Before the
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20554
______________________________________
In the Matter of
Application of SBC Communications
Inc. et al. Pursuant to Section 271 of the
Telecommunications Act of 1996 to
Provide In-Region, InterLATA
Services in the State of Oklahoma
______________________________________
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CC Docket No. 97-121
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ADDENDUM TO THE EVALUATION OF THE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Several parties have informally asked the Department to clarify its views concerning two
issues that have arisen in connection with this proceeding: (1) whether we agree with the
argument made by some commentors that under Section 271(c)(1)(A) ("Track A"), each separate
class of subscribers that must be served to satisfy that entry track, i.e., residential and business,
must be served "exclusively . . . or predominantly" over the telephone exchange facilities of an
unaffiliated provider;(1) and (2) the importance (and meaning) of "performance benchmarks" in
assessing whether BOC in-region interLATA entry would be in the public interest. To address
any confusion on these points, the Department now files this addendum.
- Section 271(c)(1)(A) Does Not Require That Both Residential and Business Customers
Be Served Over the Facilities-Based Competitors' Own Facilities
Section 271(c)(1) requires that a BOC's application to provide in-region interLATA
services proceed under one of two distinct tracks. As our evaluation explained, SBC's
application is governed by the standards of Track A. 47 U.S.C. §271(c)(1)(A). See SBC
Evaluation at 9-20. Under Track A, a BOC must be providing "access and interconnection to its
network facilities for the network facilities of one or more unaffiliated competing providers of
telephone exchange service . . . to residential and business subscribers." The statute further
specifies that "such telephone exchange service may be offered by such competing providers
either exclusively over their own telephone exchange service facilities or predominantly over their
own telephone exchange service facilities in combination with the resale of the
telecommunications services of another carrier." 47 U.S.C. § 271(c)(1)(A). As we explained in
our evaluation, SBC does not meet the standards of Track A because there is no facilities-based
competitor offering service to residential subscribers. See SBC Evaluation at 20-21. Brooks
Fiber, to which SBC points as a residential service provider, is merely testing its ability to offer
residential service by providing uncompensated service to four employees; thus, it does not
compete with SBC to serve any residential "subscribers." See id.
Some parties have pressed for rejection of SBC's application on the additional ground that
Brooks does not provide residential service to anyone, including its four employees, over its own
facilities. In their view, Track A requires, among other things, that residential service is being
provided completely or predominantly over a competitor's own facilities. We disagree.
The statute requires that both business and residential subscribers be served by a
competing provider, and that such provider must be exclusively or predominantly facilities-based.
It does not, however, require that each class of customers (i.e., business and residential) must be
served over a facilities-based competitor's own facilities. To the contrary, Congress expressly
provided that the competitor may be providing services "predominantly" over its own facilities "in
combination with the resale of " BOC services. 47 U.S.C. § 271(c)(1)(A). Thus, it does not
matter whether the competitor reaches one class of customers -- e.g., residential -- only through
resale, provided that the competitor's local exchange services as a whole are provided
"predominantly" over its own facilities.
This reading is not only consistent with the language of the statute, but also serves
Congress' twin purposes of maximizing competition in local exchange and interexchange
telecommunications markets. To ensure that the BOCs truly opened up their local networks to
competitors, Congress required that any BOC qualifying for Track A consideration wait until a
facilities-based competitor became operational -- provided that there is at least one potential
competitor proceeding toward that goal in a timely fashion -- before that BOC could satisfy the
statute's in-region interLATA entry requirements. In mandating that such a facilities-based
competitor offer both residential and business service, Congress ensured both that (1) the
facilities-based entry path is being used wherever requested; and (2) at least one facilities-based
competitor is offering service to residential, as well as business, subscribers. See SBC Evaluation
at 14-17. Once those two basic conditions have been satisfied, however, there is no reason to
delay BOC entry into interLATA markets simply because competitors that have a demonstrated
ability to operate as facilities-based competitors, and that are in fact providing service
predominantly over their own facilities, find it most advantageous to serve one class of customers
on a resale basis. Imposing this requirement would tip unnecessarily the statute's balance
between facilitating local entry and providing for additional competition in interLATA services by
adding an unnecessary prerequisite to Track A that might foreclose entry in certain cases for no
beneficial competitive purpose. Cf. id. at 22.
- The Importance of Performance Benchmarks
In articulating the Department's approach to assessing BOC applications for in region,
interLATA authority, we stated that the existence of "performance benchmarks" serves an
important purpose in demonstrating that the market has been "irreversibly opened to
competition." To better explain the role of "performance benchmarks," "performance standards,"
and "performance measures" in our analysis, we have outlined further the definition and
importance of these concepts below.(2)
At bottom, a "performance benchmark" is a level of performance to which regulators and
competitors will be able to hold a BOC after it receives in-region interLATA authority. The most
effective benchmarks are those based on a "track record" of reliable service established by the
BOC. Such benchmarks may reflect either the BOC's performance of a wholesale support
function for a competitor, or, in areas where the BOC performs the same function for its
competitors as it does for its own retail operations, a benchmark may also be established by the
BOC's service to its own retail operations. In instances where neither type of benchmark is
available, the Department will consider other alternatives that would ensure a consistent level of
performance, such as, for example, a commitment to adhere to certain industry performance
standards and/or an audit of the BOC's systems by a neutral third party. Such benchmarks are
significant because they demonstrate the ability of the BOC to perform a critical function -- for
example, the provisioning of an unbundled loop within a measurable period of time. Thus,
benchmarks serve, as explained in our evaluation, the important purpose of foreclosing post-entry
BOC claims that the delay or withholding of services needed by its competitors should be excused
on the ground that the services or performance levels demanded by competitors are technically
infeasible. See SBC Evalution at 45-48.
To make "performance benchmarks" a useful tool for post-entry oversight, we also expect
the BOC to adopt the specific means and mechanisms necessary to measure its performance --
i.e., "performance measures." That is, if there are no such systems in place, it will be considerably
more difficult to ensure that the BOC continues to meet its established performance benchmarks.
Finally, we acknowledge that there may be areas in which the present industry standards will be
updated, requiring new levels of performance. Accordingly, the Department will also focus on the
importance of commitments by BOCs to adhere to "performance standards," even when they will
be imposed upon it post-entry.
Joel I. Klein
Acting Assistant Attorney General
Antitrust Division
Andrew S. Joskow
Deputy Assistant Attorney General
Antitrust Division
Lawrence J. Fullerton
Deputy Assistant Attorney General
Antitrust Division
Philip J. Weiser
Senior Counsel
Antitrust Division
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Respectfully submitted,
____________________________
Donald Russell
Chief
Carl Willner
Jonathan D. Lee
Stuart H. Kupinsky
Attorneys
Telecommunications Task Force
Gerald B. Lumer
Economist
Competition Policy Section
Antitrust Division
U.S. Department of Justice
555 4th Street, N.W.
Room 8104
Washington, D.C. 20001
(202) 514-5621
May 21, 1997
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FOOTNOTES
1. See, e.g., Opposition of Brooks Fiber Properties, Inc. to Application of SBC
Communications, Inc., CC Docket No. 97-121, at 8-9 (May 1, 1997).
2. To reflect this typology, our evaluation should be modified as follows:
Page 45, line 2 of heading "b." (and Table of Contents), "standards" to "benchmarks";
Page 47 line 3, "measures" to "benchmarks";
Page 47 line 5, "measures" to "benchmarks";
Page 48 line 9, "measures" to "benchmarks" and add "as well as its commitment to adhere
to certain performance standards" to the end of the sentence;
Page 60 line 9, "measures" to "benchmarks"; and
Page 60 lines 11, 15, 18 "standards" to "measures."
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