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Safety and Health Topics: |
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| Hexamethylene Diisocyanate |
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General Description
Synonyms: 1,6-Diisocyanatohexane; HDI; Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate; 1,6-Hexamethylene diisocyanate; HMDI; Desmodur N
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1377
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 822-06-0
Other Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 11142-52-2
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: MO1740000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 2281 156
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Hexamethylene Diisocyanate: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 0.005 ppm, 0.034 mg/m3 TWA
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 0.005 ppm, 0.035 mg/m3 TWA; 0.020 ppm, 0.140 mg/m3 Ceiling (10 Minutes)
Health Factors
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, skin, respiratory system; sore throat; cough, shortness of breath, bronchitis, wheezing, pulmonary edema, asthma; corneal damage; skin burns, blisters; redness, pain, swelling of eyelids; headache, nausea, vomiting and irritability.
Health Effects: Respiratory Sensitization---Asthma (HE9); Skin Sensitization (HE3); Irritation-Eye, Nose, Throat, Skin---Marked (HE14)
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system
Notes: 1) OSHA does not have a PEL for hexamethylene diisocyanate. 2) Hexamethylene diisocyanate was the most potent among four diisocyanates tested for skin sensitization in mice. 3) It reacts with proteins to form adducts in lung (e.g., albumin) and skin (e.g., keratin). 4) Cross-sensitization may occur, and some health effects (asthma, dermatitis) may persist for several years following removal from exposure.
Date Last Revised: 06/07/2004
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Hexamethylene Diisocyanate.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- EPA Air Toxics Website: Hexamethylene Diisocyanate. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
- NIOSH Alert - 1996: Preventing asthma and death from diisocyanate exposure. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 96-111.
- Franklin, P.J., Goldenberg, W.S., Ducatman, A.M. and Franklin, E.: Too hot to handle: an unusual exposure of HDI in specialty painters. Am. J. Ind. Med. 37(4): 431-437, 2000.
- Liu, Q. and Wisnewski, A.V.: Recent developments in diisocyanate asthma. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 90(5 Suppl. 2): 35-41, 2003.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Hexamethylene Diisocyanate. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1252-1254.
- Thorne, P.S., Hellebrand, J.A., Lewis, G.R. and Karol, M.H.: Contact sensitivity by diisocyanates; potencies and cross-reactivities. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 87(1): 155-65, 1987.
- Wisnewski, A.V., et al.: Identification of human lung and skin proteins conjugated with hexamethylene diisocyanate in vitro and in vivo. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162(6): 2330-2336, 2000.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Glass Fiber Filter (37 mm open face) coated with 1.0 mg 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine
analytical solvent: (90:10) Acetonitrile:Dimethylsulfoxide
maximum volume: 15 Liters maximum flow rate: 1.0 L/min
current analytical method: High Performance Liquid Chromatography; HPLC/UV/FLU
method reference: OSHA Manual of Analytical Methods (OSHA 42)
method classification: Fully Validated
note: OSHA personnel may obtain filters from SLTC and refrigerate until use.
Bulk method: Limit the amount of bulk submitted to one gram or one mL.
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