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long-term data from the USGS-BRD mangrove hydrology sampling network in everglades national park
Long-Term Data from the USGS-BRD Mangrove Hydrology Sampling Network in Everglades National Park
Poster presented April 2003, at the Greater Everglades Ecosystem Restoration Conference
Gordon H. Anderson1 and Thomas J. Smith III2
1U.S. Geological Survey
FISC-Center for Water and Restoration Studies
Everglades Field Station.
40001 S.R. 9336
Homestead, Fl 33034
email: gordon_anderson@usgs.gov |
2U.S. Geological Survey
FISC-Center for Water and Restoration Studies
c/o Center for Coastal & Watershed Studies
600 4th St. South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
email: tom_j_smith@usgs.gov |
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| Figure 1. |
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Figure 2. |
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• In 1992 this project was proposed by the National Park Service and University of Virginia and funded through the Global Climate Change Research Program. In 1994, Project was transferred to the National Biological Survey and subsequently merged into the USGS in 1996. Dr. Thomas J Smith III is the GCC project principal investigator.
• Study Hypothesis: Changes in coastal hydrology, caused by rising sea level rise and changes in freshwater discharge related to climate change over inland areas will contribute to greater changes in the vegetation and soil at the coastal mangrove/freshwater marsh interface or ecotone.
• The Mangrove hydrology network is comprised of 17 gages located on the southwest coast and C111 basin of Everglades National Park. (figure 1.)
• There are Five Transects: Three on the southwest coast: Shark, Lostman and Chatham. Two transects are within the C111 basin. The Shark Transect (SH1, SH2, SH3, SH4 SH5 and BSC) is the principal transect since it follows the Shark Slough/Shark River.
• Meso-scale sites SH1, SH2 and SH3 are the focus of this presentation (figure 2).
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Shark River Transect
[larger image]
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• Each gage station monitors hourly surface water and groundwater levels, salinity (_S) and temperature. Rainfall is collected at sites without tree canopies. Figure 3.
• Water quality and pore water salinity and temperature are sampled periodically.
• Hydrology monitored since 1995. Table 1. Daily surface water levels. Figure 4.
• Hourly surface and ground, salinity (_S) and temperature water levels (two week time series) Figure 5.
• The principal influence on daily (sub-tidal) water levels at SH1 is rainfall and freshwater discharges, at SH2 it is surface flow and tides, and SH3 diurnal tides. Table 2.
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| Table 1. Hydrologic Parameters – Period of Record |
| Station |
Groundwater Conductivity |
Surface Water Conductivity |
Groundwater Level |
Rain |
Surface Water Level |
Groundwater Temperature |
Surface Water Temperature |
| |
start
|
end
|
start
|
end
|
start
|
end
|
start
|
end
|
start
|
end
|
start
|
end
|
start
|
end
|
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SH1
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
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Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Feb-95
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Feb-95
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
|
SH2
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Nov-94
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Nov-94
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
|
SH3
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Jun-95
|
Apr-03
|
N/A
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N/A
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Apr-95
|
Apr-03
|
Jan-95
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
|
SH4
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Jan-95
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Apr-03
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N/A
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N/A
|
Jan-95
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
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SH5
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
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Apr-96
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Jan-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
|
Oct-95
|
Apr-03
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Oct-95
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Apr-03
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Oct-95
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Apr-03
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Oct-95
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Apr-03
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BSC
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N/A
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N/A
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Oct-00
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Apr-03
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N/A
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N/A
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Oct-00
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Apr-03
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Oct-00
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Apr-03
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N/A
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N/A
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Oct-00
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Apr-03
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Figure 4.
SH1, SH2, SH3 Daily Surface Water Levels WY 1996-2002 |
[larger image] |
| Figure 5. |
SH1 Specific Conductance
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SH1 Water Levels
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SH2 Specific Conductance
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SH2 Water Levels
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SH3 Specific Conductance
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SH3 Water Levels
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| Click on each of the graphs above to view a larger image. |
| Table 2. Station’s Correlation to Sea Level |
| Non-parametric correlation (Kendall Tau) reveals primary resources of variation in daily averaged surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) fluctuations. (Boldface indicates significance at the p<0.01 levels)* |
| Station |
P35 |
Sea Level |
SL High |
Rainfall |
| S1 |
SW |
0.52 |
-0.22 |
0.09 |
0.61 |
| GW |
0.48 |
-0.21 |
-0.08 |
0.65 |
| S2 |
SW |
0.27 |
0.44 |
0.48 |
0.07 |
| GW |
0.32 |
0.41 |
0.45 |
0.11 |
| S3 |
SW |
0.18 |
0.46 |
0.58 |
-0.06 |
| GW |
0.20 |
0.45 |
0.53 |
0.06 |
| *(Data analysis provided by W. K. Nuttle) |
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• Seven year time series hydrology data set. Shark transect hydrology data (WY 1996-2002) to be released in USGS publication OF-02-457 (publication pending, in review). Provisional data locally available.
• Development of common vertical reference for entire southwest gage networks - including NPS and other USGS gages.
• Secondary scientific investigations by authors, support staff and collaborators.
• Data from sampling sites provides real numbers for resource managers and decision makers; baseline physical data for a variety of meaningful ancillary scientific studies; and to assist with the calibration of everglades restoration models.
• Productive integration efforts with ALL Florida USGS centers, divisions and with USGS research staff at Reston, Denver, Lafayette, Patuxent, and Menlo Park. Strong collaboration with our principal client Everglades National Park - especially via CESI and CERP programs. And close association with Florida International University through SERC and LTER; University of Florida, University of Miami, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Yale University, University of Virginia, University of South Florida, Wageningen University and Larenstein College.
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Related information:
SOFIA Project: Understanding and Predicting Global Climate Change Impacts on the Vegetation and Fauna of Mangrove Forested Wetlands in Florida
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