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Previous Value (Year) | Most Recent Value (Year) | Change Between Years | |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic Background | |||
Child population* | |||
Children ages 0–17 in the United States | 73.7 million (2006) | 73.9 million (2007) | |
Children as a proportion of the population* | |||
Children ages 0–17 in the United States | 24.6% (2006) | 24.5% (2007) | |
Racial and ethnic composition* | |||
Children ages 0–17 by race and ethnic group | |||
White | 76.2% (2006) | 76.2% (2007) | NS |
White, non-Hispanic | 57.6% (2006) | 57.0% (2007) | |
Black | 15.4% (2006) | 15.4% (2007) | NS |
Asian | 4.0% (2006) | 4.1% (2007) | |
All other races | 4.3% (2006) | 4.3% (2007) | NS |
Hispanic (of any race) | 20.3% (2006) | 20.9% (2007) | |
Family and Social Environment | |||
Family structure and children's living arrangements | |||
Children ages 0–17 living with two married parents | 67.4% (2006) | 67.8% (2007) | NS |
Births to unmarried women | |||
Births to unmarried women ages 15–44 | 48 per 1,000 (2005) | 51 per 1,000 (2006) | |
All births that are to unmarried women | 37% (2005) | 38% (2006) | |
Child care | |||
Children ages 0–6, not yet in kindergarten, who received some form of nonparental child care on a regular basis | 61.2% (2001) | 60.8% (2005) | NS |
Children ages 0–4, with employed mothers, whose primary child care arrangement is with a relative | 45.5% (2002) | 47.9% (2005) | NS |
Children of at least one foreign-born parent | |||
Children ages 0–17 living with at least one foreign-born parent | 20.7% (2006) | 21.9% (2007) | |
Language spoken at home and difficulty speaking English | |||
Children ages 5–17 who speak a language other than English at home | 19.9% (2005) | 20.3% (2006) | |
Children ages 5–17 who have difficulty speaking English and speak a language other than English at home | 5.3% (2005) | 5.2% (2006) | |
Adolescent births | |||
Births to females ages 15–17 | 21 per 1,000 (2005) | 22 per 1,000 (2006) | |
Child maltreatment | |||
Substantiated reports of maltreatment of children ages 0–17 | 12.1 per 1,000 (2005) | 12.1 per 1,000 (2006) | NS |
Economic Circumstances | |||
Child poverty | |||
Children ages 0–17 in poverty | 17.6% (2005) | 17.4% (2006) | NS |
Secure parental employment | |||
Children ages 0–17 living with at least one parent employed year round, full time | 78.3% (2005) | 78.2% (2006) | NS |
Food security | |||
Children ages 0–17 in households classified by USDA as "food insecure" | 16.9% (2005) | 17.2% (2006) | NS |
Health Care | |||
Health insurance coverage | |||
Children ages 0–17 covered by health insurance | 89.1% (2005) | 88.3% (2006) | |
Usual source of health care | |||
Children ages 0–17 with no usual source of health care | 5% (2005) | 6% (2006) | NS |
Childhood immunization | |||
Children ages 19–35 months with the 4:3:1:3:3 combined series of vaccinations | 80.8% (2005) | 80.5% (2006) | NS |
Oral health | |||
Children ages 2–17 with a dental visit in the past year | 76.2% (2005) | 75.7% (2006) | NS |
Physical Environment and Safety | |||
Outdoor and indoor air quality | |||
Children ages 0–17 living in counties in which levels of one or more air pollutants rose above allowable levels | 60% (2005) | 55% (2006) | NS |
Drinking water quality | |||
Children served by community water systems that did not meet all applicable health-based drinking water standards | 12% (2005) | 10% (2006) | NS |
Lead in the blood of children | |||
Median blood lead concentration for children ages 1–5 | 1.6µg/dL (2001–2002) | 1.6 µg/dL (2003–2004) | NS |
Housing problems | |||
Households with children ages 0–17 reporting shelter cost burden, crowding, and/or physically inadequate housing | 37% (2003) | 40% (2005) | |
Youth victims of serious violent crimes | |||
Serious violent crime victimization of youth ages 12–17 | 11 per 1,000 (2004) | 14 per 1,000 (2005) | NS |
Child injury and mortality | |||
Injury deaths of children ages 1–4 | 12.9 per 100,000 (2004) | 13.0 per 100,000 (2005) | NS |
Injury deaths of children ages 5–14 | 8.2 per 100,000 (2004) | 7.7 per 100,000 (2005) | |
Adolescent injury and mortality | |||
Injury deaths of adolescents ages 15–19 | 51.3 per 100,000 (2004) | 49.8 per 100,000 (2005) | |
Behavior | |||
Regular cigarette smoking | |||
Students who reported smoking daily over the past 30 days | |||
8th-graders | 4% (2006) | 3% (2007) | |
10th-graders | 8% (2006) | 7% (2007) | NS |
12th-graders | 12.2 (2006) | 12.3% (2007) | NS |
Alcohol use | |||
Students who reported having five or more alcoholic beverages in a row in the last 2 weeks | |||
8th-graders | 11% (2006) | 10% (2007) | NS |
10th-graders | 21.9% (2006) | 21.9% (2006) | NS |
12th-graders | 25% (2006) | 26% (2007) | NS |
Illicit drug use | |||
Students who reported using illicit drugs over the past 30 days | |||
8th-graders | 8% (2006) | 7% (2007) | NS |
10th-graders | 16.8% (2006) | 16.9% (2007) | NS |
12th-graders | 21.5% (2006) | 21.9% (2007) | NS |
Sexual activity | |||
High school students who reported ever having had sexual intercourse | 46.7% (2003) | 46.8% (2005) | NS |
Youth perpetrators of serious violent crimes | |||
Youth offenders ages 12–17 involved in serious violent crimes | 14 per 1,000 (2004) | 17 per 1,000 (2005) | |
Education | |||
Family reading to young children | |||
Children ages 3–5 who were read to every day in the last week by a family member | 58% (2001) | 60% (2005) | NS |
Mathematics and reading achievement | |||
Average mathematics scale score of | |||
4th-graders (0–500 scale) | 238 (2005) | 240 (2007) | |
8th-graders (0–500 scale) | 279 (2005) | 281 (2007) | |
12th-graders (0–300 scale) | — | 150 (2005) | N/A |
Average reading scale score of | |||
4th-graders (0–500 scale) | 219 (2005) | 221 (2007) | |
8th-graders (0–500 scale) | 262 (2005) | 263 (2007) | |
12th-graders (0–500 scale) | 287 (2002) | 286 (2005) | NS |
High school academic coursetaking | |||
High school graduates who completed high-level coursework in | |||
Mathematics | 45% (2000) | 50% (2004) | |
Science | 63% (2000) | 68% (2004) | |
English | 34% (2000) | 33% (2004) | NS |
Foreign language | 30% (2000) | 34% (2004) | |
High school completion | |||
Young adults ages 18–24 who have completed high school | 87.6% (2005) | 87.8% (2006) | NS |
Youth neither enrolled in school** nor working | |||
Young adults ages 16–19 who are neither enrolled in school nor working | 7.6% (2006) | 7.8% (2007) | NS |
Immediate college enrollment | |||
Recent high school completers enrolled in college the October immediately after completing high school | 69% (2005) | 66% (2006) | NS |
Health | |||
Low birthweight | |||
Infants weighing less than 5 lb. 8 oz. at birth | 8.2% (2005) | 8.3% (2006) | |
Infant mortality | |||
Deaths before first birthday | 6.8 per 1,000 (2004) | 6.9 per 1,000 (2005) | NS |
Emotional and behavioral difficulties | |||
Children ages 4–17 reported by a parent to have definite or severe difficulties with emotions, concentration, behavior, or being able to get along with other people | 4.6% (2005) | 5.0% (2006) | NS |
Activity limitation | |||
Children ages 5–17 with activity limitation resulting from one or more chronic health conditions | 8% (2005) | 9% (2006) | NS |
Overweight | |||
Children ages 6–17 who are overweight | 18% (2003–2004) | 17% (2005–2006) | NS |
Asthma | |||
Children ages 0–17 who currently have asthma | 8.9% (2005) | 9.3% (2006) | NS |
— Not available N/A – Not applicable NS – No statistically significant change –Statistically significant increase – Statistically significant decrease |
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* Population estimates are not sample derived and therefore not subject to statistical testing. Change between years identifies differences in the proportionate size of these estimates as rounded. Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. | |||
** School refers to both high school and college. |