Tracer Tests

The use and development of tracer tests to study contaminant transport and fate

Abbott, M., Einerson, J., Schuster, P., Susong, D., and Taylor, H.E., 2004,

Trace elements and common ions in southeastern Idaho snow--Regional air pollutant traces for source area emissions: Fuel Processing Technology, v. 85, no. 6-7, p. 657-671, doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.013.

Abudalo, R.A., Bogatsu, Y.G., Ryan, J.N., Harvey, R.W., Metge, D.W., and Elimelech, M., 2005,

The effect of ferric oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacteriophage PRD1 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in saturated porous media: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 39, no. 17, p. 6412-6419, doi:10.1021/es050159h.

Ball, J.W., Runkel, R.L., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2005,

Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 12. Geochemical and reactive-transport modeling based on tracer injection-synoptic sampling studies for the Red river, New Mexico, 2001-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5149, 78 p.

Barber, L.B., 2002,

Long term fate of organic micro-pollutants in the subsurface environment, Cape Cod, Massachusetts--From field studies to experimentation, in Aiken, G.R., and Kuniansky, E.L., eds., U.S. Geological Survey artificial Recharge Workshop Proceedings, Sacramento, California, April 2-4, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-89, p. 34-37.

Barber, L.B., II, and Leenheer, J.A., 1991,

Use of azaarene tracers to evaluate fracture flow from an in-situ oil-shale retort, Rock Springs, Wyoming, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 175-181.

Barlow, P.M., 1987,

The use of temperature as a ground-water tracer in glacial outwash: Tucson, University of Arizona, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, unpublished M.S. thesis, 141 p.

Bayless, E.R., Bullen, T.D., and Fitzpatrick, J.A., 2004,

Use of ⁸⁷SR/⁸⁶Sr and δ ¹¹B to identify slag-affected sediment in southern Lake Michigan: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 38, no. 5, p. 1330-1337, doi:10.1021/es0347843.

Becker, M.W., Reimus, P. W., and Vilks, P., 1999,

Transport and attenuation of carboxylate-modified latex microspheres in fractured rock laboratory and field tracer tests: Ground Water, v. 37, no. 3, p. 387-395.

Becker, M.W., and Shapiro, A.M., 2000,

Tracer transport in fractured crystalline rock--Evidence of nondiffusive breakthrough tailing: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 7, p. 1677-1686, 2000WR900080, doi:10.1029/2000WR900080.

Bedient, P.B., Rifai, H.S., and Newell, C.J., 1999,

Natural gradient tracer test, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Bedient, P.B., Rifai, H.S., and Newell, C.J., eds., Ground water contamination transport and remediation--Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, p. 193-198 (section 6.10.2).

Bencala, K.E., 1985,

Performance of sodium as a transport tracer experimental and simulation analysis, in Subitzky, S., ed., Selected Papers in the Hydrologic Sciences, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2270, p. 83-89.

Bencala, K.E., McKnight, D.M., Zellweger, G.W., and Goad, J., 1986,

The stability of Rhodamine WT dye in trial studies of solute transport in an acidic and metal-rich stream, in Subitzky, S., ed., Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2310, p. 87-95.

Bencala, K.E., Rathbun, R.E., Jackman, A.P., Kennedy, V.C., Zellweger, G.W., and Avanzino, R.J., 1983,

Rhodamine-WT dye losses in a mountain stream environment: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 19, p. 943-950.

Böhlke, J.K., 2006,

Tracemodel1 - Excel workbook for calculation and presentation of environmental tracer data for simple groundwater mixtures, in IAEA, ed., IAEA guidebook on the use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology, Appendix III: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 229-233, ISBN:92-0-100805-8.

Böhlke, J.K., Harvey, J.W., and Voytek, M.A., 2004,

Reach-scale isotope tracer experiment to quantify denitrification and related processes in a nitrate-rich stream, midcontinent United States: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 49, no. 3, p. 821-838.

Böhlke, J.K., Smith, R.L., and Miller, D.N., 2006,

Ammonium transport and reaction in contaminated groundwater--Application of isotope tracers and isotope fractionation studies: Water Resources Research, v. 42, W05411, doi:10.1029/2005WR004349.

Bradley, P.M., Barber, L.B., Kolpin, D.W., McMahon, P.B., and Chapelle, F.H., 2007,

Biotransformation of caffeine, cotinine, and nicotine in stream sediments--Implications for use as wastewater indicators: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 6, p. 1116-1121, doi:10.1897/06-483R.1.

Broerman, J., Basset, R.L., Weeks, E.P., and Borgstrom, M., 1997,

Estimation of Al, velocity, Kd, and confidence limits from tracer injection data: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1066-1067.

Brooks, M.H., Smith, R.L., and Garabedian, S.P., 1996,

Small-scale tracer tests applied to the measurement of in situ denitrification rates in a sewage-contaminated aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 243-248.

Broshears, R.E., Bencala, K.E., Kimball, B.A., and McKnight, D.M., 1992,

Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain streams, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4081, 18 p.

Broshears, R.E., Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R.L., 1996,

Simulation of reactive transport during a pH modification experiment in a mountain stream affected by acid mine drainage, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 781-788.

Broshears, R.E., Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Bencala, K.E., and McKnight, D.M., 1996,

Reactive solute transport in an acidic stream--Experimental pH increase and simulation of controls on pH, aluminum, and iron: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 10, p. 3016-24, doi:10.1021/es960055u.

Bullen, T.D., and Bailey, S.W., 2005,

Identifying calcium sources at an acid deposition-impacted spruce forest--A strontium isotope, alkaline earth element multi-tracer approach: Biogeochemistry, v. 74, no. 1, p. 63-99, doi:10.1007/s10533-004-2619-z.

Bullen, T.D., and Kendall, C., 1998,

Tracing of weathering reactions and water flowpaths--A multi-isotope approach, in Kendall, C., and McDonnell, J.J., eds., Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 611-646.

Bullen, T.D., White, A.F., Childs, C.W., and Horita, J., 2001,

Reducing ambiguity in isotopic studies using a multi-tracer approach, in Cidu, R., ed., Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium WRI-10, Vallasimius, Italy, June 10-15, 2001: A.A. Balkema, v. 1, p. 19-28.

Burow, K.R., Constantz, J., and Fujii, R., 2005,

Heat as a tracer to estimate dissolved organic carbon flux from a restored wetland: Ground Water, v. 43, no. 4, p. 545-556, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0055.x.

Burton, W.C., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Lindsey, B.D., and Gburek, W.J., 2002,

Influence of fracture anisotropy on ground water ages and chemistry, Valley and Ridge Province, Pennsylvania: Ground Water, v. 40, no. 3, p. 242-257, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02652.x.

Busenberg, E., and Plummer, L.N., 2006,

Potential use of other atmospheric gases (chapter 10), in IAEA, ed., Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology--A guidebook: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 183-190.

Busenberg, E., and Plummer, L.N., 2000,

Dating young groundwater with sulfur hexafluoride--Natural and anthropogenic sources of sulfur hexafluoride: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 10, p. 3011-3030, 2000WR900151, doi:10.1029/2000WR900151.

Busenberg, E., and Plummer, L.N., 1992,

Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as hydrologic tracers and age-dating tools--The alluvium and terrace system of central Oklahoma: Water Resources Research, v. 28, p. 2257-2283, 92WR01263, doi:10.1029/92WR01263.

Busenberg, E., and Plummer, L.N., 1991,

Chloroflurocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2)--Use as an age-dating tool and hydrologic tracer in shallow ground-water streams, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 542-547.

Busenberg, E., Plummer, L.N., and Bartholomay, R.C., 2001,

Estimated age and source of the young fraction of ground water at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4265, 144 p.

Busenberg, E., Plummer, L.N., Bartholomay, R.C., and Wayland, J.E., 1998,

Chlorofluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and dissolved permanent gases in ground water from selected sites at and near the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1994-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-274, 72 p.

Busenberg, E., Plummer, L.N., Cook, P.G., Solomon, D.K., Han, L.F., Gröning, M., and Oster, H., 2006,

Sampling and analytical methods (chapter 12), in IAEA, ed., Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology--A guidebook: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 199-220.

Canuel, E.A., Cloern, J.E., Ringelberg, D.B., Guckert, J.B., and Rau, G.H., 1995,

Molecular and isotopic tracers used to examine sources of organic matter and its incorporation into the food webs of San Francisco Bay: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 40, no. 1, p. 67-81.

Chang, C.C.Y., Kendall, C., Silva, S.R., Battaglin, W.A., and Campbell, D.H., 2002,

Nitrate stable isotopes--Tools for determining nitrate sources among different land uses in the Mississippi River Basin: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 59, no. 12, p. 1874-1885, doi:10.1139/f02-153.

Cho, H.J., Jaffe, P.R., and Smith, J.A., 1991,

Design of a field experiment to study the dynamics of trichloroethylene vapors in the unsaturated zone during an infiltration event, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 721-725.

Cho, H.J., Smith, J.A., and Jaffé, P.R., 1996,

Simulation of trichloroethylene volatilization in the unsaturated zone during a field infiltration experiment at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 1, p. 315-320.

Church, S.E., Owen, J.R., von Guerard, P., Verplanck, P.L., Kimball, B.A., and Yager, D.B., 2007,

The effects of acidic mine drainage from historical mines in the Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado--What is being done and what can be done to improve water quality?, in DeGraff, J.V., ed., Understanding and responding to hazardous substances at mine sites in the western United States: Boulder, Colo., Geological Society of America, p. 47-83, ISBN:9780813741178.

Cleasby, T.E., Nimick, D.A., and Kimball, B.A., 2000,

Quantification of metal loads by tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods in Cataract Creek, Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4237, 39 p.

Constantz, J., 1998,

Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1609-1615, 98WR00998, doi:10.1029/98WR00998.

Constantz, J., Cox, M.H., Sarma, L., and Mendez, G., 2003,

The Santa Clara River--The last natural river of Los Angeles, in Stonestrom, D.A., and Constantz, J., eds., Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1260, p. 21-27.

Constantz, J., Cox, M.H., and Su, G.W., 2003,

Comparison of heat and bromide as ground-water tracers near streams: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 5, p. 647-656, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02403.x.

Constantz, J., Jasperse, J., Seymour, D., and Su, G.W., 2003,

Heat tracing in the streambed along the Russian River of northern California, in Stonestrom, D.A., and Constantz, J., eds., Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1260, p. 17-20.

Constantz, J., Niswonger, R., and Stewart, A.E., 1999,

The use of heat as a tracer to estimate recharge beneath streams and artificial recharge ponds, in Bartlett, R.D., ed., Artificial Recharge of Groundwater: American Society of Civil Engineers, p. 193-203.

Constantz, J., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2003,

Heat as a tracer of water movement near streams, in Stonestrom, D.A., and Constantz, J., eds., Heat as a tool for studying the movement of ground water near streams: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1260, p. 1-6.

Constantz, J., Su, G.W., and Hatch, C., 2006,

Heat as a ground water tracer at the Russian River RBF facility, Sonoma County, California, in Hubbs, S.A., ed., Riverbank Filtration Hydrology: Dordrecht, Springer, p. 243-259, ISBN:978-1-4020-3937-9.

Constantz, J., and Thomas, C.L., 1997,

Stream bed temperature profiles as indicators of percolation characteristics beneath arroyos in the Middle Rio Grande Basin, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 12, p. 1621-1634, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19971015)11:12<1621::AID-HYP493>3.0.CO;2-X.

Constantz, J., and Thomas, C.L., 1996,

The use of streambed temperature profiles to estimate the depth, duration, and rate of percolation beneath arroyos: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 12, p. 3597-3602, 96WR03014, doi:10.1029/96WR03014.

Constantz, J., Thomas, C.L., and Zellweger, G., 1994,

Influence of diurnal variations in stream temperature on streamflow loss and groundwater recharge: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 12, p. 3253-3264, 94WR01968, doi:10.1029/94WR01968.

Constantz, J., Tyler, S., and Kwicklis, E., 2003,

Temperature-profile methods for estimating percolation rates in arid environments: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 2, no. 1, p. 12-24, doi:10.2113/2.1.12.

Constantz, J., and Zellweger, G., 1995,

Relations between stream temperature discharge, and stream/groundwater interaction along several mountain streams, in Guy, B.T., and Bernard, J., eds., Mountain Hydrology: Ontario, Canada, Canadian Water Resources Association, p. 79-85.

Constantz, J.E., Stonestrom, D.A., Stewart, A.E., Niswonger, R.G., and Smith, T.R., 2001,

Analysis of streambed temperatures in ephemeral channels to determine streamflow frequency and duration: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 2, p. 317-328, 2000WR900271, doi:10.1029/2000WR900271.

Cook, P.G., and Böhlke, J.K., 2000,

Determining timescales for groundwater flow and solute transport, in Cook, P.G., and Herczeg, A., eds., Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology: Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 1-30.

Cook, P.G., Plummer, L.N., Solomon, D.K., Busenberg, E., and Han, L.F., 2006,

Effects and processes that can modify apparent CFC age (chapter 4), in IAEA, ed., Chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology--A guidebook: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 31-58, ISBN:92-0-100805-8.

Cook, P.G., Solomon, D.K., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., and Schiff, S.L., 1995,

Chlorofluorocarbons as tracers of groundwater transport processes in a shallow, silty sand aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 3, p. 425-434, 94WR02528, doi:10.1029/94WR02528.

Cook, P.G., Solomon, D.K., Sanford, W.E., Busenberg, E., Plummer, L.N., and Poreda, R.J., 1996,

Interferring shallow groundwater flow in saprolite and fractured rock using environmental tracers: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 6, p. 1501-1509, 96WR00354, doi:10.1029/96WR00354.

Cox, M.H., Mendez, G.O., Kratzer, C.R., and Reichard, E.G., 2003,

Evaluation of tracer tests completed in 1999 and 2000 on the upper Santa Clara River, Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4277, 99 p.

Croteau, M.-N., Luoma, S.N., and Pellet, B., 2007,

Determining metal assimilation efficiency in aquatic invertebrates using enriched stable metal isotope tracers: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 83, no. 2, p. 116-125, doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.03.016.

Davis, J.A., Coston, J.A., Kent, D.B., Hess, K.M., Joye, J.L., Brienen, P., and Campo, K.W., 2001,

Multispecies reactive tracer test in a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts-Part II. Transport of chromium(VI) and lead-, copper-, and zinc-EDTA tracers: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development EPA/600/R-01/007b, 47 p.

Davis, J.A., Hess, K.M., Coston, J.A., Kent, D.B., Joye, J.L., Brienen, P., and Campo, K.W., 2001,

Multispecies reactive tracer test in a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts--Part I. Experimental design and transport of bromide and nickel-EDTA tracers: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development EPA/600/R-01/007a, 38 p.

Davis, J.A., Kent, D.B., Coston, J.A., Hess, K.M., and Joye, J.L., 2000,

Multispecies reactive tracer test in an aquifer with spatially variable chemical conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 119-134, 1999WR900282, doi:10.1029/1999WR900282.

Davis, J.A., Kent, D.B., Coston, J.A., Hess, K.M., and Joye, J.L., 1999,

Multispecies reactive tracer test in an aquifer with spatially variable chemical conditions--An overview, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 3 of 3--Subsurface Contamination from Point Sources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C, p. 383-392.

Davis, J.A., Kent, D.B., Rea, B.A., Maest, A.S., and Garabedian, S.P., 1993,

Influence of redox environment and aqueous speciation on metal transport in groundwater--Preliminary results of tracer injection studies, in Allen, H.E., Perdue, E.M., and Brown, D.S., eds., Metals in groundwater: Chelsea, Mich., Lewis Publishers, p. 223-273.

Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane Jr., J.W., Harris, J.M., and Gorelick, S.M., 2003,

Time-lapse imaging of saline-tracer transport in fractured rock using difference-attenuation radar tomography: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 10, 1290, doi:10.1029/2002WR001722.

Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane Jr., J.W., Hsieh, P.A., and Gorelick, S.M., 2001,

Characterization of fractured-rock aquifers using radar, tracer, and hydraulic data, in Fractured Rock 2001 Conference, Proceedings, Toronto, Ontario, March 26-28, 2001: CD-ROM.

Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane, J.W., Jr., and Goerlick, S.M., 2004,

Combined interpretation of radar, hydraulic and tracer data from a fractured-rock aquifer near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 14, no. 1-2, p. 1-14, doi:10.1007/s10040-004-0372-y.

Demas, C.R., Curwick, P.B., and Demcheck, D.K., 1989,

The use of radon-222 as a tracer of transport across the bed sediment-water interface in Prien Lake, Louisiana, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 291-300.

Deng, F.-W., Cushman, J.H., and Delleur, J.W., 1993,

Adaptive estimation of the log fluctuating conductivity from the tracer test data at the Cape Cod site: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 12, p. 4011-4018.

Drenkard, S., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Schlosser, P., Stute, M., and Dorr, H., 1995,

Applications of the transient tracers tritium/helium-3, and chlorofluorocarbons for tracing and age-dating yound ground water--Field examples from the USA and Germany, in van den Brink, W.J., Bosman, R., and Arendt, F., eds., Contaminated Soil '95: The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 195-196.

Dunkle, S.A., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Phillips, P.J., Denver, J.M., Hamilton, P.A., Michel, R.L., and Coplen, T.B., 1993,

Chlorofluorocarbons (CC13F and CC12F2) as age-dating tools and hydrologic tracers in shallow ground water of the Delmarva Peninsula, Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA: Water Resources Research, v. 29, p. 3837-3860.

Ebwurzel, B., Schlosser, P., Smethie Jr, W.M., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Michel, R.L., Weppernig, R., and Stute, M., 1994,

Dating of shallow groundwater--Comparison of the transient tracers 3H/3He chlorofluorocarbons and 85Kr: Water Resources Research, v. 30, p. 1693-1707.

Ekwurzel, B., Schlosser, P., Smethie Jr., W.M., Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., Michel, R.L., Weppernig, R., and Stute, M., 1994,

Dating of shallow groundwater--Comparison of the transient tracers 3H/3He, chlorofluorocarbons, and 85Kr: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1693-1708, 94WR00156, doi:10.1029/94WR00156.

Elliott, E.M., Kendall, C., Wankel, S.D., Burns, D.A., Boyer, E.W., Harlin, K., Bain, D.J., and Butler, T.J., 2007,

Nitrogen Isotopes as Indicators of NOx source contributions to atmospheric nitrate deposition across the Midwestern and Northeastern United States: Environmental Science and Technology, doi:10.1021/es070898t S0013-936X(07)00898-X (Advanced Web release).

Evans, W.C., Sorey, M.L., Michel, R.L., Cook, A.C., Kennedy, B.M., and Busenberg, E., 2001,

Tracing magmatic carbon in groundwaters at Big Springs, Long Valley caldera, USA, in Cidu, R., ed., Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium WRI-10, Villasimius, Italy: A.A. Balkema, p. 803-806.

Ezzedine, S., and Rubin, Y., 1997,

Analysis of the Cape Cod tracer data: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 1, p. 1-11, 96WR02586, doi:10.1029/96WR02586.

Flint, M.R., Bencala, K.E., Zellweger, G.W., and Hammermeister, D.P., 1985,

Data from a solute transport experiment in the Leviathan Mine drainage, Alpine County, Calif., October 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-85, 107 p.

Fogarty, L.R., and Voytek, M.A., 2005,

Comparison of Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers for fecal samples from different animal species: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 71, no. 10, p. 5999-6007, doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.5999-6007.2005.

Garabedian, S.P., 1991,

A comparison of results from small- and large-scale tracer tests in a heterogeneous aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Fliermans, C.B., and Hazen, T.C., eds., Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Microbiology of the Deep Subsurface, Orlando, Florida, January 15-19, 1990: Aiken, S.C., Westinghouse Savannah River Company, p. 7-167 to 7-176.

Garabedian, S.P., 1987,

Large-scale dispersive transport in aquifers--Field experiments and reactive transport theory: Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, 290 p.

Garabedian, S.P., Gelhar, L.W., and Celia, M.A., 1988,

Large-scale dispersive transport in aquifers--Field experiments and reactive transport theory: Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory Hydrology and Water Resources Systems Report No. 315, 290 p.

Garabedian, S.P., and LeBlanc, D.R., 1991,

Transport of reactive and nonreactive solutes--Results of a natural-gradient tracer test in a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Moltyaner, G., ed., Transport and mass exchange processes in sand and gravel aquifers--Field and modeling studies, Proceedings of the International Conference and Workshop, Ottawa, Ontario, October 1-4, 1990: Chalk River, Ontario, Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd., v. AECL-10308, p. 11-33.

Garabedian, S.P., and LeBlanc, D.R., 1987,

A natural-gradient tracer experiment to verify stochastic models of solute transport, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in Proceedings of International Congress on Hazardous Materials Management, International Congress of Environmental Professionals, Chattanooga, Tennessee, June 8-12, 1987: Northbrook, Ill., Pudvan Publishing, p. 187-197.

Garabedian, S.P., LeBlanc, D.R., Gelhar, L.W., and Celia, M.A., 1991,

Large-scale natural-gradient tracer test in sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts--2, Analysis of spatial moments for a nonreactive tracer: Water Resources Research, v. 27, no. 5, p. 911-924, 91WR00242, doi:10.1029/91WR00242.

Garabedian, S.P., LeBlanc, D.R., Hess, K.M., and Quadri, R.D., 1987,

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Evaluation of strontium isotopes as a geochemical tracer in the Middle Fork Mineral Creek basin, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4290, 21 p.

Verstraeten, I.M., Böhlke, J.K., and Kraemer, T.F., 2000,

Groundwater/surface-water interactions and sources of nitrogen and uranium in an irrigated area of Nebraska, USA, in Dassargues, A., ed., Proceedings, Tacers and Modelling in Hydrogeology: International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication 262, p. 525-531.

Verstraeten, I.M., Böhlke, J.K., Kraemer, T.F., and Cannia, J., 2002,

Use of environmental tracers and isotopes to evaluate sources of water, nitrate, and uranium in an irrigated alluvial valley, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 100-01, 4 p.

Verstraeten, I.M., Fetterman, G.S., Meyer, M.T., Bullen, T., and Sebree, S.K., 2005,

Use of tracers and isotopes to evaluate vulnerability of water in domestic wells to septic waste: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 25, no. 2, p. 107-117, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0015.x.

Vogel, J.R., Verstraeten, I.M., Coplen, T.B., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., and Barber, L.B., 2005,

Occurrence of selected pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical compounds, and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios, in a riverbank filtration study, Platte River, Nebraska, 2001-2003, Volume 1: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 117, 64 p.

Voss, C.I., and Knopman, D.S., 1990,

Strong classical one-dimensional descriptions of field solute transport exist! Modeling the Cape Cod tracer test, in Solving Ground Water Problems with Models, Indianapolis, Indiana, February 7-9, 1989: Dublin, Ohio, National Water Well Association, p. 209-232.

Wagner, B.J., and Harvey, J.W., 1999,

Evaluating the ability of tracer tests to quantify reactive solute transport in stream-aquifer systems, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 201-209.

Wagner, B.J., and Harvey, J.W., 1997,

Experimental design for estimating parameters of rate-limited mass transfer--Analysis of stream tracer studies: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 7, p. 1731-1741, 97WR01067, doi:10.1029/97WR01067.

Walker, C.E., Schrock, R.M., Reilly, T.J., and Baehr, A.L., 2005,

A direct immunoassay for detecting diatoms in ground water as an indicator of the direct influence of surface water: Journal of Applied Phycology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 81-90.

Wang, M., Ford, R.M., and Harvey, R.W., 2008,

Coupled effect of chemotaxis and growth on microbial distributions in organic-amended aquifer sediments--Observations from laboratory and field studies, doi:10.1021/es702392h (Advanced Web release).

Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., Francis, C.A., and Paytan, A., 2006,

Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary--A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 4, p. 1654-1664 (Abstract).

Woodbury, A.D., and Rubin, Y., 2000,

A full-Bayesian approach to parameter inference from tracer travel time moments and investigation of scale effects at the Cape Cod experimental site: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 159-171, 1999WR900273, doi:10.1029/1999WR900273.

Wright, D.L., Grover, T.P., Ellefsen, K.J., Lane, J.W., Jr., and Kase, P.G., 1996,

Radar tomograms at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire--3D visualization and a brine tracer experiment, in Bell, R.S., and Cramer, M.H., eds., Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, Keystone, Colorado, April 28-May 2, 1996: Wheat Ridge, Colo., Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. 565-575.

Wright, D.L., and Lane, J.W., Jr., 1998,

Mapping hydraulically permeable fractures using directional borehole radar and hole-to-hole tomography with a saline tracer, in Bell, R.S., Powers, M.H., and Larson, T., eds., Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Environmental and Engineering Problems, SAGEEP '98, Proceedings, Chicago, Ill., March 22-26, 1998: Wheat Ridge, Colo., Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, p. 379-388.

Writer, J.H., 1992,

Sewage contamination in the Upper Mississippi River as measured by the fecal sterol coprostanol: Boulder, University of Colorado, Master's Thesis, 99 p.

Zellweger, G.W., 1996,

Tracer injections in small streams--Why and how we do them, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 765-767.

Zellweger, G.W., 1994,

Testing and comparison of four ionic tracers to measure stream flow loss by multiple tracer injection: Hydrological Processes, v. 8, no. 2, p. 155-65, doi:10.1002/hyp.3360080206.

Zellweger, G.W., Bencala, K.E., Kimball, B.A., and McKnight, D.M., 1989,

Evaluation of lithium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate as tracers to investigate hydrologic aspects of acidic, metal-rich streams, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 609.

Zellweger, G.W., Bencala, K.E., McKnight, D.M., Hirsch, R.M., and Kimball, B.A., 1988,

Practical aspects of tracer experiments in acidic, metal enriched streams, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 125-130.

Zellweger, G.W., and Maura, W.S., 1991,

Calculation of conservative tracer and flume-discharge measurements on a small mountain stream, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 434-437.

Zhang, H., Schwartz, F.W., Wood, W.W., Garabedian, S.P., and LeBlanc, D.R., 1998,

Simulation of variable-density flow and transport of reactive and nonreactive solutes during a tracer test at Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 1, p. 67-82, 97WR02918, doi:10.1029/97WR02918.

Zhang, P., Johnson, W.P., Piana, M.J., Fuller, C.C., and Naftz, D.L., 2001,

Potential artifacts in interpretation of differential breakthrough of colloids and dissolved tracers in the context of transport in a zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 6, p. 831-840, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02471.x.

There are 279 publications in this section of the bibliography. The above list is sorted by author. The Toxics Bibliographic Data Base was last updated on 5/15/08.

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