A Country Study: Uruguay

• Uruguay
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Country Profile
  • Country
  • Geography
  • Society
  • Economy
  • Transportation and Communications
  • Government and Politics
  • National Security
• Introduction

• Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Raúl Jacob and Martin Weinstein)
  • From Pre-Columbian Times to the Conquest
  • The Struggle for Independence, 1811-30
    • Artigas's Revolution, 1811-20
    • From Insurrection to State Organization, 1820-30
  • Beginnings of Independent Life, 1830-52
    • The First Presidents, 1830-38
    • The Great War, 1843-52
  • The Struggle for Survival, 1852-75
    • Intervention by Neighboring Countries
    • Evolution of the Economy and Society
    • Caudillos and Political Stability
  • Modern Uruguay, 1875-1903
    • Militarism, 1875-90
    • The Return of Civilians
  • The New Country, 1903-33
    • Batlle y Ordóñez and the Modern State
    • The Consolidation of Political Democracy
  • The Conservative Adjustment, 1931-43
    • The Terra Era, 1931-38
    • Baldomir and the End of Dictatorship
  • "There's No Place Like Uruguay," 1943-58
    • The Administration of Amézaga, 1943-47
    • Neo-Batllism, 1947-51
    • Decline of the Economy and the Colorado Party, 1951-58
  • Economic Crisis and Decline
    • The Blanco Administrations, 1959-67
    • Pachequism, 1967-72
    • The Emergence of Militarism, 1972-73
  • The Military Government, 1973-85
    • The New Situation, 1973-80
    • The Military's Economic Record
    • The Opposition and the Reemergence of Parties, 1980-84
    • The Transition to Democracy, 1984-85

• Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environment (Charles Guy Gillespie)
  • Geography
    • Topography and Hydrography
    • Climate
    • Land Use and Settlement Patterns
      • The Interior
      • The Littoral
      • Greater Montevideo
      • The Coast
      • Regional Development
  • Population
    • Historical Patterns of Settlement
    • Contemporary Ethnic Composition
    • Fertility, Mortality, and Population Growth
    • Urbanization
    • Migration
    • Emigration
  • Social Classes
    • The Ranching Elite
    • Business Elites
    • Political Elites
    • The Middle Class
    • Small Farmers and Rural Workers
    • Blue-Collar Workers
    • The Urban Poor
  • Income Distribution and Living Standars
  • Family Life
  • Health and Welfare
    • Infant Mortality and Life Expectancy
    • State and Private Health Care
    • Social Security Pensions
  • Education
    • The Education System
    • Historical Origins and Evolution of Education
    • Educational Reforms under Military Rule, 1973-85
    • Education under the Colorados, 1985-88
  • Religion

• Chapter 3 - The Economy (Brian D. McFeeters)
  • Growth and Structure of the Economy
    • Colonial Period
    • Postindependence Era
    • The Export Model
    • Batllism
    • Stagnation
    • Restructuring under the Military Regime, 1973-85
    • The Sanguinetti Government
  • Economic Policy
    • Fiscal Policy
    • Monetary and Exchange-Rate Policy
  • Labor
    • The Labor Movement
    • Government Policy
  • Agriculture
    • Agricultural Stagnation
    • Land Use and Tenure
    • Livestock Ranching
    • Crop Production
    • Fishing
    • Forestry
  • Industry
    • Background of Industrial Development
    • Autonomous Entities
    • Private Firms
    • Construction
    • Mining
    • Energy
  • Services
    • Banking and Financial Services
    • Transportation and Communications
    • Tourism
  • External Sector
    • Foreign Debt
    • Trade
    • Balance of Payments
    • Economic Integration
    • Free-Trade Zones

• Chapter 4 - Government and Politics (Rex A. Hudson)
  • Constitutional Framework
  • Governmental Structure
    • The Executive
    • The Legislature
    • The Judiciary
    • Public Administration
    • Local Government
    • The Electoral Process
  • Political Dynamics
    • Political Parties
      • Traditional Parties
      • Broad Front
      • New Sector
    • Democratic Consolidation, 1985-90
      • The Sanguinetti Administration
      • The November 1989 Elections
      • The Lacalle Administration
    • Political Forces and Interest Groups
      • The Military
      • Labor Unions
      • The Roman Catholic Church
      • Students
      • The Media
      • Other Interest Groups
  • Foreign Relations
    • Foreign Relations under Democratic Rule, 1985-90
      • The United States
      • Latin America
      • Other Regions
    • Foreign Policy in 1990

• Chapter 5 - National Security (Melinda Wheeler Cooke)
  • The Origin and Development of the Armed Forces
    • Evolution of the Army
    • Development of the Navy
    • Creation of an Independent Air Force
  • The Growth of Military Involvement in Politics
  • The Armed Forces in the National Life
    • Manpower
    • Military Justice
    • Defense Spending
  • Armed Forces Organization, Training, and Equipment
    • Army
    • Navy
    • Air Force
    • Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
  • Public Order and Internal Security
    • Crime
    • The National Police
    • The Criminal Justice System

• Appendix. Tables
• Bibliography
• Glossary