Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report
Part G. Section 9: Youth
Table G9.A6. Body Composition, Experimental Studies
Overweight/Obese Children and Adolescents. Part 1. Randomized Controlled
Trials
Reference |
Sample/Duration |
Results |
Gutin et al., 1997 (1) |
N=35, 66% F, 7-11 years, Duration: 4 months |
Decrease in percent fat |
Owens et al., 1999 (2) |
N=74, 66% F, 7-11 years, Duration: 4 months |
Significant decrease in percent fat |
Gutin et al., 2002 (3) |
N=80, 68% F, 13-16 years, 69% AA Lifestyle Education
and Training vs. Lifestyle Education alone, Duration: 8 months |
Significantly greater decrease in percent fat and
visceral adipose tissue with Lifestyle Education and Training |
Balagopal et al., 2005 (4) |
N=21, 48% F, about 16 years, Duration:
3 months |
Experimental group decreased percent fat -6.3%,
increased fat-free mass 6.3 kg |
Yin et al., 2005 (5)Group Randomized Trial |
N=447, 3rd graders, 61% AA, Duration:
8 months |
Decrease in percent fat significantly different
between groups |
Yin et al., 2005 (6)
Group Randomized Trial |
N=278, 3rd graders, 61 AA, Duration: 8 months |
Significant negative correlation between attendance
and decrease in percent fat |
Goldfield et al., 2006 (7) |
N=30, 47% F, 8-12 years, 72% AA, Duration:
8 weeks |
Small effect on BMI |
Meyer et al., 2006 (8) |
N=131, 51% F, 11-16 years, Duration: 6 months |
Significant decline in BMI, small change in percent
fat, waist-to-hip ratio |
Barbeau et al., 2007 (9) |
100% F, 8-12 years, 100% AA, Duration:
10 months |
Change in percent fat significantly different
between groups |
AA, African American; BMI, body mass index; F, female; N, number
Table G9.A6. Body Composition, Experimental Studies
Overweight/Obese Children and Adolescents. Part 2. Non-Randomized
Controlled Trials
Reference |
Sample/Duration |
Results |
Gutin et al., 1996 (10) |
N=22, 100% F, 7-11 years, AA, Duration: 10 weeks |
Significant but small change in percent fat |
Treuth et al., 1998 (11) |
N=22, 100% F, 7-10 years, 91% white,
Duration: 5 months |
Minimal effects of strength training on weight and adiposity
|
Treuth et al., 1998 (12) |
N=22, 100% F, 7-10 years, 91% white,
Duration: 5 months |
Minimal effects of strength training on weight and adiposity, no
change visceral adipose tissue |
Cotton et al., 2006 (13) |
N=26, 69% F, 8-18 years, 100% AA,
Duration: 12 weeks |
No change in BMI |
BMI, body mass index; F, female; N, number
Table G9.A6. Body Composition, Experimental Studies
Overweight/Obese Children and Adolescents. Part 3. Before-and-After Studies
(i.e., No Control Group)
Reference |
Sample/Duration |
Results |
Nassis et al., 2005 (14) |
N=19, 100% F, 9-15 years, Duration: 12
weeks |
Minimal changes in BMI, fat-free mass,
percent fat, visceral adipose tissue |
Monzavi et al., 2006 (15) |
N=109, 45% F, mean age=11.5&±1.9 years,
(43 completed intervention), Duration: 12 weeks |
Minimal changes in BMI, weight, height |
Klijn et al., 2007 (16) |
N=15, 100% F, 14.7±2.1 year, Duration:
12 weeks |
Major declines in weight, BMI, percent fat, fat-free
mass,861943 visceral adipose tissue |
BMI, body mass index; F, female; N, number
Reference List
- Gutin B, Owens S, Slavens G, Riggs S,
Treiber F. Effect of physical training on heart-period variability in obese
children. J.Pediatr. 1997 Jun;130(6):938-43.
- Owens S, Gutin B, Allison J, Riggs S,
Ferguson M, Litaker M, Thompson W. Effect of physical training on total and
visceral fat in obese children. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 1999
Jan;31(1):143-8.
- Gutin B, Barbeau P, Owens S, Lemmon CR,
Bauman M, Allison J, Kang HS, Litaker MS. Effects of exercise intensity on
cardiovascular fitness, total body composition, and visceral adiposity of obese
adolescents. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 2002 May;75(5):818-26.
- Balagopal P, George D, Patton N, Yarandi
H, Roberts WL, Bayne E, Gidding S. Lifestyle-only intervention attenuates the
inflammatory state associated with obesity: a randomized controlled study in
adolescents. J.Pediatr. 2005 Mar;146(3):342-8.
- Yin Z, Gutin B, Johnson MH, Hanes J,
Jr., Moore JB, Cavnar M, Thornburg J, Moore D, Barbeau P. An environmental
approach to obesity prevention in children: Medical College of Georgia FitKid
Project year 1 results. Obes.Res. 2005 Dec;13(12):2153-61.
- Yin Z, Moore JB, Johnson MH, Barbeau P,
Cavnar M, Thornburg J, Gutin B. The Medical College of Georgia Fitkid project:
the relations between program attendance and changes in outcomes in year 1.
Int.J.Obes.(Lond) 2005 Sep;29 Suppl 2:S40-S45.
- Goldfield GS, Mallory R, Parker T,
Cunningham T, Legg C, Lumb A, Parker K, Prud'homme D, Gaboury I, Adamo KB.
Effects of open-loop feedback on physical activity and television viewing in
overweight and obese children: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2006
Jul;118(1):e157-e166.
- Meyer AA, Kundt G, Lenschow U,
Schuff-Werner P, Kienast W. Improvement of early vascular changes and
cardiovascular risk factors in obese children after a six-month exercise
program. J.Am.Coll.Cardiol. 2006 Nov 7;48(9):1865-70.
- Barbeau P, Johnson MH, Howe CA, Allison
J, Davis CL, Gutin B, Lemmon CR. Ten months of exercise improves general and
visceral adiposity, bone, and fitness in black girls. Obesity.(Silver.Spring)
2007 Aug;15(8):2077-85.
- Gutin B, Cucuzzo N, Islam S, Smith C,
Stachura ME. Physical training, lifestyle education, and coronary risk factors
in obese girls. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 1996 Jan;28(1):19-23.
- Treuth MS, Hunter GR, Pichon C,
Figueroa-Colon R, Goran MI. Fitness and energy expenditure after strength
training in obese prepubertal girls. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 1998
Jul;30(7):1130-6.
- Treuth MS, Hunter GR, Figueroa-Colon
R, Goran MI. Effects of strength training on intra-abdominal adipose tissue in
obese prepubertal girls. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 1998 Dec;30(12):1738-43.
- Cotton B, Smith A, Hansen I, Davis C,
Doyle A, Walsh A. Physician-directed primary care intervention to reduce risk
factors for type 2 diabetes in high-risk youth. Am.J.Med.Sci. 2006
Sep;332(3):108-11.
- Nassis GP, Papantakou K, Skenderi K,
Triandafillopoulou M, Kavouras SA, Yannakoulia M, Chrousos GP, Sidossis LS.
Aerobic exercise training improves insulin sensitivity without changes in body
weight, body fat, adiponectin, and inflammatory markers in overweight and obese
girls. Metabolism 2005 Nov;54(11):1472-9.
- Monzavi R, Dreimane D, Geffner ME,
Braun S, Conrad B, Klier M, Kaufman FR. Improvement in risk factors for
metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in overweight youth who are treated
with lifestyle intervention. Pediatrics 2006 Jun;117(6):e1111-e1118.
- Klijn PH, van der Baan-Slootweg OH,
van Stel HF. Aerobic exercise in adolescents with obesity: preliminary
evaluation of a modular training program and the modified shuttle test.
BMC.Pediatr. 2007;7:19.
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