Potential Hazard:
Workers can be injured by falling loads, falling
booms overturning equipment
being caught in moving machinery parts, and being struck by moving
machinery or loads.
Requirements and Example Solutions:
-
Derricks and cranes used on vessels must be tested
and certified in accordance with the standards provided in 29 CFR
1919. [1915.115(a)(1)]
-
Maximum manufacturer's rated safe working loads
must be posted and must not be exceeded. [1915.115(c)(1)
and
(c)(2)]
-
The various working radii of the boom and the
maximum and minimum radii at which the boom may be safely used with
and without outriggers shall be conspicuously posted near the controls
and shall be visible to the operator. A radius indicator shall be
provided. [1915.115(c)(1)]
-
Special precautions should be taken when placing a
crane on a vessel (barge) due to [ANSI B30.8-1982 Section
8-1.2.2(3).]:
-
Wave movement
-
Barge size or stability
-
Shifting crane
-
Swing radius must be guarded. [1915.115(d)]
When
crawler, locomotive, and truck cranes are used:
- Side loading of booms shall be limited to freely suspended loads.
Cranes shall not be used for dragging loads sideways. [1910.180(h)(3)(iv)]
-
Neither the load nor the boom shall be lowered below
the point where less than two full wraps of rope remain on their
respective drums. [1910.180(h)(3)(x)]
- When two or more cranes are used to lift one load,
one designated person shall be responsible for the operation. This
person shall
be required to analyze the operation and instruct all personnel
involved in the proper positioning, rigging of the load, and the
movements to be made. [1910.180(h)(3)(xii)]
- The operator shall not be permitted to leave his or her position at the controls while the load is suspended.
[1910.180(h)(4)(i)]
Additional Resources:
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Figure 1: Improper practice: Worker exposed to overhead load.
Figure 2: Crane swing radius guarded with barriers.
Figure 3: Crane swinging freely suspended load over water (limits side loading of crane boom).
Figure 4: Crane operator stays in position at all times while load is suspended. |