Table 6.21. Meta-analysis (2000): Effectiveness of and estimated abstinence rates for acupuncture (n = 5 studies)

Clavel F, Benhamou S, Company-Huertas A. Helping people to stop smoking: randomized comparison of groups being treated with acupuncture and nicotine gum with control group. Br Med J 1985;291(6508):1538-9.

Clavel-Chapelon F, Paoletti C, Benhamou S. Smoking cessation rates 4 years after treatment by nicotine gum and acupuncture. Prev Med 1997;26(1):25-8.

Cottraux JA, Harf R, Boissel JP, et al. Smoking cessation with behaviour therapy or acupuncture—A controlled study. Behav Res Ther 1983;21(4):417-24.

Lamontagne Y, Annable L, Gagnon MA. Acupuncture for smokers: lack of long-term therapeutic effect in a controlled study. Can Med Assoc J 1980;122(7):787-90.

White AR, Resch KL, Ernst E. Randomized trial of acupuncture for nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Arch Intern Med 1998;158(20):2251-5.

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Table 6.22. Meta-analysis (2008): Effectiveness of and estimated abstinence rates for the combination of counseling and medication versus medication alone (n = 18 studies)

Alterman AI, Gariti P, Mulvaney F. Short- and long-term smoking cessation for three levels of intensity of behavioral treatment. Psychol Addict Behav 2001;15:261-4.

Fagerstrom KO. Effects of nicotine chewing gum and follow-up appointments in physician-based smoking cessation. Prev Med 1984;13:517-27.

Fiore MC, McCarthy DE, Jackson TC, et al. Integrating smoking cessation treatment into primary care: an effectiveness study. Prev Med 2004;38:412-20.

Ginsberg D, Hall SM, Rosinski M. Partner support, psychological treatment, and nicotine gum in smoking treatment: an incremental study. Int J Addict 1992;27:503-14.

Hall SM, Humfleet GL, Reus VI, et al. Extended nortriptyline and psychological treatment for cigarette smoking. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:2100-7.

Hall SM, Humfleet GL, Reus VI, et al. Psychological intervention and antidepressant treatment in smoking cessation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:930-6.

Hall SM, Reus VI, Munoz RF, et al. Nortriptyline and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of cigarette smoking. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55(8):683-90.

Huber D. Combined and separate treatment effects of nicotine chewing gum and self-control method. Pharmacopsychiatry 1988;21:461-2.

Jorenby DE, Smith SS, Fiore MC, et al. Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling. JAMA 1995;274:1347-52.

Lifrak P, Gariti P, Alterman AI, et al. Results of two levels of adjunctive treatment used with the nicotine patch. Am J Addict 1997;6:93-8.

Macleod ZR, Charles MA, Arnaldi VC, et al. Telephone counselling as an adjunct to nicotine patches in smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust 2003;179:349-52.

Reid RD, Pipe A, Dafoe WA. Is telephone counselling a useful addition to physician advice and nicotine replacement therapy in helping patients to stop smoking? A randomized controlled trial. Can Med Assoc J 1999;160:1577-81.

Roozen HG, Van Beers SE, Weevers HJ, et al. Effects on smoking cessation: naltrexone combined with a cognitive behavioral treatment based on the community reinforcement approach. Subst Use Misuse 2006;41:45-60.

Simon JA, Carmody TP, Hudes ES, et al. Intensive smoking cessation counseling versus minimal counseling among hospitalized smokers treated with transdermal nicotine replacement: a randomized trial. Am J Med 2003;114:555-62.

Slovinec D'Angelo ME, Reid RD, Hotz S, et al. Is stress management training a useful addition to physician advice and nicotine replacement therapy during smoking cessation in women? Results of a randomized trial. Am J Health Promot 2005;20(2):127-34.

Solomon LJ, Marcy T, Howe KD, et al. Does extended proactive telephone support increase smoking cessation among low-income women using nicotine patches? Prev Med 2005;40:306-13.

Solomon LJ, Scharoun GM, Flynn BS, et al. Free nicotine patches plus proactive telephone peer support to help low-income women stop smoking. Prev Med 2000;31:68-74.

Swan GE, McAfee T, Curry SJ, et al. Effectiveness of bupropion sustained release for smoking cessation in a health care setting: a randomized trial. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2337-44.

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Table 6.23. Meta-analysis (2008): Effectiveness of and estimated abstinence rates for the number of sessions of counseling in combination with medication versus medication alone (n = 18 studies)

Alterman AI, Gariti P, Mulvaney F. Short- and long-term smoking cessation for three levels of intensity of behavioral treatment. Psychol Addict Behav 2001;15:261-4.

Fagerstrom KO. Effects of nicotine chewing gum and follow-up appointments in physician-based smoking cessation. Prev Med 1984;13:517-27.

Fiore MC, McCarthy DE, Jackson TC, et al. Integrating smoking cessation treatment into primary care: an effectiveness study. Prev Med 2004;38:412-20.

Ginsberg D, Hall SM, Rosinski M. Partner support, psychological treatment, and nicotine gum in smoking treatment: an incremental study. Int J Addict 1992;27:503-14.

Hall SM, Humfleet GL, Reus VI, et al. Extended nortriptyline and psychological treatment for cigarette smoking. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:2100-7.

Hall SM, Humfleet GL, Reus VI, et al. Psychological intervention and antidepressant treatment in smoking cessation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:930-6.

Hall SM, Reus VI, Munoz RF, et al. Nortriptyline and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of cigarette smoking. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55(8):683-90.

Huber D. Combined and separate treatment effects of nicotine chewing gum and self-control method. Pharmacopsychiatry 1988;21:461-2.

Jorenby DE, Smith SS, Fiore MC, et al. Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling. JAMA 1995;274:1347-52.

Lifrak P, Gariti P, Alterman AI, et al. Results of two levels of adjunctive treatment used with the nicotine patch. Am J Addict 1997;6:93-8.

Macleod ZR, Charles MA, Arnaldi VC, et al. Telephone counselling as an adjunct to nicotine patches in smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust 2003;179:349-52.

Reid RD, Pipe A, Dafoe WA. Is telephone counselling a useful addition to physician advice and nicotine replacement therapy in helping patients to stop smoking? A randomized controlled trial. Can Med Assoc J 1999;160:1577-81.

Roozen HG, Van Beers SE, Weevers HJ, et al. Effects on smoking cessation: naltrexone combined with a cognitive behavioral treatment based on the community reinforcement approach. Subst Use Misuse 2006;41(1):45-60.

Simon JA, Carmody TP, Hudes ES, et al. Intensive smoking cessation counseling versus minimal counseling among hospitalized smokers treated with transdermal nicotine replacement: a randomized trial. Am J Med 2003;114:555-62.

Slovinec D'Angelo ME, Reid RD, Hotz S, et al. Is stress management training a useful addition to physician advice and nicotine replacement therapy during smoking cessation in women? Results of a randomized trial. Am J Health Promot 2005;20(2):127-34.

Solomon LJ, Marcy TW, Howe KD, et al. Does extended proactive telephone support increase smoking cessation among low-income women using nicotine patches? Prev Med 2005;40:306-13.

Solomon LJ, Scharoun GM, Flynn BS, et al. Free nicotine patches plus proactive telephone peer support to help low-income women stop smoking. Prev Med 2000;31:68-74.

Swan GE, McAfee T, Curry SJ, et al. Effectiveness of bupropion sustained release for smoking cessation in a healthcare setting: a randomized trial. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2337-44.

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Table 6.24. Meta-analysis (2008): Effectiveness of and estimated abstinence rates for the combination of counseling and medication versus counseling alone (n = 9 studies)

Fagerstrom KO. Effects of nicotine chewing gum and follow-up appointments in physician-based smoking cessation. Prev Med 1984;13:517-27.

Hall SM, Tunstall C, Rugg D, et al. Nicotine gum and behavioral treatment in smoking cessation. J Consult Clin Psychol 1985;53:256-8.

Hand S, Edwards S, Campbell IA, et al. Controlled trial of three weeks nicotine replacement treatment in hospital patients also given advice and support. Thorax 2002;57:715-8.

Huber D. Combined and separate treatment effects of nicotine chewing gum and self-control method. Pharmacopsychiatry 1988;21:461-2.

Killen JD, Maccoby N, Taylor CB. Nicotine gum and self-regulation training in smoking relapse prevention. Behav Ther 1984;15:234-48.

Molyneux A, Lewis S, Leivers U, et al. Clinical trial comparing nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) plus brief counselling, brief counselling alone, and minimal intervention on smoking cessation in hospital inpatients. Thorax 2003;58(6):484-8.

Ockene JK, Kristeller J, Goldberg R, et al. Increasing the efficacy of physician-delivered smoking interventions: a randomized clinical trial. J Gen Intern Med 1991;6:1-8.

Prapavessis H, Cameron L, Baldi JC, et al. The effects of exercise and nicotine replacement therapy on smoking rates in women. Addict Behav 2007;32(7):1416-32.

Swanson NA, Burroughs CC, Long MA, et al. Controlled trial for smoking cessation in a Navy shipboard population using nicotine patch, sustained-release bupropion, or both. Mil Med 2003;168:830-4.

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Table 6.26. Meta-analysis (2008): Effectiveness and abstinence rates for various medications and medication combinations compared to placebo at 6-months post-quit (n = 86 studies)

Abelin T, Buehler A, Muller P, et al. Controlled trial of transdermal nicotine patch in tobacco withdrawal. Lancet 1989;1:7-10.

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Ahluwalia JS, Okuyemi K, Nollen N, et al. The effects of nicotine gum and counseling among African American light smokers: a 2 x 2 factorial design. Addiction 2006;101:883-91.

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Aubin HJ, Lebargy F, Berlin I, et al. Efficacy of bupropion and predictors of successful outcome in a sample of French smokers: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Addiction 2004;99:1206-18.

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Bohadana A, Nilsson F, Rasmussen T, et al. Nicotine inhaler and nicotine patch as a combination therapy for smoking cessation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3128-34.

Cinciripini PM, Tsoh JY, Wetter DW, et al. Combined effects of venlafaxine, nicotine replacement, and brief counseling on smoking cessation. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2005;13(4):282-92.

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Covey LS, Glassman AH, Stetner F, et al. A randomized trial of sertraline as a cessation aid for smokers with a history of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:1731-7.

Croghan GA, Sloan JA, Croghan IT, et al. Comparison of nicotine patch alone versus nicotine nasal spray alone versus a combination for treating smokers: a minimal intervention, randomized multicenter trial in a nonspecialized setting. Nicotine Tob Res 2003;5(2):181-7.

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Glassman AH, Stetner F, Walsh BT, et al. Heavy smokers, smoking cessation, and clonidine. Results of a double-blind, randomized trial. JAMA 1988;259:2863-6.

Gonzales D, Rennard SI, Nides M, et al. Varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006;296(1):47-55.

Gonzales DH, Nides MA, Ferry LH, et al. Bupropion SR as an aid to smoking cessation in smokers treated previously with bupropion: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;69(6):438-44.

Gourlay SG, Forbes A, Marriner T, et al. Double blind trial of repeated treatment with transdermal nicotine for relapsed smokers. Br Med J 1995;311:363-6.

Haggstram FM, Chatkin JM, Sussenbach-Vaz E, et al. A controlled trial of nortriptyline, sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation: preliminary results. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2006;19:205-9.

Hall SM, Humfleet GL, Reus VI, et al. Psychological intervention and antidepressant treatment in smoking cessation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:930-6.

Hall SM, Humfleet GL, Reus VI, et al. Extended nortriptyline and psychological treatment for cigarette smoking. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:2100-7.

Hall SM, Munoz RF, Reus VI, et al. Mood management and nicotine gum in smoking treatment: a therapeutic contact and placebo-controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996;64(5):1003-9.

Hall SM, Tunstall CD, Ginsberg D, et al. Nicotine gum and behavioral treatment: a placebo controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 1987;55:603-5.

Hays JT, Croghan IT, Schroeder DR, et al. Over-the-counter nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation: results from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and open label trials. Am J Public Health 1999;89(11):1701-7.

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Hjalmarson A, Franzon M, Westin A, et al. Effect of nicotine nasal spray on smoking cessation. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:2567-72.

Hjalmarson A, Nilsson F, Sjostrom L, et al. The nicotine inhaler in smoking cessation. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:1721-8.

Holt S, Timu-Parata C, Ryder-Lewis S, et al. Efficacy of bupropion in the indigenous Maori population in New Zealand. Thorax 2005;60:120-3.

Hughes JR, Lesmes GR, Hatsukami DK, et al. Are higher doses of nicotine replacement more effective for smoking cessation? Nicotine Tob Res 1999;1(2):169-74.

Hughes JR, Novy P, Hatsukami DK, et al. Efficacy of nicotine patch in smokers with a history of alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003;27:946-54.

Hurt RD, Dale LC, Fredrickson PA, et al. Nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation combined with physician advice and nurse follow-up. One-year outcome and percentage of nicotine replacement. JAMA 1994;271(8):595-600.

Hurt RD, Sachs DP, Glover ED, et al. A comparison of sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation. New Engl J Med 1997;337(17):1195-202.

Jensen EJ, Schmidt E, Pedersen B, et al. The effect of nicotine, silver acetate, and placebo chewing gum on the cessation of smoking. The influence of smoking type and nicotine dependence. Int J Addict 1991;26:1223-31.

Jorenby DE, Hays JT, Rigotti NA, et al. Efficacy of varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs placebo or sustained-release bupropion for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006;296(1):56-63.

Jorenby DE, Leischow SJ, Nides MA, et al. A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation. New Engl J Med 1999;340(9):685-91.

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Killen JD, Fortmann SP, Murphy Jr GM, et al. Extended treatment with bupropion SR for cigarette smoking cessation. J Consult Clin Psychol 2006;74:286-94.

Killen JD, Fortmann SP, Newman B, et al. Evaluation of a treatment approach combining nicotine gum with self-guided behavioral treatments for smoking relapse prevention. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990;58:85-92.

Killen JD, Fortmann SP, Schatzberg AF, et al. Nicotine patch and paroxetine for smoking cessation. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000;68:883-9.

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Leischow SJ, Nilsson F, Franzon M, et al. Efficacy of the nicotine inhaler as an adjunct to smoking cessation. Am J Health Behav 1996;20(5):364-71.

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*Article contributed two studies to the meta-analysis

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