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A Country Study: Turkmenistan
Library of Congress Call Number
DK851 .K34 1997
Please note
: The current Country Study was previously in a multi-country volume. Chapter numbers reflect those used in the printed book.
Turkmenistan
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Preface
Introduction
Chapter 4 - Turkmenistan
(Larry Clark, Michael Thurman, and David Tyson)
Country Profile
- Visit
new
updated
Profile
(PDF)
Country
Geography
Society
Economy
Transportation and Telecommunications
Government and Politics
National Security
Historical Background
Historical Setting
Origins and Early History
Formation of the Turkmen Nation
Incorporation into Russia
Soviet Turkmenistan
Sovereignty and Independence
Physical Environment
Physical Features
Climate
Hydrological Conditions
Environmental Issues
Population
Size and Distribution
Migration Trends
Society
National Traditions
Social Structure
The Spoken Language
The Written Language
Religion
History and Structure
Religion after Independence
Education
Education System
Curriculum
Higher Education
Health
Structure of Health Care
Health Care Conditions
Health Conditions
Welfare
Living Standards
Government Welfare Programs
The Economy
Natural Resources
Agriculture
Industry
Labor
Economic Structure
Privatization
Fiscal and Monetary Conditions
Foreign Trade
Transportation and Telecommunications
Railroads
Roads
Pipelines
Airlines
Merchant Marine
Telecommunications
Government and Politics
Centers of Political Power
Government Structure
Political Parties
Human Rights
Foreign Policy
Background
Foreign Relations Issues
The United States
Western Europe
Asian Neighbors
CIS Relations
Caspian Sea Issues
National Security
Strategic Considerations
Military Doctrine
Role of Russia and the CIS
Force Structure
Internal Security Forces
Criminal Justice
Appendix. Tables
Bibliography
Glossary
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