: Percentage of children in kindergarten through 8th grade by weekday care and activities, 2005
NOTE: Some children participate in more than one type of care arrangement or activity. For self care, parents reported that their child is responsible for himself/herself before or after school on a regular basis. Parents reported on organized before- or after-school activities that are undertaken by their child on a regular basis. For a full listing or activities, see Table FAM3.C.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES).
Figure FAM4: Percentage of children ages 0–17 by nativity of child and parents, selected years 1994–2007
NOTE: Includes all children ages 0–17 in households. Children living in households with no parents present are not shown in this figure, but are included in the bases for the percentages. Native parents means that all of the parents that the child lives with are native born, while foreign-born means that one or both of the child's parents are foreign-born. Anyone with a U.S. citizenship at birth is considered native, which includes people born in the United States or in U.S. outlying areas and people born abroad with at least one American parent. Foreign-born children with native parents are included in the native children with native parents category. Prior to 2007, CPS data identified only one parents on the child's record. This meant that a second parent could only be identified if they were married to the first parent. In 2007, a second parent identifier was added to CPS. This permits identification of two coresident parents, even if the parents are not married to each other.
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Figure FAM5: Percentage of children ages 5–17 who speak a language other than English at home and who have difficulty speaking English, selected years 1979–2006
NOTE: Numbers from the 1995 and 1999 Current Population Survey (CPS) may reflect changes in the survey because of newly instituted computer-assisted interviewing techniques and/or because of the change in the population controls to the 1990 Census-based estimates, with adjustments. A break is shown in the lines between 1999 and 2000 because data from 1979 to 1999 come from the CPS, while beginning in 2000 the data come from the American Community Survey (ACS). The questions were the came on the CPS and the ACS questionnaires.
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, October (1992, 1995, and 1999) and November (1979 and 1989) Current Population Surveys and 2000–2006 American Community Survey.
Figure FAM6: Birth rates for females ages 15–17 by race and Hispanic origin, 1980–2006
NOTE: Data for 2006 are preliminary. Race refers to mother's race. Although state reporting of birth certificate data is transitioning to comply with the 1997 OMB standard for race and ethnic statistics, all data in the figure have been mapped back to the 1977 OMB standard to present consistent categories over time. Rates for 1980–1989 are not shown for Hispanics; White, non-Hispanics; or Black, non-Hispanics because information on Hispanic origin of the mother was not reported on birth certificates of most states and because population estimates by Hispanic ethnicity for the reporting states were not available. For more information, see footnote 7.
SOURCE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System.
Figure FAM7: Rate of substantiated maltreatment reports of children ages 0–17 per 1,000 children, 1998–2006
NOTE: The count of child victims is based on the number of investigations by Child Protective Services that found the child to be a victim of one or more types of maltreatment. The count of victims is, therefore, a report-based count and is a "duplicated count," since an individual child may have been maltreated more than once. The number of states reporting varies from year to year. States vary in their definition of abuse and neglect.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System.