Table 2. Proportion of Medicare Beneficiaries' Income Spent on Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditures by Insurance Type

Insurance coverage Out-of-pocket costs
Medicaid 8.4%
Medicare HMO 14.8%
Private HMO 15.7%
Employer sponsored 16.1%
Medicare only 23.0%
Self-purchased 25.5%

Note: HMO—health maintenance organization.

Source: Crystal S, Johnson RW, Harman J, et al. Out-of-pocket health care costs among older Americans. J Gerontol 2000; 55B(1):S51-62.

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