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Marine Vessels and Air Quality
On February 1-2, 2001, a conference on marine vessels and air quality was held in San Francisco, CA. This international conference was sponsored by over twenty organizations and attended by over two hundred people. The event provided a unique and collaborative opportunity for federal, state and local air quality regulators, environmental groups, and the maritime industry to focus on national and international air quality concerns related to commercial marine transportation.
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The conference agenda (PDF) (2 pp, 29K) and many of the presentation slides are available in PDF format.Keynote Speaker
Kurt J. Nagle
President and CEO, American Association of Port Authorities
Clear Skies and Smooth Sailing for Port and Marine Vessel Air Quality Issues (PDF)
(5 pp, 12K)
It is critical for ports and marine vessels to adhere to environmental regulations relating to air, land and sea. A number of factors, such as increased trade and larger vessels, will have a major impact on how the industry responds to new regulations. Mr. Nagle will talk about these trends and about the port industry's desire to achieve the proper balance between environmental and economic benefits for local communities.
Session I
Diane C. Mitchell, Ph.D.
Air Pollution Specialist, Air Resources Board
Health Effects of Shipping Related Air Pollutants (PDF) (13 pp, 2.7MB)
The air pollutants produced by marine vessels and carried onshore impact the air quality of coastal communities. The health and environmental effects of the major pollutants produced by maritime fleets will be discussed, with emphasis on the effects of nitrogen oxides, ozone, oxides of sulfur, and particulate matter.
Paul Fischbeck
Professor, Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University
Sources and Transport of Air Pollution from Ships: Current Understanding, Implications, and Trends (PDF) (21 pp, 1.2MB)
This talk presents a background of the factors affecting air pollution from the marine transportation system, focusing on ships. It defines a broad framework that considers the magnitude of the current sources, the transport of the emissions, their potential to affect local and regional air quality. This framework will also address trends in technology, regulations, and research that can affect air Pollution from ships over the near term.
Ravi Tanwar
Senior Engineer, American Bureau of Shipping, Engineering (ABS Americas, Engineering)
Environmental Considerations in the Commercial Marine Industry (PDF) (11 pp, 534K)
This presentation will provide overview of the commercial marine industry's impact on the natural air environment at sea. The discussion will include current marine vessel types and designs, main propulsion and auxiliary equipment and systems, fuels, VOCs and other ozone- depleting substances affecting the marine air pollution. The recent trends and developments in vessel mechanical systems designs, emissions control systems, and national and international regulations in marine air pollution prevention will also be discussed.
Jean Marie Revelt
Environmental Protection Specialist, US Environmental Protection Agency
Commercial Marine Pollution Inventory (PDF) (6 pp, 52K)
Description of the contribution of commercial marine diesel engines to national inventories of air pollution.
Bruce E. Anderson
Principal, Director of Air Quality, Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC
Overview of the Houston-Galveston Area Vessel Emissions Inventory (PDF)
(9 pp, 254K)
The Houston-Galveston Area Vessel Emissions Inventory was the first of its kind in the Gulf Coast Region to extensively look into ocean-going vessels, towboats, and harbor vessels operating in the region. A collaberative team effort involving over 60 individual contributors and their associated companies and organizations provided and updated inventory which dispelled several assumptions used in prior inventories.
Mena Shah
Air Pollution Specialist, California Air Resources Board
Development of Day-Specific Emission Inventory for Ships (PDF) (12 pp, 512K)
This presentation was given by TL Garrett on behalf of Mena Shah. The main objective of this presentation suumarizes efforts to develop a highly resolved spatially and temporally specific emission inventory that can be used to evaluate emission control strategies for ships. This presentation will describe the methods used to create the 1997 marine vessel gridded emission inventory for Southern California, with a resolution of 2-kilometer grid cells.
SESSION II
Joseph J. Cox
President, Chamber of Shipping of America
"Shipping Industry Views on Environmental Regulations"
A copy of the presentation is unavailable at this time.
Timothy A. French
Counsel, Engine Manufacturers Association
Marine Engine Manufacturers' Perspectives on Environmental Regulations (PDF) (13 pp, 62K)
Engine manufacturers face significant challenges and resource limitations in developing and implementing emission control technologies for myriad different engine applications. In light of these challenges, it is essential that engine emission standards be implemented to allow technologies to transfer in an orderly manner from on-highway applications, to nonroad applications, and then to marine applications.
Russell Long, Ph.D.
Executive Director, Bluewater Network
Environmental Community View of Environmental Regulations (PDF) (6 pp, 30K)
Presentation centers on the legal, regulatory and other consequences related to a recent lawsuit by Bluewater Network, as well as environmental community recommendations regarding potential methods for reducing ship emissions in the US and globally.
Session III
Peggy Taricco
Manager, Technical Analysis Section, Air Resources Board
Air Quality and Marine Vessels: The California Perspective (PDF) (12 pp, 1.2MB)
Presentation discusses efforts to reduce emissions from marine vessels, which special emphasis on efforts in southern California.
Wade M. Battles
Managing Director, Port of Houston Authority
Maritime Impacts of the Houston-Galveston State Implementation Plan (PDF) (11 pp, 334K)
Presentation discusses efforts to reduce emissions from marine vessels at the Port of Houston.
Jean Marie Revelt
Environmental Protection Specialist, US Environmental Protection Agency
Federal and International Regulations and Treaties (PDF) (12 pp, 80K)
Description of EPA and international environmental emission control programs.
Wade M. Battles
Managing Director, Port of Houston Authority
Port of Houston Authority's Strategies for Meeting Environmental Requirements (PDF) (12 pp, 204K)
Presentation discusses strategies to reduce emissions from sources associated with the Port of Houston.
Michael Carter
Director of the Office of Environmental Activities, U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration (MARAD)
Marine Vessel and Air Quality: Department of Transportation and Maritime Administration Activities and Prospective (PDF) (15 pp, 198K)
Presentation discusses Department of Transportation's activities relating to air pollution from marine vessels.
TL Garrett
Environmental Supervisor, City of Los Angeles Environmental Affairs Department, Air Quality Division
Local Control of Global Sources, Strategies for Marine Emission Reductions (PDF) (10 pp, 1.0MB)
Presentation discusses a summary of the available emission reduction measures under consideration for the San Pedro Bay (CA) ports and some thoughts on future emission control strategies for the marine industry.
Henry Hogo
Planning and Rules Manager, South Coast Air Quality Management District
Going Beyond Traditional Strategies to Meet Environmental Requirements (PDF)
(12 pp, 3.9MB)
This presentation looks at some of the activities in and around San Pedro Bay (CA) ports and examines potential innovative strategies that will lead to further emission reduction from marine vessels and at ports.
Timothy A. French
Counsel, Engine Manufacturers Association
"Commercially Available and Emerging Pollution Control Technologies"
A copy of the presentation is unavailable at this time.
Stefan Lemieszewski
Head of Division of Environmental Affairs and Marine Technology, Swedish "National Maritime Administration"
"Applied NOx-reducing technology under the Swedish Incentive Scheme"
A copy of the presentation is unavailable at this time.
Daniel Paro
Senior Vice President, Wärtsilä Corporation, Technology
Today's and Tomorrow's Emission Control Technologies for Large Marine Engines (PDF) (48 pp, 5.7MB)
Presentation describes currently available technologies for emission control of large marine engines, e.g. low NOx combustion, direct water injection, and selective catalytic reduction. Future technologies, e.g. combustion air saturation, hot combustion, and diesel combined cycle are outlined. Comments are also given on alternative fuels like natural gas and Orimulsion®.
John C. Hedrick
Senior Research Engineer, Engine & Vehicle Research Division Southwest Research Institute
Emerging Technologies for Marine Engine Emissions Control (PDF) (15 pp, 1.4MB)
This presentation discusses some emerging technologies that can be applied to marine engines in the near term and other technologies that will take longer to be applied to this class of engine.
Donald Hoffman
Cell Technical Manager, Naval Sea Systems Command
Marine Fuel Cells (PDF) (12 pp, 4.3MB)
The presentation discuss the U.S. Navy's Office of Naval Research and the Naval Sea Systems Command initiated an advanced development program to demonstrate a marine-distillate fuelled Ship Service Fuel Cell power generation module.
Stefan Lemieszewski
Head of Division of Environmental Affairs and Marine Technology Swedish National Maritime Administration
"The Swedish Incentive System: Curbing NOx and SOx emissions the Swedish way and its results and implications"
A copy of the presentation is unavailable at this time.
Louis Browning
Principal, Arthur D. Little Inc.
Economic Incentives for Marine Vessels (PDF) (10 pp, 98K)
Economic incentive programs for marine vessels are explained in this presentation. These include the Carl Moyer Program, Mobile Source Emission Reduction Credits (MERCs), Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Program (CMAQ) incentives, tax credits, and legislative efforts. Each program is described and examples of funded projects related to marine vessels and ports are given.
Bruce E. Anderson
Principal, Director of Air Quality, Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC
Overview of the Texas Diesel Emission Reduction Progra (PDF) (7 pp, 170K)
As part of the State Implementation Plan (SIP), Texas regulators, stakeholders, and local agencies are looking to develop a incentive program that will help bridge the gap between existing equipment and the incorporation of significant post 2007 equipment in order to demonstrate attainment. This presentation provides an overview of the development of the Texas program.