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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Chrysene |
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General Description
Synonyms: 1,2-Benzophenanthrene; Benzo(alpha)phenanthrene; 1,2,5,6-dibensonaphtalene
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0692
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 218-01-9
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: GC0700000
Chemical Description and Physical Properties: white crystals
molecular formula: C18H12
molecular weight: 228.28
boiling point: 448°C
melting point: 254°C
Exposure Limits
Health Factors
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 2B, Possibly carcinogenic to humans
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) carcinogenic classification: Group B2, probable human carcinogen
Potential symptoms: Skin irritation with rash or sunburn (if exposed to sunlight) [potential occupational carcinogen]
Health Effects: (Not established in humans separate from PAH mixtures.)
Affected organs: Skin, respiratory system
Notes:
- Chrysene is one of many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) found in cigarette smoke, coal tar pitch volatiles, coke oven emissions and diesel exhaust.
- In mice, chrysene was weaker than benzo[a]pyrene in activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) in liver and lung to induce the synthesis of messenger RNAs for cytochrome P-450 1A1 and 1B1.
- In human prostate cancer cells, chrysene (and benzo[a]pyrene) partially inhibited the dihydrotestosterone-induced production of prostate-specific antigen protein and its mRNA, indicating an anti-androgenic effect from interaction with AhR.
- Administered i.p., chrysene caused liver and lung tumors, as well as malignant lymphoma, in mice. Dermal exposure caused skin carcinomas in mice.
- A dose-dependent lung tumor incidence was found for chrysene injected into the lungs of rats.
- The urinary excretion profiles of the monohydroxy and dihydroxy metabolites of some PAHs, including chrysene, have been reported for individual coke plant workers.
Date Last Revised: 12/15/2005
Literature Basis:
- U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Chrysene (CASRN 218-01-9).
- Grimmer, G., Jacob, J., Dettbarn, G. and Naujack, K.-W.: Determination of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) for the risk assessment of PAH-exposed workers. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 69(4): 231-239, 1997.
- Kizu, R., et al.: A role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the antiandrogenic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells. Arch. Toxicol. 77(6): 335-343, 2003.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Chrysene. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 632-634.
- Shimada, T., et al.: Arylhydrocarbon receptor-dependent induction of liver and lung cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in genetically engineered C57BL/6J mice. Carcinogenesis 23(7): 1199-1207, 2002.
- Wenzel-Hartung, R., Brune, H., Grimmer, G., Germann, P., Timm, J. and Wosniok, W.: Evaluation of the carcinogenic potency of 4 environmental polycyclic aromatic compounds following intrapulmonary application in rats. Exp. Pathol. 40(4): 221-7, 1990.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Glass Fiber Filter (37 mm)
analytical solvent: Benzene
maximum volume: 960 Liters maximum flow rate: 2.0 L/min
current analytical method: High Performance Liquid Chromatography; HPLC/UV/FLU
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 58)
method classification: Fully Validated (In conjunction with Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles and Coke Oven Emissions.)
note: After sampling,filter must be transferred to a vial with a Teflon-lined cap. Sample must be protected from direct sunlight.
note: Chrysene is a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon that OSHA has identified as one of a number of typical components of the benzene-soluble fraction of coal tar pitch volatiles. Other components include anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene, acridine, and pyrene. There is no specific OSHA PEL for chrysene. Chrysene is characteristic of cold tar pitch volatiles (PEL is 0.2 mg/m3) and/or coke oven emissions (PEL is 0.15 mg/m3).
Bulk method: Limit the amount of bulk submitted to one gram or one mL.
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