| Author, Year (Reference) | Outcome Measured | Outcome Data | Absolute Difference (95% CI) | P Value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group Value | Control Group Value | ||||
| Johnstone and Goldberg, 1976 (14)3 | Mean months of depression in 1 year | 4.2 | 6.3 | -2.1 (NR) | < 0.01 |
| Moore et al., 1978 (15)3 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Linn and Yager, 1980 (16)4 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Zung and King, 1983 (17)5 | Percentage of participants with <12-point decrease on SDS at 1 month | 33% | 65% | -32% (-61% to -3%) | 0.04 |
| Magruder-Habib et al., 1990 (18) | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Callahan et al., 1994 (19) and 1996 (21)5 | Percentage of participants with HAM-D > or = 10 at 6 months | 87% | 88% | -1% (-11% to 9%) | |
| Dowrick, 1995 (20)3 | NR | NR | NR | ||
| Lewis et al., 1996 (22)3 | Percentage of participants who had not improved at 6 weeks (GHQ score > or = 2) | 69% | 74.5% | -5 percentage points (-14 to 3 percentage points) | |
| Reifler et al., 1996 (23)3 | Zung SDS score | 6 | 6 | 6 | |
| Williams et al., 1999 (11)3 | Percentage of participants who were depressed at 3 months DSM-III-R criteria | 37% | 46% | -8 percentage points (-21 to 4 percentage points) | |
| Katzelnick et al., 2000 (12) 5 | Percentage of participants who were depressed at 12 months (HAM-D > or = 7) | 55% | 72% | -18 percentage points (-27 to -8 percentage points) | < 0.001 |
| Wells et al., 2000 (24)3 | Percentage of participants who were depressed at 6 months | 55.4% | 64.4% | -9 percentage points (-15 to -3 percentage points) | 0.005 |
| Whooley et al., 2000 (25) 3 | Percentage of participants who were depressed at 24 months (GDS > or = 6) | 42% | 50% | -8 percentage points (-21 to 6 percentage points) | > 0.2 |
| Rost et al., 2001 (13) 5 | Mean change in CES-D score | 21.7 | 13.5 | 8.2 (NR) | < 0.05 |
Note: CES-D indicates Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression scale; DSM-III-R, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Scale; NR, not reported and cannot be calculated from available data; SDS, Self-Depression Scale; SDDS, Symptom-Driven Diagnostic System for Primary Care.
1All figures are rounded to nearest percentage.
2P values were not always reported.
3Denominator is patients who screened positive.
4Denominator is all patients.
5Denominator is patients who screened positive and were confirmed to have major depression on diagnostic interview.
6No data were given; the investigators stated that there was "no difference for those screening positive for any disorder."