Justice Management Division...Serving Justice - Securing Results
1. What are these new policies from the Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP)?
The first is OFPP Policy Letter 05-01 found at http://www.fai.gov/pdfs/policy0501.pdf. This policy letter establishes new training requirements for the entire civilian acquisition workforce and new certifications in targeted acquisition career fields. It mandates the workforce’s use of a federally based training database, ACMIS. The policy letter also establishes a new position, Acquisition Career Manager (ACM), at each agency, to monitor and manage the training and certification of the acquisition workforce within their agency. The Office of Federal Procurement Policy Letter 05-01 applies to all of the federal executive agencies.
The second is Office of Management and Budget (OMB) memo, dated 06-01 found at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/procurement/acq_wk/fac_contracting_program.pdf. This memo establishes the requirements and guidance for the Federal Acquisition Certification in Contracting (FAC-C), which is a federally recognized program for the acquisition workforce that sets forth the required training, experience and education for certification of contracting professionals. The OMB Memo applies to all federal executive agencies except those that are subject to Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act (DAWIA).
2. What are the requirements for obtaining FAC-C?
Achievement of the FAC-C is based on three cumulative requirements: education, training, and experience, as shown in Figure 1. There are three levels and the employee must meet the requirements of each previous certification level before progressing. All Contracting Officers (COs) issued an unlimited warrant on or after January 1, 2007 must initially qualify for and maintain a Level III certification by completing the 80 Continuous Learning Points (CLPs) every two years. The chart is available on FAI.gov at http://www.fai.gov/resource/conpur.asp.
3. Who will the new FAC-C program affect?
The FAC-C program will affect individuals employed in the Federal Acquisition workforce. PL 05-01 defines the Federal Acquisition Workforce as 1102s and Civilian uniformed personnel in comparable positions, all Contracting Officers (COs) regardless of Series with authority to obligate funds above the micro-purchase threshold, 1105s, Program/Project Managers, Contracting Officer Representatives (CORs), Contracting Officer Technical Representatives (COTRs) and any other positions identified by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) Chief Acquisition Officer (CAO). The FAC-C program applies to all executive agencies, except those subject to DAWIA.
4. Is it required that I obtain FAC-C?
The federal certification in contracting is available to all members of the federal acquisition workforce but is not mandatory. However, members of the workforce issued new Contracting Officer (CO) warrants after January 1, 2007, regardless of GS series, must be certified at an appropriate level to support their warrant obligations, pursuant to Departmental policy.
The FAC-C requirement does not apply to:
- Senior level officials responsible for delegating procurement authority;
- Non-1102s whose warrants are generally used to procure emergency goods and services;
- Non 1102s whose warrants are so limited as to be outside the scope of this program.
In addition to the FAC-C exemptions from OFPP, the DOJ CAO has exempted the following warrants from the requirements of the FAC-C program:
- Non-1102 employees whom require limited warrants as a collateral duty and whose level of obligation does not exceed 100K;
Delegating officials shall ensure that such employees receive appropriate training commensurate with their level of responsibility.
NOTE: On or after January 1, 2007, if you transfer to another civilian agency as a CO requiring a warrant, FAC-C will be required at an appropriate level to support the warrant delegation. FAC-C certificates are transferable to all civilian agencies.
5. How do I know if I’m subject to the new FAC-C?
Generally, anyone receiving a warrant at their agency or department for the first time after January 01, 2007 must have a FAC-C. CORs are not required by OFPP to hold FAC-C.
6. How will the new FAC-C affect my current warrant?
Current warrant holders, whom have satisfied existing training, education, and experience requirements mandated by OPM Qualification Standards, are eligible for FAC-C certification at the corresponding certification level.
7. Are there any exceptions to the requirements granted?
There are no exceptions to the requirements and candidates must provide evidence of this to their ACM. In accordance with the Qualification Standard, employees in GS-1102 positions will be considered to have met the standard, including the education requirement, for positions they occupied on January 1, 2000. The qualification standard, which contains specific requirements, can be viewed on www.opm.gov.
8. What is the application process for obtaining the FAC-C?
- Complete and submit the applicable FAC-C application and all supporting documentation in accordance with Bureau procedures, which shall include supervisory, component ACM, and BPC approval;
- After receiving BPC concurrence, the request for issuance of FAC-C recognition, FAC-C application and copies of all supporting documentation shall be forwarded to the DOJ ACM;
- After reviewing and concurring on the information submitted, the DOJ ACM issues the official FAC-C certificate. Before the FAC-C is issued, ACMIS must reflect employees’ true, current, and accurate information.
9. Are there any requirements for maintaining FAC-C?
Maintenance of FAC-C is a function of continuous learning. Effective January 1, 2007, GS1102s, 1105s, and other Cos warranted above the micro-purchase threshold are required to earn 80 CLPs of skills currency training every two years to maintain their federal acquisition certification. CORs are encouraged to earn 40 continuous learning points of skills currency training every two years. The OFPP Administrator may prescribe specific CLPs to ensure that training is provided to the acquisition workforce on topics such as ethics, performance-based contracting, strategic sourcing, or others, as needed.
10. What happens if I obtain FAC-C and don’t maintain 80 CLPs every two years?
Your FAC-C will expire and you may have your warrant suspended or revoked until the skills currency requirement is met. CORs may have their appointment suspended or rescinded until their skills currency requirement is met. Limited waivers are available.
11. What is the two-year time frame for the CLP requirement?
OFPP states that the first period will begin on 10/1/07 and end on 9/30/09. Agencies may choose to implement the CLPs sooner or give credit for previous training. Department policy allows Components to grant credit towards the 80 CLP requirements for training completed after January 1, 2007.
12. Who keeps track of my CLPs?
Each employee is responsible for regularly updating their training activities in the ACMIS system. The supervisor is responsible for verifying compliance with the training requirements and for validating the information entered into ACMIS. A record of all activities completed to satisfy CLP requirements should be maintained with supporting documentation. All activities must be job-related.
13. I want to be certified but I took my classes in the 1970s or 1980s. Will I have to retake the acquisition courses?
There is a fulfillment process for the acquisition workforce who may be considered “legacy” (took most of the training before 1994). Through the fulfillment process, you will be asked to demonstrate that you possess the core competencies of the new courses.
14. What do you mean by fulfillment and how does it work?
Fulfillment is equivalent to completing the actual certification course. Contracting professionals are required to possess all the competencies of a required class in order to fulfill that class. Individuals may use work experience, education, or other training to demonstrate the competencies associated with a required certification course.
15. I am already DoD certified (DAIWA). Do I have to do anything more?
The employee must have proof of DAIWA certification. When applying for FAC-C certification, a copy of the DAIWA certification must be included with the application.
16. Is the DAIWA certification equivalent to a FAC-C?
A valid, current DAWIA certification in contracting is equivalent to a FAC-C at the same certification level. The employee is responsible for providing the necessary documentation of the DAWIA certification and the appropriate continuous learning history to ensure validity and currency of DAWIA certification.
17. Will the DOJ Senior Procurement Executive (SPE) grant waivers to the FAC-C?
The SPE may waive the requirement for obtaining a certification for warranting purposes in writing, on a case-by-case basis, if granting the waiver is in the best interest of the Department. Waivers issued by the Department are time-driven with an expiration date, usually two years from the date of issue and are based on the employee agreeing to meet criteria before the waiver’s expiration. The education waivers are not transferable to another agency and do not satisfy the education requirement for a FAC-C.
18. I have already completed the previously required acquisition courses. How am I affected?
All new or recently hired acquisition professionals to the Department must follow the DAU curriculum (if applicable). Existing employees should transition into the DAU curriculum as soon as practicable. For example, if an associate has finished the first six (6) legacy courses (beginning with Acquisition/Procurement Planning I), they may transition to the DAU curriculum by taking CON 202, in lieu of the next three (3) legacy courses.
Employees choosing to complete the legacy courses should do so as soon as possible as it is not certain how long training providers will continue to offer the curriculum. An employee who will not be able to complete the legacy training courses by the specified cut-off dates must follow the DAU curriculum. The employee’s supervisor makes the final decision concerning what curriculum the employee should follow.
19. What if I completed courses that were not DAU or DAU equivalent courses?
If an employee completed courses that were not DAU/DAU equivalent courses, he or she must provide for each competency the dates of training, course descriptions, provider names, grades (if applicable), and competencies achieved, to the maximum extent practicable. The Interagency Acquisition Career Management Committee (IACMC) and FAI will review course information to determine if the necessary competencies were presented to fulfill all or part of a course requirement, and make this information available on www.fai.gov.
20. Who can I contact if I have concerns about the FAC-C?
The DOJ Acquisition Career Manager (ACM), co-laterally with Component ACMs, is responsible for managing the certification process, including verification and assessment of applications. Authority for overseeing the agency FAC-C program, resolving disputes, and granting certifications shall be at the Senior Procurement Executive (SPE) level. The SPE may delegate, in writing, certain functions down to the ACM as needed. However, the SPE may not delegate the waiver function. Each DOJ component shall internally manage their FAC-C program and shall make every effort to resolve issues and disputes internally.
21. What are the training requirements for CORs/COTRs?
The Department requires attendance and successful completion of at least 16 hours of COTR training and 1 hour of procurement ethics training before appointment. OFPP encourages CORS/COTRS to complete 40 hours of CLPs every two years. FAI recommends a combination of the following training modules for first time CORs/COTRs:
- COR with a mission focus (CLC 106 - 8 hours)
- Contracting for the rest of us (CLC 011 - 2 hours) OR Contracting Overview (CLM 024 - 8 hours)
- Potentially: Market Research (CLC 004 - 3 hours)
22. What is ACMIS?
The Acquisition Career Management Information System (ACMIS) is a government-wide system, developed and managed by the Federal Acquisition Institute (FAI), to assist agencies in making informed budgeting, staffing, training, and employment development decisions. It also supports agencies’ requirements to maintain training records of their acquisition workforce, as directed under the Clinger-Cohen Act. All employees designated as members of the acquisition workforce must use ACMIS to track their continuous learning skills currency training every two years.
23. I am a contract specialist without a warrant. Am I required to use ACMIS?
Yes. All employees designated as members of the acquisition workforce must use ACMIS to track their continuous learning skills currency training every two years.
24. I am an alternate COR and I rarely work with contracts. Am I required to use ACMIS?
Yes. In order to keep your COR status current, you must be registered in ACMIS.
25. What personal information is required for ACMIS?
1102s and 1105s will have education, federal employment history, job series and grade, entered into ACMIS through the Office of Personnel Management’s database. Employees must update their information and training as needed.
26. Who is responsible for information in ACMIS?
ACMIS will be pre-populated by the OPM Enterprise Human Resources Integration (EHRI) for 1102 and 1105 employees. All other members of the acquisition workforce are responsible for populating ACMIS with complete and current information. Component ACMs are responsible for ensuring that specific employee information is entered in ACMIS. Component supervisors are responsible for reviewing and approving their employee’s information in ACMIS. Components that maintain existing learning management systems may populate ACMIS with that information. Components needing to interface should coordinate all efforts with FAI through the DOJ ACM. FAI has agreed to supplement costs involved in the interface process.
Bureau ACMs shall establish hard-copy files and maintain the individual employee backup information for all Bureau employees.
27. Who has access to my personal information?
Your agency ACMIS System Administrator(s), Program Administrator(s), and your immediate supervisor may access portions of your record. Visible information includes core training courses, CLPs, job series, grade, warrant information, and education.
28. What are the time-frames for entering employee information into ACMIS?
The deadline for all members of the acquisition workforce data entry has been extended to July 1, 2007. The acquisition workforce includes all:
- Positions in the GS1102 series and non-DOD uniformed personnel in comparable positions;
- COs regardless of GS series with authority to obligate funds above the micro-purchase threshold unless exempted by OCAO;
- Positions in the GS1105 series; an
- Program/Project Managers including CORs and COTRs
Federal Acquisition Certification – Contracting Officer Technical Representatives
1. How was this program established?
Paul Denett, the Administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP) issued a Memorandum on November 26, 2007, which establishes the Federal Acquisition Certification - Contracting Officer Technical Representative. The memo is posted at: www.fai.gov. The purpose of this certification program is to establish the competencies, training, and experience requirements for Contract Officer Representatives in civilian agencies. FAC-COTR focuses on essential competencies needed by those individuals acting as a Contracting Officer Representative (COR) or Contracting Officer Technical Representative (COTR). The certification requirements shall be accepted by, at minimum, all civilian agencies as evidence that an employee meets the core competencies, training and experience requirements.
2. Why did OFPP establish this program?
Well-trained and qualified COTRs are critical to the acquisition process and the successful accomplishment of mission goals. A strong partnership between the COTR and the Contracting Officer requires a common understanding of how to meet the government’s needs through acquisitions that deliver quality goods and services in an effective and efficient manner. This memorandum establishes a structured development program for COTRs that will improve this partnership and our collective stewardship of taxpayer dollars.
3. To whom does the policy apply?
The policy that established FAC-COTR applies to all executive agencies, except those subject to the Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act (DAWIA).
FAC-COTR policy as it applies to the individual:
4. I have considerable experience as a COTR. Must I still achieve the certification?
Yes. All COTRs appointed to a contract after the effective date of this policy must be certified no later than six months from their date of appointment and must maintain their skills currency through continuous learning.
COTRs who hold delegation letters on active contracts as of the effective date of this policy have generally taken agency-required training. To recognize this earlier training, current COTRs must review their training in accordance with agency policy, ensure that all essential competencies articulated in the OMB Memo have been obtained, and be certified no later than 12 months from the effective date of this policy. Any training required to obtain needed competencies can count toward the continuous learning requirements for current COTRs.
5. Why must I meet the FAC-COTR continuous learning requirements?
FAC-COTR describes core, minimum competencies that are considered essential for successful contract administration and management. If you are required by your CAO to attain COTR certification you must not only acquire these competencies, you must also earn 40 continuous learning points (CLPs) every two years to maintain the currency of your certification.
6. What are examples of acceptable skills currency training and continuous learning points?
Guidelines can be found in Appendix A of the November 26, 2007, memorandum. These guidelines reflect best-in-practice recommendations for continuous learning. Agencies retain flexibility and Contract Officers remain responsible for working with COTRs to identify those activities and opportunities of greatest benefit to the professional development of an individual. The training, professional activities, education and experience that are used to meet the CLP requirements must be job related.
Continuous learning activities related to COTR activities include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Training activities, such as teaching, self-directed study, mentoring
- Courses completed to achieve certification at the next higher level
- Professional activities, such as attending/speaking/presenting at professional seminars/symposia/conferences, publishing and attending workshops
- Educational activities, such as formal training, and formal academic programs
- Experience such as developmental or rotation assignments
FAI will provide additional guidance as needed on its Web site, www.fai.gov.
7. Who keeps track of my Continuous Learning Points?
Individuals are responsible for maintaining continuous learning records, and agency ACMs, or their designees, will monitor the continuous learning requirements to ensure certifications remain active.
8. When will courses to begin the certification process be available?
Private vendors, the Defense Acquisition University, and other government agencies offer a variety of online and classroom courses that address many of the competencies. FAI plans to offer additional training in the first quarter of FY 2008.
9. How do you know FAC-COTR is a viable tool for the acquisition community?
FAI will conduct periodic reviews to ensure that the FAC-COTR program is being managed consistently. In addition, FAI is mapping the COTR competencies to learning objectives that will be used to assess current training or develop new training to meet these requirements.
Federal Acquisition Certification in Program/Project Management
1. How was this program established?
Paul Denett, the Administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP) issued a Memorandum on April 25, 2007, which establishes the Federal Acquisition Certification for Program and Project Managers. The memo is posted at: www.fai.gov. The purpose of this certification program is to establish the competencies, training, and experience requirements for program and project managers in civilian agencies. FAC-P/PM focuses on essential competencies needed for program and project managers; the program does not include functional or technical competencies, such as those for information technology, or agency-specific competencies. The certification requirements shall be accepted by, at minimum, all civilian agencies as evidence that an employee meets the core competencies, training and experience requirements.
2. Why did OFPP establish this program?
Well-trained and experienced program and project managers are critical to the acquisition process and the successful accomplishment of mission goals. A strong partnership between program and project managers and contracting professionals requires a common understanding of how to meet the government’s needs through acquisitions that deliver quality goods and services in an effective and efficient manner. This memorandum establishes a structured development program for program and project managers that will improve this partnership and our collective stewardship of taxpayer dollars.
3. To whom does the policy apply?
The policy that established FAC-P/PM applies to all executive agencies, except those subject to the Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act (DAWIA). The senior-level FAC-P/PM certification is required for program and project managers that are assigned to major acquisitions as defined in Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-11, Part 7, exhibit 300, Planning, Budgeting, Acquisition, and Management of Capital Assets.
Additional guidance for nominating program and project managers for P/PM certification is in FAQ P/PM Nominations Guideline.doc.
4. I have considerable experience in project management. Must I start the certification process at the Entry level?
No. Unlike the Federal Acquisition Certification in Contracting (FAC-C), P/PM certifications need not be earned in sequence. Work with your supervisor to assess which FAC-P/PM level most closely matches your level of experience and training and apply for that level.
5. I am being considered for assignment to a “major acquisition/investment.” Must I have my P/PM certification to be given this assignment?
The policy that established FAC-P/PM states that project and program managers must be senior-level certified for such assignments. However, this certification must be attained within one year of such an assignment – not before you are initially assigned.
What happens if I am not able to attain senior-level certification within a year of such an assignment?
In such cases, the CAO, or a designated functional manager such as a CIO, may waive all or part of the FAC-P/PM requirements in writing, on a case-by-case basis, if granting the waiver is in the best interest of the agency.
Is FAC-P/PM certification sufficient for a project manager in Information Technology (IT)?
No. FAC-P/PM certification indicates that a person had acquired general program and project competencies and suggested experience standards. Program and project managers assigned to IT investments must also meet the requirements of the Federal IT Project Manager Guidance Matrix found at http://www.cio.gov/documents/Federal%20IT%20PM%20Guidance%20Matrix2.ppt
6. Why must I meet the FAC-P/PM continuous learning requirements?
FAC-P/PM describes core, minimum competencies that are considered essential for successful program and project management. If you are required by your CAO to attain P/PM certification you must not only acquire these competencies and have a certain number of years of experience associated with each of three levels. You must also earn 80 continuous learning points (CLPs) every two years to maintain the currency of your certification. The competencies and experience are cumulative across levels.
7. What are examples of acceptable skills currency training and continuous learning points?
Guidelines can be found in Appendix C of the April 25, 2007, memorandum. These guidelines reflect best-in-practice recommendations for continuous learning. Agencies retain flexibility and supervisors remain responsible for working with program and project managers to identify those activities and opportunities of greatest benefit to the professional development of an individual.
The training, professional activities, education and experience that are used to meet the CLP requirements must be job related.
Continuous learning activities related to program and project management activities include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Training activities, such as teaching, self-directed study, mentoring
- Courses completed to achieve certification at the next higher level
- Professional activities, such as attending/speaking/presenting at professional seminars/symposia/conferences, publishing and attending workshops
- Educational activities, such as formal training, and formal academic programs
- Experience such as developmental or rotation assignments
FAI will provide additional guidance as needed on its Web site, www.fai.gov.
8. Who keeps track of my Continuous Learning Points?
Individuals are responsible for maintaining continuous learning records, and agency ACMs, or their designees, will monitor the continuous learning requirements to ensure certifications remain active.
9. When will courses to begin the certification process be available?
Private vendors, the Defense Acquisition University, and other government agencies offer a variety of online and classroom courses that address many of these competencies. FAI plans to offer additional training in the first quarter of FY 2008.
10. How do you know FAC-P/PM is a viable tool for the acquisition community?
FAI will conduct periodic reviews to ensure that the FAC-P/PM program is being managed consistently. In addition, FAI is mapping the program and project management competencies to learning objectives that will be used to assess current training or develop new training to meet these requirements.
FAC-P/PM Exhibit 300 Frequently Asked Questions for Certification of Team Members
A. When should I select "New Program Manager"?
Select the option "New Program Manager" when the individual has not been certified at the appropriate level and has been assigned to the program within the last twelve months. Unless a waiver is issued, new program/project managers have twelve months from the date of assignment to the project/program to achieve certification.
B. When should I select "Waiver Issued"?
There are three scenarios where "waiver issued" is an appropriate selection:
- "Waiver Issued" is appropriate selection when the CAO, or designated functional manager such as the CIO, has waived all or part of the FAC-P/PM requirements in writing. For example, the CAO may waive the FAC-P/PM requirement for an existing program/project manager to attain certification within twelve months from the date of assignment.
- "Waiver Issued" is also the appropriate selection if the individual is progressing towards certification but has not yet received final certification. In these cases, the designated functional manager must maintain information on the progress of the individual towards certification.
- "Waiver Issued" may also be used if an agency has a process for issuing FAC-PPM certifications but the timing of the OMB 300 does not allow for certification prior to submission. In these cases, documentation regarding the agency process, timeline, and expected certification dates for eligible PPMs must be kept on file for each individual.
Agencies that select "Waiver Issued" must ensure that waivers are issued only when determined to be in the best interest of the agency.
C. What should be included in the documentation for the written waiver?
Waivers must be issued in writing, on a case-by-case basis, when it has been determined that issuing the waiver is in the best interest of the agency. Waivers must include the agency's rationale for issuing the waiver as well as the conditions of the waiver. Appropriate supporting documentation, such as individual development plans and other certifications demonstrating the individual's qualifications, should be attached to the waiver.
D. Should waivers be sent to OMB or FAI?
Acquisition Career Managers (ACMs) must maintain all supporting documentation and made available to OMB and FAI upon request.
E. FAC-PPM is accepted by other civilian agencies, is this also true for the waivers?
No, unlike the FAC-PPM, a waiver is agency specific and does not transfer. A FAC-P/PM certification should be issued only when all the requirements of the FAC-P/PM have been satisfied.
GUIDELINES FOR NOMINATING PROGRAM AND PROJECT MANAGERS FOR FEDERAL ACQUISITION CERTIFICATION
“Determination of members eligible for certification under this program is the responsibility of each agency Chief Acquisition Officer in accordance with OFPP Letter 05-01. FAI recommends CAOs continued collaboration with agency CIOs, CHCOs, and CFOs when identifying members of the acquisition workforce eligible for certification under this program. If members of an agency’s information technology workforce are to be included in the acquisition workforce under this guidance, it is highly recommended that CAOs ensure concurrence from the agency CIOs.”
– Federal Working Group, Program and Project Manager Certification, Recommendations, January 17, 2007, page 2.
Guidelines for identification are drawn from several sources:
1. The OFPP Memorandum of April 25, 2007, page 1:
“The certification is required for program and project managers that are assigned to major acquisitions as defined in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-11, Part 7, exhibit 300, Planning, Budgeting, Acquisition and Management of Capital Assets.” (Italics added.) Page 2 of the attachment to the April 25 memorandum states that project and program managers must be senior-level certified for such assignments.
The relevant text from Circular A-11 is as follows:
Major acquisition/investment means a system or project requiring special management attention because of its importance to the mission or function of the agency, a component of the agency or another organization; is for financial management and obligates more than $500,000 annually; has significant program or policy implications; has high executive visibility; has high development, operating, or maintenance costs; or is defined as major by the agency’s capital planning and investment control process. OMB may work with the agency to declare other investments as major investments. You should consult with your OMB representative about what investments to consider as "major," consult your agency budget officer or OMB representative. Systems not considered "major" are "non-major."
2. The OFPP Memorandum of April 25, 2007, Attachment, page 2:
“When identifying individuals to be certified under this program and other applicability requirements, the CAO shall review the guidance provided in OFPP Policy Letter 05-01…”
In this connection, OFPP Policy Letter 05-01 (p. 7) states:
“For example, agencies may choose to require certification for individuals working on certain critical agency projects and programs, those of a certain dollar threshold, or other high visibility programs and projects.”
3. The OFPP Memorandum of April 25, 2007, Attachment, pages 2-3:
“At a minimum, agencies shall consider applying the FAC-P/PM requirements to the following:
- individuals with significant involvement in one or more phases of the acquisition investment process (initiation, conceptualization/design, development, implementation, modification, maintenance, evaluation, disposal),
- managers with authority and responsibility for overseeing multiple phases of the acquisition investment process,
- individuals with responsibility for leading cross-agency or acquisition investment programs for a major portion or all of the investment life-cycle,
- individuals responsible for leading, coordinating, managing integrated project teams for acquisition investments,
- individuals participating on an integrated project team or a phase of the investment lifecycle with aspirations for career development as a program or project manager.”
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