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U.S. Department of Labor | ![]() |
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Occupational Safety & Health Administration |
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Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR)
Permit-required confined spaces - 1910.146 |
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Part Number: | 1910 |
Part Title: | Occupational Safety and Health Standards |
Subpart: | J |
Subpart Title: | General Environmental Controls |
Standard Number: | 1910.146 |
Title: | Permit-required confined spaces |
Appendix: | A , B , C , D , E , F |
1910.146(a) Scope and application. This section contains requirements for practices and procedures to protect employees in general industry from the hazards of entry into permit-required confined spaces. This section does not apply to agriculture, to construction, or to shipyard employment (Parts 1928, 1926, and 1915 of this chapter, respectively).1910.146(b) Definitions.1910.146(c) General requirements.1910.146(c)(1) The employer shall evaluate the workplace to determine if any spaces are permit-required confined spaces.1910.146(c)(2) If the workplace contains permit spaces, the employer shall inform exposed employees, by posting danger signs or by any other equally effective means, of the existence and location of and the danger posed by the permit spaces...1910.146(c)(3) 1910.146(c)(3) If the employer decides that its employees will not enter permit spaces, the employer shall take effective measures to prevent its employees from entering the permit spaces and shall comply with paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2), (c)(6), and (c)(8) of this section.1910.146(c)(4) If the employer decides that its employees will enter permit spaces, the employer shall develop and implement a written permit space program that complies with this section. The written program shall be available for inspection by employees and their authorized representatives.1910.146(c)(5) An employer may use the alternate procedures specified in paragraph (c)(5)(ii) of this section for entering a permit space under the conditions set forth in paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section.1910.146(c)(5)(i) An employer whose employees enter a permit space need not comply with paragraphs (d) through (f) and (h) through (k) of this section, provided that:1910.146(c)(5)(i)(A) The employer can demonstrate that the only hazard posed by the permit space is an actual or potential hazardous atmosphere;1910.146(c)(5)(i)(B) The employer can demonstrate that continuous forced air ventilation alone is sufficient to maintain that permit space safe for entry;1910.146(c)(5)(i)(C) The employer develops monitoring and inspection data that supports the demonstrations required by paragraphs (c)(5)(i)(A) and (c)(5)(i)(B) of this section;1910.146(c)(5)(i)(D) If an initial entry of the permit space is necessary to obtain the data required by paragraph (c)(5)(i)(C) of this section, the entry is performed in compliance with paragraphs (d) through (k) of this section;1910.146(c)(5)(i)(E) The determinations and supporting data required by paragraphs (c)(5)(i)(A), (c)(5)(i)(B), and (c)(5)(i)(C) of this section are documented by the employer and are made available to each employee who enters the permit space under the terms of paragraph (c)(5) of this section or to that employee's authorized representative; and1910.146(c)(5)(i)(F) Entry into the permit space under the terms of paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section is performed in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (c)(5)(ii) of this section.1910.146(c)(5)(ii) The following requirements apply to entry into permit spaces that meet the conditions set forth in paragraph (c)(5)(i) of this section.1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(A) Any conditions making it unsafe to remove an entrance cover shall be eliminated before the cover is removed...1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(B) 1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(B) When entrance covers are removed, the opening shall be promptly guarded by a railing, temporary cover, or other temporary barrier that will prevent an accidental fall through the opening and that will protect each employee working in the space from foreign objects entering the space.1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(C) Before an employee enters the space, the internal atmosphere shall be tested, with a calibrated direct-reading instrument, for oxygen content, for flammable gases and vapors, and for potential toxic air contaminants, in that order. Any employee who enters the space, or that employee's authorized representative, shall be provided an opportunity to observe the pre-entry testing required by this paragraph.1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(C)(1) Oxygen content,1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(C)(2) Flammable gases and vapors, and1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(C)(3) Potential toxic air contaminants.1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(D) There may be no hazardous atmosphere within the space whenever any employee is inside the space.1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(E) Continuous forced air ventilation shall be used, as follows:1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(E)(1) An employee may not enter the space until the forced air ventilation has eliminated any hazardous atmosphere;1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(E)(2) The forced air ventilation shall be so directed as to ventilate the immediate areas where an employee is or will be present within the space and shall continue until all employees have left the space;1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(E)(3) The air supply for the forced air ventilation shall be from a clean source and may not increase the hazards in the space.1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(F) The atmosphere within the space shall be periodically tested as necessary to ensure that the continuous forced air ventilation is preventing the accumulation of a hazardous atmosphere. Any employee who enters the space, or that employee's authorized representative, shall be provided with an opportunity to observe the periodic testing required by this paragraph.1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(G) If a hazardous atmosphere is detected during entry:1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(G)(1) Each employee shall leave the space immediately;1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(G)(2) The space shall be evaluated to determine how the hazardous atmosphere developed; and1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(G)(3) Measures shall be implemented to protect employees from the hazardous atmosphere before any subsequent entry takes place.1910.146(c)(5)(ii)(H) The employer shall verify that the space is safe for entry and that the pre-entry measures required by paragraph (c)(5)(ii) of this section have been taken, through a written certification that contains the date, the location of the space, and the signature of the person providing the certification. The certification shall be made before entry and shall be made available to each employee entering the space or to that employee's authorized representative.1910.146(c)(6) When there are changes in the use or configuration of a non-permit confined space that might increase the hazards to entrants, the employer shall reevaluate that space and, if necessary, reclassify it as a permit-required confined space...1910.146(c)(7) 1910.146(c)(7) A space classified by the employer as a permit-required confined space may be reclassified as a non-permit confined space under the following procedures:1910.146(c)(7)(i) If the permit space poses no actual or potential atmospheric hazards and if all hazards within the space are eliminated without entry into the space, the permit space may be reclassified as a non-permit confined space for as long as the non-atmospheric hazards remain eliminated.1910.146(c)(7)(ii) If it is necessary to enter the permit space to eliminate hazards, such entry shall be performed under paragraphs (d) through (k) of this section. If testing and inspection during that entry demonstrate that the hazards within the permit space have been eliminated, the permit space may be reclassified as a non-permit confined space for as long as the hazards remain eliminated.1910.146(c)(7)(iii) The employer shall document the basis for determining that all hazards in a permit space have been eliminated, through a certification that contains the date, the location of the space, and the signature of the person making the determination. The certification shall be made available to each employee entering the space or to that employee's authorized representative.1910.146(c)(7)(iv) If hazards arise within a permit space that has been declassified to a non-permit space under paragraph (c)(7) of this section, each employee in the space shall exit the space. The employer shall then reevaluate the space and determine whether it must be reclassified as a permit space, in accordance with other applicable provisions of this section.1910.146(c)(8) When an employer (host employer) arranges to have employees of another employer (contractor) perform work that involves permit space entry, the host employer shall:1910.146(c)(8)(i) Inform the contractor that the workplace contains permit spaces and that permit space entry is allowed only through compliance with a permit space program meeting the requirements of this section;1910.146(c)(8)(ii) Apprise the contractor of the elements, including the hazards identified and the host employer's experience with the space, that make the space in question a permit space;1910.146(c)(8)(iii) Apprise the contractor of any precautions or procedures that the host employer has implemented for the protection of employees in or near permit spaces where contractor personnel will be working;1910.146(c)(8)(iv) Coordinate entry operations with the contractor, when both host employer personnel and contractor personnel will be working in or near permit spaces, as required by paragraph (d)(11) of this section; and..1910.146(c)(8)(v) 1910.146(c)(8)(v) Debrief the contractor at the conclusion of the entry operations regarding the permit space program followed and regarding any hazards confronted or created in permit spaces during entry operations.1910.146(c)(9) In addition to complying with the permit space requirements that apply to all employers, each contractor who is retained to perform permit space entry operations shall:1910.146(c)(9)(i) Obtain any available information regarding permit space hazards and entry operations from the host employer;1910.146(c)(9)(ii) Coordinate entry operations with the host employer, when both host employer personnel and contractor personnel will be working in or near permit spaces, as required by paragraph (d)(11) of this section; and1910.146(c)(9)(iii) Inform the host employer of the permit space program that the contractor will follow and of any hazards confronted or created in permit spaces, either through a debriefing or during the entry operation.1910.146(d) Permit-required confined space program (permit space program). Under the permit space program required by paragraph (c)(4) of this section, the employer shall:1910.146(d)(1) Implement the measures necessary to prevent unauthorized entry;1910.146(d)(2) Identify and evaluate the hazards of permit spaces before employees enter them;1910.146(d)(3) Develop and implement the means, procedures, and practices necessary for safe permit space entry operations, including, but not limited to, the following:1910.146(d)(3)(i) Specifying acceptable entry conditions;1910.146(d)(3)(ii) Providing each authorized entrant or that employee's authorized representative with the opportunity to observe any monitoring or testing of permit spaces;1910.146(d)(3)(iii) Isolating the permit space;1910.146(d)(3)(iv) Purging, inerting, flushing, or ventilating the permit space as necessary to eliminate or control atmospheric hazards;1910.146(d)(3)(v) Providing pedestrian, vehicle, or other barriers as necessary to protect entrants from external hazards; and1910.146(d)(3)(vi) Verifying that conditions in the permit space are acceptable for entry throughout the duration of an authorized entry.1910.146(d)(4) Provide the following equipment (specified in paragraphs (d)(4)(i) through (d)(4)(ix) of this section) at no cost to employees, maintain that equipment properly, and ensure that employees use that equipment properly:..1910.146(d)(4)(i) 1910.146(d)(4)(i) Testing and monitoring equipment needed to comply with paragraph (d)(5) of this section;1910.146(d)(4)(ii) Ventilating equipment needed to obtain acceptable entry conditions;1910.146(d)(4)(iii) Communications equipment necessary for compliance with paragraphs (h)(3) and (i)(5) of this section;1910.146(d)(4)(iv) Personal protective equipment insofar as feasible engineering and work practice controls do not adequately protect employees;1910.146(d)(4)(v) Lighting equipment needed to enable employees to see well enough to work safely and to exit the space quickly in an emergency;1910.146(d)(4)(vi) Barriers and shields as required by paragraph (d)(3)(iv) of this section;1910.146(d)(4)(vii) Equipment, such as ladders, needed for safe ingress and egress by authorized entrants;1910.146(d)(4)(viii) Rescue and emergency equipment needed to comply with paragraph (d)(9) of this section, except to the extent that the equipment is provided by rescue services; and1910.146(d)(4)(ix) Any other equipment necessary for safe entry into and rescue from permit spaces.1910.146(d)(5) Evaluate permit space conditions as follows when entry operations are conducted:1910.146(d)(5)(i) Test conditions in the permit space to determine if acceptable entry conditions exist before entry is authorized to begin, except that, if isolation of the space is infeasible because the space is large or is part of a continuous system (such as a sewer), pre-entry testing shall be performed to the extent feasible before entry is authorized and, if entry is authorized, entry conditions shall be continuously monitored in the areas where authorized entrants are working;1910.146(d)(5)(ii) Test or monitor the permit space as necessary to determine if acceptable entry conditions are being maintained during the course of entry operations; and1910.146(d)(5)(iii) When testing for atmospheric hazards, test first for oxygen, then for combustible gases and vapors, and then for toxic gases and vapors.1910.146(d)(5)(iv) Provide each authorized entrant or that employee's authorized representative an opportunity to observe the pre-entry and any subsequent testing or monitoring of permit spaces;1910.146(d)(5)(v) Reevaluate the permit space in the presence of any authorized entrant or that employee's authorized representative who requests that the employer conduct such reevaluation because the entrant or representative has reason to believe that the evaluation of that space may not have been adequate;1910.146(d)(5)(vi) Immediately provide each authorized entrant or that employee's authorized representative with the results of any testing conducted in accord with paragraph (d) of this section.1910.146(d)(6) Provide at least one attendant outside the permit space into which entry is authorized for the duration of entry operations;..1910.146(d)(7) 1910.146(d)(7) If multiple spaces are to be monitored by a single attendant, include in the permit program the means and procedures to enable the attendant to respond to an emergency affecting one or more of the permit spaces being monitored without distraction from the attendant's responsibilities under paragraph (i) of this section;1910.146(d)(8) Designate the persons who are to have active roles (as, for example, authorized entrants, attendants, entry supervisors, or persons who test or monitor the atmosphere in a permit space) in entry operations, identify the duties of each such employee, and provide each such employee with the training required by paragraph (g) of this section;1910.146(d)(9) Develop and implement procedures for summoning rescue and emergency services, for rescuing entrants from permit spaces, for providing necessary emergency services to rescued employees, and for preventing unauthorized personnel from attempting a rescue;1910.146(d)(10) Develop and implement a system for the preparation, issuance, use, and cancellation of entry permits as required by this section;1910.146(d)(11) Develop and implement procedures to coordinate entry operations when employees of more than one employer are working simultaneously as authorized entrants in a permit space, so that employees of one employer do not endanger the employees of any other employer;1910.146(d)(12) Develop and implement procedures (such as closing off a permit space and canceling the permit) necessary for concluding the entry after entry operations have been completed;1910.146(d)(13) Review entry operations when the employer has reason to believe that the measures taken under the permit space program may not protect employees and revise the program to correct deficiencies found to exist before subsequent entries are authorized; and1910.146(d)(14) Review the permit space program, using the canceled permits retained under paragraph (e)(6) of this section within 1 year after each entry and revise the program as necessary, to ensure that employees participating in entry operations are protected from permit space hazards.1910.146(e) Permit system.1910.146(e)(1) Before entry is authorized, the employer shall document the completion of measures required by paragraph (d)(3) of this section by preparing an entry permit.1910.146(e)(2) Before entry begins, the entry supervisor identified on the permit shall sign the entry permit to authorize entry.1910.146(e)(3) The completed permit shall be made available at the time of entry to all authorized entrants or their authorized representatives, by posting it at the entry portal or by any other equally effective means, so that the entrants can confirm that pre-entry preparations have been completed...1910.146(e)(4) 1910.146(e)(4) The duration of the permit may not exceed the time required to complete the assigned task or job identified on the permit in accordance with paragraph (f)(2) of this section.1910.146(e)(5) The entry supervisor shall terminate entry and cancel the entry permit when:1910.146(e)(5)(i) The entry operations covered by the entry permit have been completed; or1910.146(e)(5)(ii) A condition that is not allowed under the entry permit arises in or near the permit space.1910.146(e)(6) The employer shall retain each canceled entry permit for at least 1 year to facilitate the review of the permit-required confined space program required by paragraph (d)(14) of this section. Any problems encountered during an entry operation shall be noted on the pertinent permit so that appropriate revisions to the permit space program can be made.1910.146(f) Entry permit. The entry permit that documents compliance with this section and authorizes entry to a permit space shall identify:1910.146(f)(1) The permit space to be entered;1910.146(f)(2) The purpose of the entry;1910.146(f)(3) The date and the authorized duration of the entry permit;1910.146(f)(4) The authorized entrants within the permit space, by name or by such other means (for example, through the use of rosters or tracking systems) as will enable the attendant to determine quickly and accurately, for the duration of the permit, which authorized entrants are inside the permit space;1910.146(f)(5) The personnel, by name, currently serving as attendants;1910.146(f)(6) The individual, by name, currently serving as entry supervisor, with a space for the signature or initials of the entry supervisor who originally authorized entry;1910.146(f)(7) The hazards of the permit space to be entered;1910.146(f)(8) The measures used to isolate the permit space and to eliminate or control permit space hazards before entry;1910.146(f)(9) The acceptable entry conditions;1910.146(f)(10) The results of initial and periodic tests performed under paragraph (d)(5) of this section, accompanied by the names or initials of the testers and by an indication of when the tests were performed;..1910.146(f)(11) 1910.146(f)(11) The rescue and emergency services that can be summoned and the means (such as the equipment to use and the numbers to call) for summoning those services;1910.146(f)(12) The communication procedures used by authorized entrants and attendants to maintain contact during the entry;1910.146(f)(13) Equipment, such as personal protective equipment, testing equipment, communications equipment, alarm systems, and rescue equipment, to be provided for compliance with this section;1910.146(f)(14) Any other information whose inclusion is necessary, given the circumstances of the particular confined space, in order to ensure employee safety; and (15) Any additional permits, such as for hot work, that have been issued to authorize work in the permit space.1910.146(g) Training.1910.146(g)(1) The employer shall provide training so that all employees whose work is regulated by this section acquire the understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe performance of the duties assigned under this section.1910.146(g)(2) Training shall be provided to each affected employee:1910.146(g)(2)(i) Before the employee is first assigned duties under this section;1910.146(g)(2)(ii) Before there is a change in assigned duties;1910.146(g)(2)(iii) Whenever there is a change in permit space operations that presents a hazard about which an employee has not previously been trained;1910.146(g)(2)(iv) Whenever the employer has reason to believe either that there are deviations from the permit space entry procedures required by paragraph (d)(3) of this section or that there are inadequacies in the employee's knowledge or use of these procedures.1910.146(g)(3) The training shall establish employee proficiency in the duties required by this section and shall introduce new or revised procedures, as necessary, for compliance with this section.1910.146(g)(4) The employer shall certify that the training required by paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(3) of this section has been accomplished. The certification shall contain each employee's name, the signatures or initials of the trainers, and the dates of training. The certification shall be available for inspection by employees and their authorized representatives.1910.146(h) Duties of authorized entrants. The employer shall ensure that all authorized entrants:..1910.146(h)(1) 1910.146(h)(1) Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure;1910.146(h)(2) Properly use equipment as required by paragraph (d)(4) of this section;1910.146(h)(3) Communicate with the attendant as necessary to enable the attendant to monitor entrant status and to enable the attendant to alert entrants of the need to evacuate the space as required by paragraph (i)(6) of this section;1910.146(h)(4) Alert the attendant whenever:1910.146(h)(4)(i) The entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation, or1910.146(h)(4)(ii) The entrant detects a prohibited condition; and1910.146(h)(5) Exit from the permit space as quickly as possible whenever:1910.146(h)(5)(i) An order to evacuate is given by the attendant or the entry supervisor,1910.146(h)(5)(ii) The entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation,1910.146(h)(5)(iii) The entrant detects a prohibited condition, or1910.146(h)(5)(iv) An evacuation alarm is activated.1910.146(i) Duties of attendants. The employer shall ensure that each attendant:1910.146(i)(1) Knows the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure;1910.146(i)(2) Is aware of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure in authorized entrants;1910.146(i)(3) Continuously maintains an accurate count of authorized entrants in the permit space and ensures that the means used to identify authorized entrants under paragraph (f)(4) of this section accurately identifies who is in the permit space;1910.146(i)(4) Remains outside the permit space during entry operations until relieved by another attendant;1910.146(i)(5) Communicates with authorized entrants as necessary to monitor entrant status and to alert entrants of the need to evacuate the space under paragraph (i)(6) of this section;..1910.146(i)(6) 1910.146(i)(6) Monitors activities inside and outside the space to determine if it is safe for entrants to remain in the space and orders the authorized entrants to evacuate the permit space immediately under any of the following conditions;1910.146(i)(6)(i) If the attendant detects a prohibited condition;1910.146(i)(6)(ii) If the attendant detects the behavioral effects of hazard exposure in an authorized entrant;1910.146(i)(6)(iii) If the attendant detects a situation outside the space that could endanger the authorized entrants; or1910.146(i)(6)(iv) If the attendant cannot effectively and safely perform all the duties required under paragraph (i) of this section;1910.146(i)(7) Summon rescue and other emergency services as soon as the attendant determines that authorized entrants may need assistance to escape from permit space hazards;1910.146(i)(8) Takes the following actions when unauthorized persons approach or enter a permit space while entry is underway:1910.146(i)(8)(i) Warn the unauthorized persons that they must stay away from the permit space;1910.146(i)(8)(ii) Advise the unauthorized persons that they must exit immediately if they have entered the permit space; and1910.146(i)(8)(iii) Inform the authorized entrants and the entry supervisor if unauthorized persons have entered the permit space;1910.146(i)(9) Performs non-entry rescues as specified by the employer's rescue procedure; and1910.146(i)(10) Performs no duties that might interfere with the attendant's primary duty to monitor and protect the authorized entrants.1910.146(j) Duties of entry supervisors. The employer shall ensure that each entry supervisor:1910.146(j)(1) Knows the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure;1910.146(j)(2) Verifies, by checking that the appropriate entries have been made on the permit, that all tests specified by the permit have been conducted and that all procedures and equipment specified by the permit are in place before endorsing the permit and allowing entry to begin;..1910.146(j)(3) 1910.146(j)(3) Terminates the entry and cancels the permit as required by paragraph (e)(5) of this section;1910.146(j)(4) Verifies that rescue services are available and that the means for summoning them are operable;1910.146(j)(5) Removes unauthorized individuals who enter or who attempt to enter the permit space during entry operations; and1910.146(j)(6) Determines, whenever responsibility for a permit space entry operation is transferred and at intervals dictated by the hazards and operations performed within the space, that entry operations remain consistent with terms of the entry permit and that acceptable entry conditions are maintained.1910.146(k) Rescue and emergency services.1910.146(k)(1) An employer who designates rescue and emergency services, pursuant to paragraph (d)(9) of this section, shall:1910.146(k)(1)(i) Evaluate a prospective rescuer's ability to respond to a rescue summons in a timely manner, considering the hazard(s) identified;1910.146(k)(1)(ii) Evaluate a prospective rescue service's ability, in terms of proficiency with rescue-related tasks and equipment, to function appropriately while rescuing entrants from the particular permit space or types of permit spaces identified;1910.146(k)(1)(iii) Select a rescue team or service from those evaluated that:1910.146(k)(1)(iii)(A) Has the capability to reach the victim(s) within a time frame that is appropriate for the permit space hazard(s) identified;1910.146(k)(1)(iii)(B) Is equipped for and proficient in performing the needed rescue services;1910.146(k)(1)(iv) Inform each rescue team or service of the hazards they may confront when called on to perform rescue at the site; and1910.146(k)(1)(v) Provide the rescue team or service selected with access to all permit spaces from which rescue may be necessary so that the rescue service can develop appropriate rescue plans and practice rescue operations.1910.146(k)(2) An employer whose employees have been designated to provide permit space rescue and emergency services shall take the following measures:1910.146(k)(2)(i) Provide affected employees with the personal protective equipment (PPE) needed to conduct permit space rescues safely and train affected employees so they are proficient in the use of that PPE, at no cost to those employees;1910.146(k)(2)(ii) Train affected employees to perform assigned rescue duties. The employer must ensure that such employees successfully complete the training required to establish proficiency as an authorized entrant, as provided by paragraphs (g) and (h) of this section;1910.146(k)(2)(iii) Train affected employees in basic first-aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The employer shall ensure that at least one member of the rescue team or service holding a current certification in first aid and CPR is available; and1910.146(k)(2)(iv) Ensure that affected employees practice making permit space rescues at least once every 12 months, by means of simulated rescue operations in which they remove dummies, manikins, or actual persons from the actual permit spaces or from representative permit spaces. Representative permit spaces shall, with respect to opening size, configuration, and accessibility, simulate the types of permit spaces from which rescue is to be performed...1910.146(k)(3) 1910.146(k)(3) To facilitate non-entry rescue, retrieval systems or methods shall be used whenever an authorized entrant enters a permit space, unless the retrieval equipment would increase the overall risk of entry or would not contribute to the rescue of the entrant. Retrieval systems shall meet the following requirements.1910.146(k)(3)(i) Each authorized entrant shall use a chest or full body harness, with a retrieval line attached at the center of the entrant's back near shoulder level, above the entrant's head, or at another point which the employer can establish presents a profile small enough for the successful removal of the entrant. Wristlets may be used in lieu of the chest or full body harness if the employer can demonstrate that the use of a chest or full body harness is infeasible or creates a greater hazard and that the use of wristlets is the safest and most effective alternative.1910.146(k)(3)(ii) The other end of the retrieval line shall be attached to a mechanical device or fixed point outside the permit space in such a manner that rescue can begin as soon as the rescuer becomes aware that rescue is necessary. A mechanical device shall be available to retrieve personnel from vertical type permit spaces more than 5 feet (1.52 m) deep1910.146(k)(4) If an injured entrant is exposed to a substance for which a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or other similar written information is required to be kept at the worksite, that MSDS or written information shall be made available to the medical facility treating the exposed entrant.1910.146(l) Employee participation.1910.146(l)(1) Employers shall consult with affected employees and their authorized representatives on the development and implementation of all aspects of the permit space program required by paragraph (c) of this section.1910.146(l)(2) Employers shall make available to affected employees and their authorized representatives all information required to be developed by this section. |
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