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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate |
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General Description
Synonyms: bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate; DEHP; Phthalic Acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester; Di-sec octyl phthalate; DOP; Octyl phthalate
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1015
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 117-81-7
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: TI0350000
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Di-sec octyl phthalate: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 5 mg/m3 TWA (PEL listed under Di-sec octyl phthalate (Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate))
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 5 mg/m3 TWA (PEL listed under Di-sec octyl phthalate (Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate))
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 5 mg/m3 TWA (PEL listed under Di-sec octyl phthalate (Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate))
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 5.0 mg/m3 TWA; Appendix A3 - Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 5 mg/m3 TWA; 10 mg/m3 STEL; Appendix A - NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens (REL listed under Di-sec octyl phthalate)
Health Factors
National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenic classification: Reasonably Anticipated to be a Human Carcinogen
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 3, Not Classifiable as to Its Carcinogenicity to Humans
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) carcinogenic classification: Group B2, Probable Human Carcinogen
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 5,000 mg/m3
Potential symptoms: Eye, mucous membrane irritation; in animals: liver damage; teratogenic effects; [potential occupational carcinogen]
Health Effects: Irritation-Eyes, Nose, Throat---Mild (HE16)
Affected organs: Eyes, respiratory system, CNS, liver, reproductive system, GI tract
Notes:
- Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is an OSHA Select Carcinogen. However, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis (liver tumors) in rats and mice may not be relevant to human exposures.
- Endocrine disrupting effects in rats including loss of spermatogenesis in males and anovulation in females, as well as teratogenicity in offspring, have been reported. However, evidence is lacking to indicate that DEHP-induced developmental and reproductive toxicity observed in animals (both sexes) can occur in humans.
- DEHP-metabolizing enzymes include lipase, alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, UDP-glucuronyl transferase, and the cytochrome P450 system.
- Five metabolites were quantified in urine after oral administration of labeled DEHP to a human volunteer, who excreted about 75% of the dose in urine in 44 hours. The most abundant metabolite was mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate (24% of the dose).
- EPA's oral reference dose (daily oral exposure likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime) for DEHP is 0.02 mg/kg/day.
Date Last Revised: 09/06/2005
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Di-sec octyl phthalate.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
- EPA Air Toxics Website: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
- Foster, P.M.D., Mylchreest, E., Guido, K.W. and Sar, M.: Effects of phthalate esters on the developing reproductive tract of male rats. Human Reprod. Update 7(3): 231-235, 2001.
- Koch, H.M., Bolt, H.M., Preuss, R. and Angerer, J.: New metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in human urine and serum after single oral doses of deuterium-labelled DEHP. Arch. Toxicol. 79(7): 367-376, 2005.
- Lovekamp-Swan, T. and Davis, B.J.: Mechanisms of phthalate ester toxicity in the female reproductive system. Environ. Health Perspect. 111(2): 139-145, 2003.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 873-876.
- Shea, K.M. and American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Environmental Health. Pediatric exposure and potential toxicity of phthalate plasticizers. Pediatrics 111(6 Pt. 1): 1467-1474, 2003.
- Tickner, J.A., Schettler, T., Guidotti, T., McCally, M. and Rossi, M.: Health risks posed by use of di-2-ethyhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in PVC medical devices: a critical review. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39(1): 100-111, 2001.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: OSHA Versatile Sampler (OVS-Tenax) - 13 mm Tenax Tube (140/70 mg sections) with a glass fiber filter enclosed.
analytical solvent: Toluene
maximum volume: 240 Liters maximum flow rate: 1.0 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 104)
method classification: Fully Validated
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