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II
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CORE FUNCTION TWO |
| Assistance to Tribal, State and Local Governments |
OJP's National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research and development arm of DOJ. It is charged with investing public funds to develop knowledge that will reduce crime, enhance public safety, and improve the administration of justice. It conducts and sponsors basic and applied research into the causes and prevention of crime, and tests and evaluates new approaches, techniques and technologies.
In FY 2001, NIJ will support initiatives that are innovative and responsive to strong public safety concerns, especially those that are felt at the community level. The NIJ will build local crime data collection and analysis capacity in urban, suburban, and rural communities to improve models to predict crime in neighborhoods with the use of advanced crime mapping techniques, and test the effectiveness of selected community crime prevention interventions.
The NIJ will also provide technical assistance to state and local governments in using the latest in high technology and science to improve their ability to prevent and investigate crime. The NIJ will build on current efforts to address critical forensic science needs in state and local levels of the criminal justice systems. For instance, NIJ technology centers locate and fund high-priority, hard-to-find forensic capabilities when state and local agencies need support in critical criminal investigations. The NIJ will expand this activity with a new initiative that will award grants to states to improve their investigative and analytic capabilities.
The Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) intends to expand efforts to collect statistics on the incidence of computer crime and cyber-fraud and on the size and scope of the Indian country criminal justice system. There is little statistical information available about these two topics, and these data collections will help the Federal Government to evaluate needs and focus resources more effectively.
MANAGEMENT ISSUES
There are no FY 2001 management issues identified at this time.
PROGRAM EVALUATIONS
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ), a component of the Office of Justice Programs, is the research agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. The NIJ will be involved in the following program evaluations in FY 2001:
Offender Reentry Initiatives - The NIJ will sponsor research on a range of issues pertinent to reentry programs including drug and alcohol testing and treatment outcomes, the ability of transition programs to prepare offenders for return to the community, the effects of family and community ties on job performance and compliance with release conditions, and the attitudes of the business community toward returning offenders as employees. In order to accelerate the adoption of promising approaches, NIJ will develop and test new reentry components and approaches. It will evaluate the results of these field tests as well as a cross section of the projects funded under this joint
Justice/Labor initiative. These results will be communicated rapidly to participating programs through cluster conferences, training materials, and technical assistance.
Community Prosecution Initiative - The NIJ will be responsible for undertaking national evaluation examining both the process of how this major initiative is being implemented, and the impact of community prosecution on local crime problems. In addition, findings in best practices and lessons learned will be disseminated to the field.
Executive Office for Weed and Seed (EOWS) with assistance from NIJ, EOWS - will enhance its data collection and performance assessment capacity so that existing sites can more effectively evaluate the effectiveness of their Weed and Seed strategies. Locally collected data can be very useful to sites in helping them identify what is working and what is not, so that it can be corrected or duplicated. The EOWS is working with the NIJ to design a new element of the program so that it can provide credible ethnographic documentation of local Weed and Seed experiences which will lead to improvements in performance measurements. At the same time, during 1999, the General Accounting Office (GAO) prepared a report discussing ways the Weed and Seed Program can improve measuring the progress of Weed and Seed sites. As a result of both the GAO findings and the work it has completed with NIJ on improving performance measures, EOWS proposes to (1) help sites improve their capacity to do small-scale evaluations by providing technical assistance and (2) look at 22 different variables, such as household income, truancy rates, new business start-ups, home ownership, unemployment, out-of-wedlock births and other measures to get a better sense of the impact the Weed and Seed Program has had at its 200 sites.
Zero Tolerance and Drug Intervention Initiative - Evaluation resources would be devoted to documenting innovative program models and evaluating the two-year impacts of funded initiatives. Every effort will be made to develop comparable information across clusters of similar programs. Resources will be targeted to analyze the implementation process, including difficulties encountered by sites. A central theme of this assessment will be the challenges posed by implementing system-wide coordination and resource sharing. A multi-site impact evaluation of the funded jurisdictions will address several behavioral issues including: (1) the effectiveness of various interventions on reducing drug abuse and subsequent criminality; (2) the differential effectiveness of various testing, graduated sanctions, and treatment combinations; and (3) the effectiveness of using various treatment modalities and the severity of drug addiction problems encountered.
Initiatives addressing tribal issues include: Tribal Criminal and Civil Legal Assistance - This research and evaluation activity will address: (1) developing adult and juvenile innovative indigent defense strategies in Indian Country, (2) studying the impact of civil and legal assistance in Indian Country and (3) evaluating the program. A promising practices document will be coordinated and disseminated by OJP to share information on innovative strategies and practices in the field. Indian Alcohol and Substance Abuse Diversion Program - Alcoholism is the most pervasive substance abuse problem in Indian Country, however drug abuse is a growing problem in some Indian communities. Alcohol and drug abuse are often involved in violent crime, ranging from homicides to child abuse. American Indian victims of crime report that alcohol and drug use was a factor in more than half of the violent crimes committed against them, the highest rate of any group in the Nation. Tribal Youth Mental Health and Behavior Problems Initiative - Tribal Youth Mental Health and Behavior Problems Initiative will support tribal justice systems in helping to prevent juvenile and gang-related violent crime. This initiative provides resources for a range of youth support services and programs to address the needs of native youth with mental health, behavioral, or alcohol and substance abuse problems in various settings such as in the home, school, community, and juvenile justice systems. It will also support training and technical assistance, evaluation, and research on mental health issue of native youth to help build our knowledge and continue to develop effective strategies and services to better assist Indian youth.
Strategic Goal 2.1: Improve the crime-fighting and criminal/juvenile justice system capabilities of state and local governments.
Annual Goal 2.1: Increase distribution of research and statistics; Promote strategies to counter youth violence; Support the criminal justice systems of Indian tribes; Improve domestic preparedness; Increase training, research and assistance relevant to new technologies; and Expand state and local use of the national instant criminal background check system
"All the technology and technology policies in the world will fail to support law enforcement unless our Nation's justice community members can converse with each other and access necessary information from each other in a most secure, efficient and cost effective way."
- Attorney General Janet Reno
STRATEGIES
Crime is primarily a local problem, and DOJ believes the best way to address this problem is to build partnerships with its counterparts in state and local law enforcement. To that end, DOJ works with state and local law enforcement to identify crime problems and develop programs that can prevent and control crime. Information about the nature of crime and possible preventative approaches are disseminated to criminal justice practitioners nationwide by DOJ in a variety of ways, including: demonstration grants, specialized training, criminal justice research, and statistical reports. DOJ also provides state and local law enforcement with direct financial assistance through its formula grant program as well as on-the-scene assistance at the request of state and local law enforcement. The Safe Cities Network is a new initiative recommended by the Vice President's Task Force on Crime Mapping and Data Driven Management in its "Mapping Out Crime" report. The task force was a joint effort of the Department of Justice and the National Partnership for Reinventing Government (NPR).
The Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program, created by the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (Public Law 100-690), emphasizes controlling violent and drug-related crime and serious offenders and fosters multi-jurisdictional and multi-state efforts to support national drug-control priorities. The Safe Cities Network seeks to form performance partnerships between the Federal Government and community-based partners to reduce gun violence. The network will be supported by a National Steering Committee that will include the DOJ's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) and the Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), the Department of the Treasury, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), NPR, the White House Office of Management and Budget, and private sector partners.
Under the Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative, urban, rural, suburban and tribal school districts will receive support to help link community-based services and prevention activities into one community wide approach to violence prevention and healthy child development. This would be accomplished through the Department s of Education, Health and Human Services (HHS), and DOJ's OJJDP and COPS to help communities design and implement comprehensive educational, mental health, social service, law enforcement and juvenile justice services for youth.
MEANS - Annual Goal 2.1
Dollars/FTE
FY 1999
$4,009 2,723
FY 2000
$3,574M 2,985
FY 2001
$2,533M 2,326
Skills
Office of Justice Program's mission requires skills in program development, grant administration, technical assistance, evaluation and implementation and social science research including the collection and analysis of statistical data.
Information
Technology
FBI programs in this core function rely upon: NICS (a national name check system that compares the identity of firearm purchasers against several databases to determined eligibility for firearm purchase), IAFIS (identifies individuals through name, date of birth, and fingerprint comparisons), QSIS (tracks all training conducted at Quantico). In addition, the OJP program is supported by the NCJRS system.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT - Annual Goal 2.1 (indicators 2.1A-2.1F )
2.1A Increase the Distribution of Research and Statistics
The Department, through the Office of Justice Programs' National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), engages in a wide variety of research and statistical gathering efforts covering all aspects of crime and the criminal justice system. BJS collects, analyzes, publishes, and disseminates information on crime, criminal offenders, victims, and the operation of justice systems at all levels of government. The NIJ is the research and development arm of the DOJ, charged with developing knowledge to reduce crime, enhance public safety, and improve the administration of justice. In 2001, the NIJ proposes further expansion of its Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program, the only federally-funded drug use prevalence program to directly address the relationship between drug use and criminal behavior. It is also the only program to provide drug use estimates based on urinalysis results, which have proven to be the most reliable method of determining recent drug use. The ADAM program obtains voluntary, anonymous interview and urine samples from arrestees at selected booking facilities throughout the United States. Additional funding will expand ADAM to another 25 sites, reaching the 50 most populous cities.
Chart displaying Research, Evaluation,
Statistics, and Reports Provided (OJP,NIJ,BJS)
FY 1998 Actual = 1.9 Million
FY 1999 Actual = 2.1 Million
FY 2000 Projected = 2.4 Million
FY 2001 Projected = 2.4 Million
Chart displaying the number of Adam
Sites in Operation (NIJ)
FY 1998 Actual = 35
FY 1999 Actual = 35
FY 2000 Projected = 35
FY 2001 Projected = 50
Data Collection and Storage: The Justice Technology Information Network (JUSTNET) website, a gateway to the services of NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center System; the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD) website sponsored by BJS; and BJS's Source book of Criminal Justice Statistics Online all have information systems, which track user inquiries and responses. ADAM site information is collected from active sites and stored in NIJ files.
Data Validation and Verification: The Office of Justice Programs' National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) validate and verify performance measures through progress reports submitted by grantees, onsite monitoring of grantee performance by grant program managers, and telephone contact. Through a management information system, the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS), a collection of clearinghouses supporting all OJP bureaus and offices, validates and verifies request for publications.
Data Limitations: Indicators are being reviewed to more clearly define categories (e.g., research, evaluations, statistics, and reports).
Crosscutting Activities:
BJS, in coordination with the Bureau of the Census, the EOUSA, the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, the U.S. Sentencing Commission; the BOP and DOJ criminal statistical programs, such as the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting program and National Incident-Based Reporting System are conducting data collection activities to provide information for research, evaluations and reports. The FBI, DEA, USMS, and USAO and other federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies are using ADAM data to determine detailed trends in drug use.
2.1B Promote Strategies to Counter Youth Violence
In 1997, the Department's Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) awarded three communities demonstration grants to implement the Partnership to Reduce Juvenile Gun Violence program. The program is based on research showing that community assessment of the local youth gun violence problems should guide program development, and that strategies designed to reduce gun violence should be comprehensive and theory-driven, and include suppression, intervention, and prevention components. The program goals are designed to: (1) reduce illegal gun availability to juveniles; (2)reduce of the incidence of juveniles illegally carrying guns committing gun related crimes; (3) increase youth awareness of the personal and legal consequences of gun violence; (4) increase participation of community residents and organizations in juvenile violence reduction efforts; and (5) increase and coordinate services and resources for at-risk juveniles, especially juveniles involved in the juvenile justice system. Reduction in the number of juveniles arrests in gun-related crimes will be captured in FY 2001 as one indicator of success of the program.
Chart displaying the Percent Reduction
in Juvenile Gun-related Arrests (OJP)
FY 2001 Projected = 10% Reduction
Data Collection and Storage: Information is obtained through program site data collection and maintained by the site and program monitor.
Data Validation and Verification: Grant monitors perform on-site monitoring of grantee performance as well as program evaluations.
Data Limitations: None known at this time.
Crosscutting Activities:
The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) has recently been involved in the Safe Schools/Healthy Students Program, where DOJ (the COPS Office and OJJDP ), the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Department of Education pooled resources and created one, unified application process where school districts could apply for an array of funding to implement comprehensive strategies to address school violence.
2.1C Support the Criminal Justice Systems of Indian Tribes
DOJ has initiated several new grant programs that address the needs of courts, police departments, and corrections in Indian Country. In addition, the FBI has created an Office of Indian Country Investigations (OICI) within its Violent Crime and Major Offenders Section. In FY 2001, the FBI will work with tribal authorities to combat and reduce the incidence of violent crime on Indian reservations, especially that related to gang activity, through the use of Safe Trails Task Forces, and the identification of particular enforcement priorities. DOJ will continue to provide grants to Indian tribes to construct jails and enhance their court systems and police departments. In 2001, DOJ proposes to expand its grant program in several areas, including tribal courts, forensic examinations and evidence collection, juvenile justice initiatives, and substance abuse treatment and sanctions.
Chart displaying the Number of Grants
Provided to Indian Tribes (COPS)
FY 1998 Actual = 99
FY 1999 Actual = 189
FY 2000 Projected = 250
FY 2001 Projected = 200
Chart displaying the Increase in Cases
on Indian Lands (USA, FBI)
FY 1998 Actual = 680 USA cases and 1,830 FBI cases
FY 1999 Actual = 680 USA cases and 2,030 FBI cases
FY 2000 Not Projected
FY 2001 Not Projected
Data Collection and Storage: The COPS Office keeps automated records of all of its grants on its COPS Management System (CMS). From that database, information can be accessed regarding individual grants and grantees. Special runs can also be made to aggregate data on specific subgroups of grantees for management purposes. The COPS Office will use CMS to gather the data for its performance indicator.
Data Validation and Verification: The Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) closely monitors grantees to validate and verify performance measures by using progress reports submitted by grantees, onsite monitoring, and telephone contact. Through these tracking mechanisms, BJA keeps records to assess Tribal courts caseload and ratio of cases heard to cases closed.
Data Limitations: None known at this time.
Data Collection and Storage: The data source for the number of arrests and convictions is the FBI's Monthly Administrative Report (MAR) and the Integrated Statistical Reporting and Analysis Application (ISRAA). The MAR is a system that tracks the number of cases opened, pending, and closed within any given time period. The ISRAA is a centralized database whereby the FBI tracks statistical accomplishments of cases from inception to closure e.g., arrests, locates, informations, indictments, and convictions.
Data Validation and Verification issues: Before data are entered into the ISRAA system they are reviewed and approved by an FBI field manager. Data in both systems are subsequently verified through the FBI's inspection process. Inspections occur on a 2 to 3 year cycle, depending on funding. Using statistical sampling methods data is traced back to source documents contained in FBI files.
Data Limitations: None known at this time.
NOTE: In accordance with Department guidance, targeted levels of performance are not projected for certain indicator types within this goal
Crosscutting Activities:
Department of Justice offices responsible for programs affecting Indian Country meet on a regular basis with frequent participation from representatives from the Department of Interior's Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). In addition, the Office of Tribal Justice (OTJ) was formed to coordinate tribal issues for DOJ and increase the responsiveness of DOJ. In FY 2001, DOJ requests that this office be permanently established within the office of the Associate Attorney General.
The FBI has established partnerships and strategies with its tribal and Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) law enforcement counterparts to investigate all Federal crimes occurring in Indian Country. One strategy, the Safe Trails Task Force, maximizes limited FBI, tribal and BIA personnel resources to effectively address significant violent crime.
2.1D Improve Domestic Preparedness
DOJ will continue its efforts to improve the Nation's capacity to respond to incidents of terrorism involving weapons of mass destruction. Most state and local governments lack the specialized equipment and expertise needed to effectively respond to terrorist attacks using chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons. Federal leadership in counterterrorism technology development, training and equipment acquisition, therefore, will result in better-prepared state and local public safety agencies.
In FY 2001, OJP will continue to provide assistance to state and local governments by implementing several targeted training programs focusing on basic awareness and advanced level training to first responders, and by providing grants designed to provide state and local emergency response agencies with resources to procure equipment critical to an effective response capability. The training targets and actuals displayed below include the number of first responders trained at the Center for Domestic Preparedness and emergency first responders trained by the consortium.
Chart displaying the Number of First
Responders Trained (OJP) (Including the CDP and the Consortium)
FY 1999 Actual = 2828
FY 2000 Projected = 2000
FY 2001 Projected = 7800
Data Collection and Storage: Currently, the Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS) tracks the number of students trained and states and jurisdictions represented on a simplified computer based system.
Data Validation and Verification: Application information is retained in the training office of the Center for Domestic Preparedness (CDP). Applications are verified against the applicant and further information is obtained and entered in a database. This information is cross referenced against the electronic ticket issued by the CDP on-site coordinator.
Data Limitations: None known at this time.
Crosscutting Activities:
The OSLDPS coordinates with the FBI's National Domestic Preparedness Office (NDPO). These offices are responsible for coordinating domestic preparedness programs and activities throughout the Federal Government to ensure that a robust crisis and consequence infrastructure is established nationwide to address the threat posed by terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction. In addition, OSLDPS works with the DOD, NSC, FEMA, and DOE in carrying out its mission to better serve state and local governments.
2.1E Increase Training, Research, and Assistance Relevant to New Technologies
The Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI's) Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) was developed to sustain the FBI's mission to provide identification services to the Nation's law enforcement community and to organizations where criminal background histories are a critical factor in consideration for employment. The IAFIS will serve the FBI well into the 21st century and represents a quantum leap in communications, computing, and data storage and retrieval technologies.
The IAFIS provides ten-print, latent print, subject search, and criminal history request services, document submission, and image request services to FBI Service Providers, and federal, state, and local law enforcement users. IAFIS was procured as three segments: the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) segment, the Interstate Identification Index (III) segment, and the Identification, Tasking, and Networking (ITN) segment. Each segment provides discrete capabilities and works in conjunction with the other segments to support FBI Service Providers and external users in their law enforcement capacities.
The FBI Academy is located on the United States Marine Corps Base at Quantico, Virginia, and is responsible for providing five general areas of training. One area is the Field Police Training Program, which serves as the foundation for the FBI's comprehensive training assistance to local, county, and state law enforcement. The goals of this program are to render training assistance regarding investigative, managerial, technical, and administrative aspects of law enforcement. FBI police instructors also provide, upon request, education and training programs throughout the United States, thus, contributing to the enhanced professionalism in American law enforcement.
The NIJ's Computer Forensic Crime Laboratory Enhancement Program, addresses the need for greater investigative resources to combat the rising levels of electronic crime. This program will enhance the acquisition of key resources, such as comprehensive knowledge regarding the characteristics of electronic crime, uniform training and certification for crime analysts and investigators, and access to up-to-date technological tools and equipment. The NIJ will develop and support several Technical Working Groups (TWG) dedicated to creating guidelines for investigative and forensic sciences. The new protocols and national guidelines and standards will be drawn from a broad-based consensus from criminal justice professionals to ensure the sound identification, collection, and preservation of forensic evidence and its presentation in the courtroom. In addition NIJ will develop criteria for training investigators.
The NIJ also plans to expand the development, testing, and replication of "Smart Gun" technologies that will reduce the cost to human life resulting from the use of weapons taken intentionally or accidentally from local law enforcement officers. Currently, there are four different and promising techniques for "Smart Gun" development - radio frequency, biometric, ultrasonic, and touch memory. Once fully developed and tested, these "Smart Gun" technologies will allow law enforcement officers' weapons to be more safely and reliably secured.
Chart displaying Computer Forensic
Lab Protocols Established and Disseminated (OJP)
FY 2001 Projected = 15
Data Collection and Storage: Data is collected at the completion of panel meeting and when information is disseminated. Information is maintained in local files.
Data Validation and Verification: The NIJ validates and verifies performance measures for this program through maintenance of program manager files as panel meetings are convened (3-4) and panel work is completed; materials are drafted, published, and disseminated; and curricula are developed. The program manager is fully engaged in each stage as the work products is developed and is thereby able to track program throughout the year in an accurate and consistent fashion.
Data Limitations: None known at this time.
Chart displaying the Average Response
Time for Fingerprint Identification Under IAFIS (FBI)
FY 1998 Actual = 744 hours for Criminal and 528 hours for Civil
FY 1999 Actual = 504 hours for Criminal and 312 hours for Civil
FY 2000 Projected = 2 hours for Criminal and 24 hours for Civil
FY 2001 Projected = 2 hours for Criminal and 24 hours for Civil
Chart displaying Law Enforcement and
Regulatory Personnel Trained (FBI, OJP)
FY 1998 Actual = 3537 trained at Quantico and 710 trained in Computer Crime
FY 1999 Actual = 3812 trained at Quantico and 1301 trained in Computer Crime
FY 2000 Projected = 3556 trained at Quantico and 2000 trained in Computer Crime
FY 2001 Projected = 5130 trained at Quantico and 3000 trained in Computer Crime
Chart displaying the Percent of Law
Enforcement Officers Utilizing Smart Guns (via Radio Frequency) (OJP)
FY 2001 Projected = 35%
Data Collection and Storage: For FY 1998/9, the Identification Automated Services (IDAS) system was used to track response times for fingerprint submissions. For FY 2000+, the FBI expects to use data from IAFIS. The Quantico Student Information System (QSIS) is used to track volume of criminal training. The number trained in computer crime is based on the number of registered students and is collected and maintained by the National White Collar Crime Center. Smart Gun data is obtained through progress reports and maintained in program manager files.
Data Validation and Verification: A sampling of fingerprint cards is flagged and response times are tracked to verify data from the IDAS. The Quantico administrative manager reviews QSIS data for validity. BJA program managers monitor the National White Collars Crime Centers data. Smart Gun validation is accomplished during onsite monitoring visits conducted approximately five time annually by the program manager to establish grantee performance. Additionally, information for interim updates is obtained via telephone contact with grantees .
Data Limitations: It is not possible to provide a reliable response time measurement for IAFIS during the first months of operation (July - September 1999) due to downtime for system adjustments. IAFIS has both manual and electronic submission processes. The manual submission process has no tracking matrix. Data integrity will improve as the proportion of fingerprint submissions received electronically increases.
There are no known data limitations regarding the Smart Guns information.
Crosscutting Activities:
The operational IAFIS represents a partnership among the FBI and state, local, and other Federal law enforcement agencies faced with the problem of criminals changing jurisdictions and their identities to avoid apprehension. The IAFIS was created in response to the user community's desire for quicker turnaround of fingerprint submissions.
OJP in coordination with state and local justice departments, as well as other Federal agencies, provides direct assistance through training and developing/implementing comprehensive statewide strategies for improvements to the operation of criminal justice systems. This includes interaction with National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center system and the National Cybercrime Training Partnership.
2.1F Expand State and Local Use of the National Instant Criminal Background Check System
The Brady Act requires Federal Firearm Licensees (FFLs) to request background checks on individuals attempting to purchase a firearm. The Act also required the establishment of a National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) that any FFL may contact by telephone, or other electronic means, for information to be supplied immediately, on whether the receipt of a firearm by a prospective transferee would violate Federal or state law. The FBI conducts NICS background checks for all firearm purchases for 27 states and territories and long gun purchase for 11 states. Point of Contact states (15 in all), conduct checks for all firearm purchases within their respective state. The Nation's system of background checks for gun purchases has already blocked 179,000 gun sales to ineligible persons.
Chart displaying the Number of Criminal
Background Checks (FBI)
FY 1999 Actual = 3.35 Million
FY 2000 Projected = 4.81 Million
FY 2001 Projected = 5.05 Million
Chart displaying the number of Persons
with Criminal Records Prevented from Purchasing Firearms (FBI)
FY 1999 Actual = 62,189
FY 2000 Projected = 140,224
FY 2001 Not Projected
Data Collection and Storage: The NICS Operations Call Center retains records on the calls made from FFLs directly to the FBI. Data are taken directly from the NICS.
Data Validation and Verification: Analysts advise management of daily volume for NICS checks to ensure validity of system generated data.
Data Limitations: Results of recent BJS surveys, supported under the NCHIP program, indicate that the number of criminal history records which are complete and instantly available through the national system has risen steadily since the late 1980's.
* NOTE: This indicator is not part of the component's performance plan, however, because of its value as an indicator of the success of NICS it is included here.
In accordance with Department guidance, targeted levels of performance are not projected for certain indicator types within this goal
DOJ provides discretionary grants to states to upgrade their criminal history, criminal justice, and identification record systems, and promote compatibility and participation in federal, state, and local criminal justice database systems. Criminal history records are records supported by fingerprint identification which show an arrest and any subsequent dispositions, such as a conviction or acquittal. Funds may also be used to support participation in the FBI's Interstate Identification Index which facilitates the interstate exchange of criminal history records for law enforcement and related purposes, such as presale firearm checks, as well as the collection and flagging of records of persons convicted of stalking and domestic violence, including persons subject to, and/or convicted of, violations of protective orders.
Chart displaying Awards Made During
the Fiscal Year to Assist States and Territories (OJP, BJS)
FY 1998 Actual = 51
FY 1999 Actual = 55
FY 2000 Projected = 50
FY 2001 Projected = 50
Data Collection and Storage: Information is obtained by reviewing the Office of the Comptroller records maintained in the Comptroller's repository.
Data Validation and Verification: Program managers review project reports as well as grantee progress reports. This includes monitoring OC data, FBI reports and published survey findings.
Data Limitations: None known at this time.
Crosscutting Activities:
The NICS is a "partnership" amongst the FBI, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), and state, local, and other Federal agencies as Federal and state agencies contribute records for inclusion in the system. The National Criminal History Improvement Program (NCHIP) interaction is with the FBI, and state and local law enforcement officials.
Strategic Goal 2.2: Strengthen and improve community police services and, by the year 2000, increase the number of officers funded by 100,000 over 1992 levels.
Annual Goal 2.2: Advance the implementation of community policing
In making America's thin blue line thicker and stronger, our Nation will be safer."
- President Clinton
STRATEGIES
In FY 2001, DOJ, through its Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Office, will increase the number of officers on the beat and promote the concept of community policing nationwide. The Department met the strategic goal of funding 100,000 officers per year ahead of the targeted time frame and has since extended its goal to funding up to 150,000 officers by the end of FY 2005.Community policing is a strategy that builds on fundamental policing practices with an emphasis on crime prevention and lasting solutions to problems. A fundamental shift from traditional, reactive policing, community policing stresses the prevention of crime before it occurs. Core components of community policing include partnering with the community; problem solving; and transforming policing agencies to support and empower front-line officers, decentralize command and encourage innovative problem solving.
Community policing opens lines of communication between the police and residents. Police officers and sheriffs deputies, as public servants who interact with citizens on a daily basis, have a unique opportunity to demonstrate the importance of citizen involvement in the community. In turn, they realize that their authority and effectiveness are linked directly to the support they receive from citizens.
MEANS - Annual Goal 2.2
Dollars/FTE
FY 1999
$1,194M 197
FY 2000
$419M 235
FY 2001
$543M 238
Skills
Successful implementation of the COP's mission requires skilled administrators with expertise in program development, grant administration, technical assistance, program evaluation, grant monitoring and implementation.
Information
Technology
The program relies upon data from the Program Accountability Library (PAL) (a term used to describe several different tracking systems used by OJP). These systems track and provide detailed, statistical reports. In addition, COPS relies on its own case management system.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT - Annual Goal 2.2 (indicators 2.2A-2.2B)
"These funds will assist local communities and school systems in working collaboratively to develop comprehensive approaches to reduce violent behavior in our young people. We've been preaching collaboration at the community level for years. Now we're finally doing it on a significant scale at the Federal level."
-Attorney General Janet Reno
2.2A Advance Implementation of Community Policing
DOJ's COPS Program has helped the concept of community policing gain momentum throughout the Country. Through the efforts of local officials and the assistance of the COPS Office, more than 87 percent of the Nation is served by departments that employ community policing. The COPS Office operates a network of 28 Regional Community Policing Institutes (RCPIs) across the Nation that provide advanced community policing training. These institutes are essential elements of COPS' strategy to promote advanced community policing and to develop and implement grass-roots community policing strategies.
The COPS Office awards grants based on the number of officers a jurisdiction estimates it can afford to fund, however, the actual number of officers can either increase or decrease from that initial estimate based on many factors including: the success of a jurisdictions' officer recruitment efforts; the actual availability of local matching funds (which could vary from initial estimates based on funding appropriated by local governments); and the number of officers that successfully complete academy training.
Chart displaying the number of New
Police Officers Funded and on the Streets (COPS)
FY 1998 Actual = 88,030 funded and 46,544 on the street
FY 1999 Actual = 103,720 funded and 59,103 on the street
FY 2000 Not Projected
FY 2001 Not Projected
Data Collection and Storage: The COPS Management System tracks all individual grants made by the COPS Office. This internal database can be queried to determine the number of officers funded.
Data Validation and Verification: The COPS Office also does a survey of police agencies, called the COPS Count Survey, to follow-up with jurisdictions on how many COPS-funded officers they have on the street
Data Limitations: The COPS MORE grantees are required to develop and maintain tracking systems of the FTEs able to be redeployed to the streets as a result of the technology purchased or civilian personnel hired to perform administrative tasks. Developing and maintaining these systems has been a great challenge to grantees. The resulting data is not entirely reliable. In order to develop appropriate systems and generate reliable data, grantees require one-on-one technical assistance which is a management challenge for the small COPS staff. Therefore, the COPS office is considering adopting a sampling method to track MORE grantee's progress in redeploying, rather than the current method of contacting all grantees three times a year.
NOTE: Targets are not identified as OMB and DOJ are refining the projection model affecting this indicator.
Crosscutting Activities:
The COPS office works on joint projects with some of the bureaus within the Office of Justice Programs such as the NIJ, the BJS, BJA, and OJJDP. The COPS Office works on joint projects with other agencies on a limited basis. One recent example is the Safe Schools/Healthy Students Program, where DOJ (the COPS Office and the Office of Justice Programs' Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention), the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Department of Education pooled resources and created one, unified application process.
Strategic Goal 2.3: Support innovative, community-based strategies aimed at reducing crime, delinquency and violence in our communities.
Annual Goal 2.3: Assist communities in the resolution of ethnic and racial tension; Assist communities in the reduction of violent crime and support community-based initiatives; and Reduce drug court participants committing crimes while in the program
STRATEGIES
Community-based initiatives and the use of local comprehensive strategies give citizens a real opportunity to solve problems and shows great promise in preventing crime. This can be accomplished by establishing or enhancing state and local drug courts to provide specialized treatment and rehabilitations for certain nonviolent substance abuse offenders. In FY 2001, through the Office of Justice Programs, and the Community Relations Service, DOJ will continue to provide assistance to state and local governments with community-based strategies to fight crime and reduce violence and racial tension. As part of this strategy, the Community Relations Service and the Office of Justice Programs will engage communities in developing strategies that focus on bringing together the energy of community leaders, organizations, and citizens to work towards crime-prevention and providing safe neighborhoods and communities for all Americans.
MEANS - Annual Goal 2.3
Dollars/FTE
FY 1999
$393M 110
FY 2000
$357M 126
FY 2001
$562M 227
Skills
CRS requires conciliation specialists, managers, and program specialists in order to meet the performance goals. Conciliation specialists must be skilled in conflict resolution and violence prevention techniques. In addition, the managers and program specialists require skills in needs analysis; technical assistance; and program development, implementation, and evaluation.
Information
Technology
The program relies upon data from the Program Accountability Library (PAL) (a term used to describe several different tracking systems used by OJP).
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION - Annual Goal 2.3 (indicators 2.3A-2.3C )
2.3A Assist Communities in the Resolution of Ethnic and Racial Tension
Through the Community Relations Service (CRS), DOJ will continue to improve and expand delivery of conciliation and conflict resolution services to local jurisdictions in FY 2001. These services include, establishment of community cooperation and partnerships, improvement of preparedness for civil disorders and unrest, and enhancement of local conflict resolution capacity.
Chart displaying the number of Case
Where CRS Assistance Averted Potential Violence or Disorder (CRS)
FY 1998 Actual = 80
FY 1999 Actual = 129
FY 2000 Projected = 154
FY 2001 Projected = 178
Chart displaying the Number of Communities
Capable of Responding to Racial and Ethnic Tension (CRS)
FY 1998 Actual = 251
FY 1999 Actual = 262
FY 2000 Projected = 288
FY 2001 Projected = 330
Data Collection and Storage: CRS collects and maintains data in a case management system, CRSIS. CRSIS establishes standard criteria for recording and classifying casework.
Data Validation and Verification: CRS regional directors review and approve case information entered into CRSIS; the data is reviewed and verified by analysts and managers at CRS HQ.
Data Limitations: In FY 2000, CRS will develop and implement a revised case management system to: improve the accuracy of data collection; better describe the work undertaken; and permit easier extraction of information required for various reports and information requests. This revised system will provide CRS with tools to allow better assessment and evaluation of the patterns of casework for programmatic improvement.
Crosscutting Activities:
CRS works with state and local governments and community groups to develop strategies to prevent and respond to civil disorder. CRS collaborates with the U.S. Attorneys (USAs), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Criminal Division, CRT, Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS), Office of Justice Programs (OJP), Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), Office of Tribal Justice (OTJ), and state and local officials to improve communications and cooperation between minority communities and law enforcement agencies.
2.3B Assist Communities in the Reduction of Violent Crime and Support Community-Based Initiatives
The Weed and Seed Program, administered by the Executive Office for Weed and Seed, is DOJ's flagship community-based program. Since 1991, this program has grown from three to over 200 sites nationwide. The Weed and Seed Program assists communities in establishing strategies that link federal, state and local law enforcement and criminal justice efforts with private sector and community efforts. It assists communities in "weeding out" violent crime, gang activity, drug use and drug trafficking in targeted neighborhoods and then "seeding" the targeted areas with programs that lead to social and economic rehabilitation and revitalization. In addition to the weeding and seeding aspects of the strategy, the Weed and Seed sites engage in community policing activities that foster pro-active police-community engagement and problem solving.
In August 1999, a contractor published a National Impact Evaluation on the Weed and Seed Program, which focused on eight sites exemplifying different aspects of the program. In six of the eight Weed and Seed sites studied, clear evidence exists that Part I crime (homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny and auto theft) declined more rapidly than in comparable areas and was, over the course of the program attributable to Weed and Seed Program efforts. Furthermore, the evaluation found that Weed and Seed funding acted as a significant catalyst for general community revitalization efforts and that most target area communities have undertaken programs and created beneficial community organizations that likely would not have come into existence without Weed and Seed.
Chart displaying the Community Policing
Activities Used by Sites Participating in Weed and Seed (OJP)
FY 1998 Actual = 117 communities used Foot Patrols, 131 communities used Bike
Patrols, 119 communities used Substations, and 142 communities used Crime Watch
Data Collection and Storage: EOWS collects this data is from grantees on an annual basis.
Validation and Verification: EOWS validates and verifies performance measures though a review of progress reports submitted by grantees, telephone contact, and onsite monitoring of grantee performance by program managers.
Data Limitation: Data for 1999 will not be available until May 2000. Since these activities are reflective of the communities' strategies and are not required by the program, projections cannot be made. Also, although such activities may have an impact on the reduction of crime, there has been no statistical evidence to support that.
Crosscutting Activities:
Within DOJ, OJP works with the U.S. Attorneys. Outside of the Department, OJP coordinates with the National Governors Association, local law enforcement, and various community and civic leaders. In addition, it partners with the Department of Labor and the Department of Education.
2.3C Reduce Drug Court Participants Committing Crimes While in the Program
In FY 2001, DOJ will continue to support the Drug Courts initiative. The Office of Justice Programs expects that approximately 80% of drug court participants will not commit other crimes while participating in a drug court program. Increased funding in FY 2001 will allow the Drug Courts Program to establish new drug courts, provide the additional assistance needed for new grantees, and further the national evaluation of drug courts, as well as, contribute to a new research initiative concerning the dependency court system's response to child abuse and neglect initiative. The Drug Court Program Office (DCPO) provides financial and technical assistance for states, state courts, units of local government, local courts and Indian Tribal governments to develop and implement treatment drug courts that employ the coercive power of the courts to subject non-violent offenders to an integrated mix of treatment, drug testing, incentives and sanctions to break the cycle of substance abuse and crime. The drug court movement began as a grass roots, community-level response to reduce crime and substance abuse among criminal justice offenders. A drug court brings together the court, other criminal justice agencies and the treatment community to create a paradigm shift when intervening with substance abusing offenders. The DCPO fully supports this grass roots, community-level movement by awarding drug court grants, technical assistance, and training.
Chart displaying the Number of New
Drug Courts (OJP)
FY 1998 Actual = 112
FY 1999 Actual = 108
FY 2000 Projected = 75
FY 2001 Projected = 54
Chart displaying the Percent of Drug
Court Participants Not Commiting Crimes During Program Participation (OJP)
FY 1998 Actual = 85%
FY 1999 Actual = 80%
FY 2000 Projected = 80%
FY 2001 Projected = 80%
Data Collection and Storage: Data is obtained from reports submitted by grantees; telephone contact, and onsite monitoring of grantees' performance by grant program managers. Additionally, the OJP Drug Court Clearinghouse and Technical Assistance Project, a collaborative effort with American University, provides data to measure performance.
Data Validation and Verification: Implementation of performance measures will be validated and verified through a review of the data by Drug Courts Program Office Program Managers surveying grantees and reviewing data.
Data Limitations: The number of new drug courts data is supported by evaluative measures. For the percent of drug courts this is self reported and data is not verified through evaluative measures.
* NOTE: Although this chart reflects the original FY 2000 target of 75 new drug courts, the current projection is 40. The reduction is due to a change in the implementation grant period (increasing from 2 to 3 years) which reduced the number of grants in FY 2000 and the corresponding drug courts expected to come on-line.
Crosscutting Activities:
The Drug Courts Program Office (DCPO) coordinates with other parts of the Justice Department as well as the Department of Health and Human Services' Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and the Office of National Drug Control Policy.
Strategic Goal 2.4: Uphold the rights of, and improve services to, America's crime victims.
Annual Goal 2.4: Expand victim services and implement child victims support programs
STRATEGIES
The Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) objectives include: (1) the enactment and enforcement of consistent, fundamental rights for crime victims in federal, state, juvenile, military, and tribal justice systems through a Victims Rights Constitutional Amendment; (2) comprehensive quality services for all victims; (3) integration of crime victims' issues into all levels of the country's education system to increase public awareness; (4) comprehensive quality training for service providers who work with crime victims to help "professionalize" the field; (5) a National Crime Victims Agenda to provide a guide for long term action; (6) international leadership role in promoting effective and sensitive victim services and rights around the world; and (7) a central role for crime victims in the country's response to violence and victimization.
The Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency and Prevention's Missing and Exploited Children's Program (MECP) mission is to reduce the incidences of crimes against children, particularly kidnaping and sexual exploitation, and to improve the criminal justice (by strengthening court appointed special advocate (CASA) programs and improving the prosecution and court management of child abuse cases), social services and treatment systems that are responsible for dealing with these crimes when they occur. MECP is responsible for coordinating Federal missing and exploited children activities, providing a national resource center and clearinghouse, and supporting research, training, technical assistance, and demonstration programs to enhance the overall response to missing children and their families.
MEANS - Annual Goal 2.4
Dollars/FTE
FY 1999
$433M 187
FY 2000
$598M 277
FY 2001
$835M 343
Skills
The program requires skilled administrators with expertise in program development, grant administration, technical assistance, evaluation and implementation. In addition to staff with expertise social science research including the collection and analysis of statistical data.
Information
Technology
OJP relies on data provided by its Program Accountability Library (PAL) which is an internal automated grant cataloguing system.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT - Annual Goal 2.4 (indicators 2.4A-2.4B )
2.4A Expand Victim Services
The Office of Victims of Crime (OVC) is committed to enhancing the Nation's capacity to assist crime victims and to provide leadership through policies and practices that promote justice and healing for crime victims. In FY 2001, OVC will improve the criminal justice system response to victims of crime, including Native American crime victims through the delivery of direct services and funding, training and technical assistance.
Chart displaying the Percent of States
with Long-Range Funding Strategies for Victim Programs (OVC)
FY 1998 Actual = 85%
FY 1999 Actual = 84%
FY 2000 Projected = 90%
FY 2001 Projected = 95%
Chart displaying the Percent of States
Implementing Needs Assessments to Identify Gaps in Victim Services (OVC)
FY 1998 Actual = 85%
FY 1999 Actual = 84%
FY 2000 Projected = 95%
FY 2001 Projected = 95%
Data Collection and Storage: Data will be obtained through progress reports submitted by grantees, on-site monitoring, telephone contacts and technical assistance visits. The data will be stored in files.
Data Validation and Verification: OVC closely monitors grantees to validate and verify performance measures by using progress reports submitted by grantees, onsite monitoring, and telephone contact. State administrators of VOCA compensation programs can now access an Internet based ListServ which allows them to link to approximately 100 OVC field constituents as well as to OVC. This is a valuable tool for sharing data and exchanging information on model programs.
Data Limitations: None. known at this time.
Crosscutting Activities:
OVC closely coordinates with those involved with community justice initiatives (COPS, community corrections, local and state officials) in jurisdictions across the country.
2.4B Implement Child Victim Support Programs
The Missing Children Program funds are used to enhance the efforts of state and local communities in their comprehensive response to missing and exploited children issues through such activities as direct assistance in planning and program development; developing and disseminating policies, procedures and programmatic information related to search teams, investigations, and crisis intervention activities; reunification of youth with their families; and issues related to victimization of families and youth involved in the missing and exploitation problem. Children represent one-quarter of American crime victims.
The Office of Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) views Court Appointed Special Advocates Program (CASA) (CASA funds local programs to support court appointed special advocates in their efforts to assist overburdened court officials and social workers),not only as a safety net for abused and neglected children, but also as an essential ally in delinquency prevention. Research shows that abused and neglected children are at increased risk of repeating the same violent behavior they experience, and hence at increased risk of becoming delinquents and adult criminals. The CASA-supported system interrupts this cycle.
Chart displaying the number of Personnel
Trained in Missing Exploited Children's Issues (OJP)
FY 1998 Actual = 46,543
FY 1999 Actual = 47,412
FY 2000 Projected = 40,000
FY 2001 Projected = 48,000
Chart displaying the Number of Missing
Children Hotline Calls (OJP)
FY 1998 Actual = 133,732
FY 1999 Actual = 125,169
FY 2000 Projected = 135,00
FY 2001 Projected = 135,000
Chart displaying the Number of Children
Served by the CASA Program (OVC)
FY 1998 Actual = 172,000
FY 1999 Actual = 183,339
FY 2000 Projected = 180,000
FY 2001 Projected = 198,000
Data Collection and Storage: Data will be obtained through progress reports submitted by grantees, on-site monitoring, and data stored in internal files.
Data Validation and Verification: Data will be validated and verified through a review of progress reports submitted by grantees; telephone contact, and onsite monitoring of grantees' performance by grant program managers. Additionally, Fox Valley Technical College and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children have management information systems, which have the capacity to verify and validate training components and hot line calls, respectively.
Data Limitations: None known at this time.
Crosscutting Activities:
OVC and OJJDP work with national, international, state, military, and tribal victim assistance, and criminal justice agencies, as well as other professional organization, to promote fundamental rights and comprehensive services for crime victims.
Strategic Goal 2.5: Reduce the incidence of violence against women.
Annual Goal 2.5: Expand programs to reduce violence against women
"Almost 5 million American women ages 12 years and older annually were raped, robbed or assaulted or were the victim of a threatened or attempted violent crime in 1992 and 1993. Almost three-quarters of these attacks were committed by someone the victim knew."
Source: Department of Justice National Crime Victimization Survey, August 1995
STRATEGY
The Violence Against Women Office (VAWO) will help to strengthen the criminal justice system's response to crimes of violence committed against women by awarding grants and providing training and technical assistance to help communities strengthen their capabilities to respond to violence against women at every stage of the criminal justice system. VAWO programs will fund the development and implementation of a coordinated community response to violence against women, emphasizing the safety of women who are victims of violence.
MEANS - Annual Goal 2.5
Dollars/FTE
FY 1999
$260M 47
FY 2000
$272M 63
FY 2001
$284M 93
Skills
The program requires skilled administrators with expertise in program development, grant administration, technical assistance, evaluation and implementation. In addition to staff with expertise social science research including the collection and analysis of statistical data.
Information
Technology
The program relies upon data from the Program Accountability Library (PAL) (a term used to describe several different tracking systems used by OJP).
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT - Annual Goal 2.5 (indicator 2.5A)
2.5A Expand Programs to Reduce Violence Against Women
In FY 2001, the Violence Against Women Office (VAWO) will strengthen the criminal justice system's response to crimes of violence committed against women and enhance the services available to victims of such violence through grants to states, local government, Indian Tribal Governments, and other public and private entities. These grants help communities strengthen their response to violence against women at every stage of the criminal justice system and emphasize their safety. In FY 2001, VAWO expects to expand efforts to strengthen Civil Legal Assistance to domestic violence victims.
The Grants to Encourage Arrest Programs is designed to encourage state, units of local government, and Indian Tribal Governments to treat domestic violence as a serious violation of the law. The funds will be used to shape a unified, coordinated response to domestic violence that includes aggressive enforcement of protection orders, arrest and prosecution of batterers, supervision of and intervention with batterers, and legal and support services for victims as their cases proceed through the criminal justice system. The Rural Domestic Violence Program provides funds to communities for education and prevention strategies to ensure appropriate judicial response to domestic violence and child abuse.
Chart displaying the number of States,
Localities and Tribal Governments with Coordinated Justice Programs (OJP, VAWO)
FY 1998 Actual = 117
FY 1999 Actual = 137
FY 2000 Projected = 157
FY 2001 Projected = 157
Chart displaying the number of Grantees
with Mandatory or Pro-Arrest Policy (OJP, VAWO)
FY 1998 Actual = 115
FY 1999 Actual = 32
FY 2000 Projected = 60
FY 2001 Projected = 60
Chart displaying the number of Jurisdictions
Providing Services in Rural Areas Previously Under-served (OJP, VAWO)
FY 1998 Actual = 49
FY 1999 Actual = 68
FY 2000 Projected = 60
FY 2001 Projected = 60
Data Collection and Storage: Data will be obtained through progress reports submitted by grantees, on-site monitoring, and data stored in internal files.
Data Validation and Verification: Data will be validated and verified through a review of progress reports submitted by grantees; telephone contact, and onsite monitoring of grantees' performance by grant program managers. Additionally, Fox Valley Technical College and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children have management information systems, which have the capacity to verify and validate training components and hot line calls, respectively.
Data Limitations: None known at this time.
Crosscutting Activities: VAWO coordinates within DOJ and has regular contact with other organizations such as the LSC, HHS, HUD, OPM, DOD, DOL, STATE, and the USIA.