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Publications of USGS Standard Methods for Stream Tracer Injection
Studies
Compilation by
Ken Bencala
<kbencala@usgs.gov>
original: March 16, 1999
revised slightly: February 28, 2002
To find these and other USGS publications, follow
this link.
Fluorometric procedures for dye tracing
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Wilson, James F., Jr., Cobb, Ernest D., Kilpatrick, Frederick A.,
Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, TWI 03-A12,
p. 34, illus. incl. 3 tables, 35 refs, 1986. (Revision.).
[available
online]
This manual describes fluorometric procedures used by the U.S. Geological
Survey in dye tracer studies to measure time of travel, dispersion,
reaeration, and dilution-type discharge. The outstanding characteristics
of dye tracing are (1) its low detection and measurement limits and (2)
its simplicity and accuracy. The manual contains necessary background
information about fluorescence, dyes,and fluorometers and a description of
fluorometric operation and calibration procedures as a general guide for
laboratory and field use. A brief section on aerial photography is also
included because of its possible use to supplement ground-level
fluorometry.
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Measurement of discharge using tracers
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Kilpatrick, Frederick A., Cobb, Ernest D.,
Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, TWI 03-A16,
p. 52, illus. incl. 7 tables, 21 refs, 1985. (Supersedes Open-file report
84-136.).
[available
online]
The measurement of water discharges at sites where measurement by
conventional means is difficult or impossible as a result of excessive
turbulence, debris, changing flow conditions, inaccessibility, or safety
may often be accomplished using tracer dilution and velocity measurement
techniques. Two dilution type techniques are feasible: (1) the
slug-injection total-recovery method, which requires a simple injection of
tracer but extensive sampling, and (2) the constant-injection
equilibrium-plateau method, which requires a constant rate injection but
less extensive sampling. Both methods can yield reliable results if proper
techniques are used in their performance.
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Measurement of time of travel in streams by dye tracing
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Kilpatrick, F. A., Wilson, J. F., Jr.,
Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, TWI 03-A9,
p. 27, illus. incl. 5 tables, 21 refs, 1989. (Revision.).
[available
online]
The U.S. Geological Survey is active in measuring time of travel in streams
using dye tracers. This manual describes methods of measuring time of
travel of water and waterborne solutes by dye tracing. The fluorescent
dyes, measuring equipment used, and field and laboratory procedures are
also described. Methods of analysis and presentation to illustrate time of
travel of streams are provided.
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Determination of stream reaeration coefficients by use of tracers
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Kilpatrick, F. A., Rathbun, R. E.,Yotsukura, N., Parker, G. W., DeLong, L. L.,
Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, TWI 03-A18,
p. 52, illus. incl. 13 tables, 34refs, 1989. (Supersedes Open-file report
87-245)
[available
online]
The theory, field and computational procedures in measuring stream
reaeration coefficients in-situ using dye and gas tracer injections to
measure desorption, and thereby oxygen absorption is described in detail
in this report.
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Simulation of soluble waste transport and buildup in surface waters using
tracers
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Kilpatrick, F. A., Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, TWI 03-A20,
p. 37, illus. incl. 4 tables,
sketch map, 24 refs, 1992. (Supersedes Open-file report 92-0457)
[available
online]
Soluble tracers can be used to simulate the transport and dispersion of
soluble wastes that may be introduced into surface waters. Measured
tracer-response curves produced from the injection of a known quantity of
soluble tracer can be used in conjunction with the superposition principle
to simulate potential waste buildup in streams, lakes, and estuaries. Such
information is particularly valuable to environmental and water-resource
planners in determining the effects of proposed waste discharges.
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Stewart Rounds, SMIG coordinator
<sarounds@usgs.gov>
U.S. Geological Survey
http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/tracer_methods.html
Last modified Wednesday, 17-Dec-2003 14:00:10 EST
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