Table 1
Alphabetical listing of recognized Safety and Physical Hazards, Biological and
Chemical Hazards, and Diseases pertinent to agriculture.
[Adapted from (8)] |
Safety and Physical Agents: |
Biological and Chemical Agents: |
Agricultural Diseases: |
Commodity storage & transfer
Electricity
Ergonomics
- Back injury
- Lifting
- Repetitive trauma
Farm machinery
- Balers
- Chain saws
- Combines
- Power take-off
(PTO)
- Roll-over protection
- Safety guards
- Tractors
Fire
Fuel storage
(leaks and fires)
Illumination
(poor lighting)
Lightning
(shock and fire)
Liquefied Propane [LP] gas
Liquefied anhydrous ammonia
Livestock handling injuries
Physical/environmental hazards
- Noise
- Thermal
(heat and cold)
- Ultraviolet
(sun light)
- Vibration
- Psychological stress
- Sanitation
(field)
- Transportation
(on & off road)
- Welding
|
Asphyxiation/suffocation
- Confined space
- Entrapment
(see commodity s.&t.)
- Fumigation
- Carbon Monoxide
(combustion)
- Silo gases
(NO2 and CO2)
Detergents
Diesel exhaust
Disinfectants including
- Chlorine
- Quaternary ammonia compounds
- Organic iodides
- Cresol-based compounds
- Formaldehyde emitters
Dusts
(inorganic aerosols)
Hydrogen sulfide
(a key manure gas)
Microbiologic organisms
- Infectious microbes
- Mold spores
(mycotoxins)
- Noninfectious bioaerosols
- Parasites
Nitrogen dioxide
(silos & welding)
Organic dusts - e.g.
- Cotton dust
- Endotoxin
(on many organic d.)
- Grain dust
- Sugar cane (bagassosis)
- Wood dust
Pesticides
(including application and
harvest activities) |
Arthritis
Dermatoses - caused by
- Heat
- Irritant chemicals
- Infectious microbes
- Insects
- Sensitizing chemicals
- Sunlight
Noise Induced Hearing Loss
Immunologic diseases
- Allergic rhinitis
- Asthma
- Dermatoses
Noninfectious diseases
- Cancer
(is actually a low risk)
- Hypertension and heart
- Respiratory diseases
- Asthma
(also immunologic dis.)
- Bagassosis
(from sugar cane)
- Bronchitis
- Byssinosis
(from cotton dust)
- Farmer's Lung
(see also HP below)
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Organic dust toxic syndrome
(ODTS)
- Pneumoconiosis
(e.g. silicosis)
- Silo filler's disease
(see also NO2)
Organophosphate poisoning and sequelae
Silo unloader's disease
Zoonotic diseases |
Table 2
Labor Intensity During Harvest |
|
|
Low |
High |
Labor
Intensity
While
Growing |
Low |
Mechanized Crops
(e.g. cotton, grain, processed tomatoes, and nut crops) |
Bush & Tree Crops
(e.g. tobacco, stone fruit, and citrus) |
High |
Livestock
(e.g. cattle, swine, poultry) |
Row Fruits & Vegetables
(e.g. strawberries, lettuce, and flowers) |
Table 3
Distribution of 542 farm deaths by causative agent
[adapted from (15)] |
Fraction of Deaths |
Causative Agent |
Comments (breakdown within agent) |
51% |
Farm tractors |
57% rollovers; 9% fall-offs/run-overs |
11% |
Buildings and structures |
33% grain suffocation; 13% silo-gas |
6% |
Farm trucks |
Mostly non-highway accidents |
4% |
Barnyard equipment |
e.g. augers, skid loaders |
4% |
PTO/ power take-off |
Drives attachable implements |
3% |
Electrocutions |
Overhead wires only |
3% |
Haying equipment |
Entanglement, especially in round balers |
3% |
Farm animals |
Mostly bulls and horses |
15% |
Other |
|
|