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APPENDIX B
Michigan Overview and Descriptions of Local Competitors in
Michigan
Michigan is the nation's eighth most populous state, with over 9.5 million
inhabitants,
and is the second most populous state in the Ameritech region. 70.5% of its population is
in
metropolitan areas, according to U.S. census data. Of Michigan's five LATAs, two
contain
significant metropolitan areas centered around Detroit and Grand Rapids. 1 Detroit, with a
population of about 1 million, is among the ten largest cities in the U.S, and its greater
metropolitan area has a population of some 5.2 million, while the city of Grand Rapids has
a
population of 190,000, with some 1 million persons in its metropolitan area. These urban
concentrations could reasonably be expected to attract local telephone competition in the
absence
of entry barriers, and indeed have begun to do so on a small scale. Michigan is also the
ninth
largest state in terms of long distance traffic nationwide, with 17,899,649,000 interLATA
access
minutes in 1995, 3.25% of the total. 2
As of
1995, there were over 6.1 million access lines in Michigan, including 5.5 million
switched access lines. 3
Of these, Ameritech Michigan had 5.5 million access lines (90% of the
total), including 4.8 million switched access lines (88% of the total),
4 the great majority of the
remainder being served by independent LECs in separate service areas, rather than competitors
in
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its service area. In 1996, Ameritech Michigan served between 4.9 and 5.1 million switched
access lines. 5 Of
Ameritech's access lines in Michigan, 4.5 million are located in metropolitan
areas, 6 with nearly
half of Ameritech's lines, some 2.3 million, in the Detroit LATA.
7 In 1996,
Ameritech had about 1.7 million business and 3.2-3.3 million residential switched access
lines
throughout Michigan. 8
Data in Ameritech's brief and supporting affidavits, together with
information in the comments and other public documents of competitors, identifies a total
of
between 67-80,000 access lines in service or ordered by local exchange competitors in
Michigan, 9 and
while service resale has grown more recently, total lines actually served by
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competitive providers in Michigan appear to still be no more than 70,000-80,000, correcting
for
overestimates in Ameritech's data.
Thus,
the aggregate market share of CLECs, measured by total number of access lines
statewide using all forms of competition (separate facilities, unbundled loops and resale),
appears
to be between 1.2% and 1.5%. 10 The CLEC market share measured by revenues is likely
slightly
higher because the CLECs are focused primarily or entirely on business customers,
while nearly
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two-thirds of Ameritech's lines are residential. 11 In Grand Rapids, where the greatest degree of
local competition exists, CLEC market share measured by number of lines served by
central
offices with collocation is 5.9%, 12 and CLEC market share, measured by revenues generated
by
lines in collocated central offices is approximately 11.4%.
13
There are seven firms that the Department has identified as operational
facilities-based
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competitors or resellers in Michigan providing local exchange service -- Brooks Fiber, MFS
Intelenet/Worldcom, TCG, MCImetro, USN, AT&T and LCI. Several of these
competitors,
including Brooks Fiber, MFS, TCG and MCImetro, have fiber networks and local switches
in
Michigan. In total, however, CLECs have only six local switches in Michigan -- three
in Detroit
(operated by MFS, TCG and MCImetro), and one each in Grand Rapids, Traverse City and
Lansing, all operated by Brooks Fiber -- compared with at least 435 local switches operated
by
Ameritech Michigan. 14
Profiles of the operational local exchange service competitors in
Michigan follow. 15
Brooks Fiber Communications
Brooks Fiber Communications entered the Michigan local exchange/access
market in
January of 1996 when it purchased City Signal. City Signal began operation in 1989, as a
competitive access provider (CAP) in Grand Rapids. In 1993, City Signal installed a
Nortel
DMS-500 Class 3/4/5 switch, which enabled it to provide local, tandem, and carrier switching.
In 1994, City Signal merged with long distance reseller, Teledial to form US Signal, which
was
certified to provide switched local service in Grand Rapids in October of 1994, and
actually
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began offering service in August of 1995. Teledial and the US Signal name were sold to LCI
in
1995, and the local services company was renamed City Signal, which was merged into
Brooks
Fiber Properties in early 1996. Brooks Fiber and Ameritech entered into a negotiated
interconnection agreement on August 5, 1996, which was approved by the Michigan PSC
in
November and filed as approved and executed in December 1996. In addition to Grand
Rapids,
Brooks Fiber currently has facilities in Lansing, Ann Arbor, and Traverse City, and a total
of
three switches statewide in Michigan. Brooks Fiber provides service to both business and
residential customers primarily in Grand Rapids, through a combination of its own facilities
and
loops leased from Ameritech. It is not engaged in local exchange resale in Michigan.
Brooks
had 21,786 lines in service in Grand Rapids, its principal service area, as of June 6, 1997,
including 15,876 business lines and 5,910 residential lines, making it one of the two largest
local
competitors of Ameritech in Michigan. 16 Brooks provides 31% of its own access lines in
Michigan, obtaining the remaining 69% from Ameritech, so that Brooks is the principal user
of
unbundled loops obtained from Ameritech in Michigan.
17 Brooks relies on Ameritech for at least
some facilities, primarily loops, to reach 75% of all of its customers, including 61% of its
business customers and 90% of its residential customers.
18 Brooks has also entered into
agreements with long distance carriers, including AT&T and MCI, to provide the local
exchange
portion of an integrated service offering.
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MFS Intelenet/WorldCom
MFS
is the nation's largest CAP, and has been operating in Detroit on a resale basis since
1991 and on a facilities basis since 1995. MFS has a fiber network and one switch in Detroit.
It
was certified to provide local service in Detroit in May of 1995, and state-wide on November
14,
1996. It has been offering switched local service and access services to business customers
in
Michigan since May 1996. MFS entered into a negotiated interconnection agreement with
Ameritech on May 17, 1996, which was approved by the Michigan PSC and filed in
approved,
executed form in December 1996. MFS's recent merger with WorldCom creates an
integrated,
facilities-based local/LD company, and its earlier merger with UUNet allows it to include
Internet access as part of a bundled offering. MFS Intelenet does not have any residential
service
customers in Michigan. According to MFS/WorldCom, 79% of MFS's business lines and
86%
of is customers in Michigan are served on a resale basis, including resale of Centrex
services,
although MFS also has a small number of its loops of its own in Michigan, only 2.2% of its
total,
and has ordered some unbundled loops from Ameritech, accounting for the remaining 19%. 19
Teleport Communications Group (TCG)
TCG is one of the nation's largest CAPs, and has been operating in that
capacity in
Detroit since 1993. TCG was granted certification to provide switched local service in April
of
1995. TCG has a fiber network and a Class 5 switch in Detroit and is currently providing
both
local exchange and access services to business customers. Following a request for
arbitration
and a decision by the Michigan PSC, TCG and Ameritech filed an executed agreement
which
was approved by the Michigan PSC in February 1997. TCG has also signed an agreement
with
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AT&T to provide local network access in several markets, including Detroit. TCG
concentrates
on large businesses that can be served over its own facilities, and as a result, although TGC
uses
some facilities obtained from Ameritech, 20 it currently has no unbundled loops or resold lines,
and does not have any residential service customers in Michigan.
MCImetro
MCImetro is a subsidiary of MCI Telecommunications, created to provide
local exchange
and access services, primarily over its own facilities, to business and residential customers.
MCImetro has fiber rings in Detroit and its suburbs of Warren and Auburn Hills, and a class
5
switch in Detroit. MCImetro was certified to provide switched local service in Michigan
in
March of 1995, and has been serving some business customers in Detroit since June of
1996,
making use of its own facilities and preexisting Ameritech tariffs for resale. It is conducting
a
trial of residential service with a few customers using loops obtained from Ameritech.
MCI
launched NetworkMCI on September 12, 1996 in several large cities (including Detroit,
Milwaukee, and Chicago), which offers local, long distance, data, conferencing,
international
long distance, paging, Internet access, and cellular on a single bill. Although MCI has
requested
interconnection and sought arbitration, and the MPSC issued an arbitration decision in
December
1996, there remained unresolved issues between Ameritech and MCI. Therefore, to date
neither
MCI Telecommunications, nor any of its subsidiaries, has an approved interconnection
agreement with Ameritech Michigan, although an agreement was finally signed on June
13,
1997.
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USN Communications
USN is a telecommunications reseller that was initially certified to provide
service to
some Detroit exchanges on August 22, 1996. On April 26, 1996, USN entered into a ten
year
interconnection agreement with Ameritech that commits it to be reselling a total volume of
10,000 residential lines and 100,000 business lines during each year after a "ramp-up"
period
ending December 31, 1997 for residential service, or 18 months after the service start date
for
business, subject to penalties for underutilization. USN's negotiated agreement with
Ameritech
was approved by the MPSC in January 1997 and filed as executed and approved in
February
1997. USN markets to small and medium-sized business customers, and is currently
offering
service in at least four cities in Michigan: Grand Rapids, Southfield, Ann Arbor, and Flint. 21
AT&T
AT&T, the nation's largest telecommunications company, has recently entered
Michigan
on a resale basis, serving residential as well as business customers. AT&T, after
requesting
interconnection with Ameritech and unsuccessfully attempting to negotiate an agreement,
sought
arbitration, and the MPSC issued an arbitration decision in November 1996. This did not
lead
immediately to an approved agreement, as Ameritech and AT&T continued to dispute
certain
issues. Ameritech and AT&T filed an executed agreement after further MPSC action in
February
1997, and the MPSC approved that agreement in April 1997. AT&T's approved
interconnection agreement addresses all three of the entry paths envisioned in the 1996 Act.
AT&T has also begun operational testing of the facilities "platform" with Ameritech. This
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appears to be AT&T's preferred near-term means of entry. Over the longer term, AT&T
may
also become a facilities-based provider in Michigan using its fixed wireless technology. It
appears that AT&T's resale activities to date have made it one of the two largest local
competitors of Ameritech in Michigan, although this competition is still on a very small scale.
LCI Communications
LCI
is a large long distance reseller that has recently entered Michigan as a reseller of
local services. It does not have an approved interconnection agreement with Ameritech, and
is
reselling service under existing tariffs. It is marketing to small and medium-sized business
customers.
.
.
FOOTNOTES
1 Two of the
remaining LATAs are centered around Lansing and Saginaw, and the last is in the more rural
Upper Peninsula.
2 FCC 1996
Common Carrier Statistics at Table 2.6
3 FCC 1996
Common Carrier Statistics at Table 2.5
4 FCC 1996
Common Carrier Statistics at Table 2.10
5 FCC ARMIS
Annual Summary Report 43-01, Michigan Bell Telephone Company, 1996, at Table II, row 2150
(4.931 million billable common lines), and FCC ARMIS Annual Service Quality Report 43-05,
Michigan Bell Telephone Company, 1996, at Table II, row 0140 (5.081 million access lines). The
1996 10-K Annual Report for Ameritech Corporation, at 3, states that Ameritech had in
Michigan 4.979 million access lines in service at the end of 1995, and 5.124 million access lines
in service at the end of 1996, a difference of 145,000. Ameritech's own growth in access lines
served in Michigan between 1995 and 1996 exceeded the aggregate number of lines served by all
of its local competitors. See also AT&T Comments at 32-36, 41.
6 FCC ARMIS
Annual Service Quality Report 43-05, Michigan Bell Telephone Company, 1996, at Table II, row
0140.
7 Presentation to
Department of Justice by AT&T Corp., Ameritech Region (Derived from April 1996 ARMIS
Report) (August 19, 1996).
8 FCC ARMIS
Annual Summary Report 43-01, Michigan Bell Telephone Company, 1996, at Table II, rows
2090, 2120 and FCC ARMIS Annual Service Quality Report 43-05, Michigan Bell Telephone
Company, 1996, at Table II, row 0140.
9 The highest
estimate of 79,200 lines that can be derived from Ameritech's Harris and Teece Affidavit, Table
III.6 (proprietary version), including separate facilities, unbundled loops, and resold lines,
overstated the extent of actual competition at the time. Harris and Teece Aff. at Table III.6, 73.
Harris and Teece's calculations of competitors' on-net facilities were not based on actual numbers
but on estimates from a formula that produced results inconsistent with information from other
parties, especially MFS, and with respect to facilities obtained from Ameritech, Harris and Teece
included not only unbundled or resold loops in service but also those on order from Ameritech
but not yet delivered, which means that the customer is still with Ameritech. Brooks lists its total
lines in service in Grand Rapids as of June 1997, as 21,786, Brooks Opposition at 6-7,
substantially lower than the Harris and Teece estimate, and MFS/WorldCom has also strongly
criticized Ameritech's data as inaccurate. WorldCom Comments at 4. The data in Ameritech's
brief on competitors' lines yields a slightly smaller aggregate CLEC total of about 71,000
competitor lines, but also relies on the estimates from the Harris and Teece Affidavit that
overstate the amount of competition. Ameritech Brief at 10-11, 36, 44, 54 (proprietary version).
MCI states that CLECs own or lease at most 67,000 access lines in Ameritech Michigan's region,
MCI Comments at 2 and Affidavit of Kenneth C. Baseman and Frederick R. Warren-Boulton ¶
68, n.52, attached to MCI Comments, Exhibit A., while an affiant for AT&T, using Ameritech's
data, has calculated the total as 76,269 lines while noting the likelihood of overestimation.
Affidavit of Michael Starkey ¶ 15 ("Starkey Aff."), attached to AT&T Comments, Exhibit T.
Some of the data on individual competitors has been claimed as proprietary in Ameritech's filing,
and so the Department does not provide separate figures for each provider in its public
Evaluation, but these aggregate totals do not reveal any particular competitor's proprietary
information.
10 A market
share of about 1.5% can be derived from data in Ameritech's Harris and Teece Affidavit, Table
III.6 (proprietary), although this data overstated the extent of actual competition at the time. The
data in Ameritech's brief on competitors' lines yields a slightly smaller market share of 1.3%,
based on Ameritech's total access lines in 1995. MCI has estimated the CLECs' market share in
Michigan as 1.2%, compared with Ameritech's total access lines, MCI Comments at 2, while
AT&T, using Ameritech's data, has estimated the CLECs' market share as at most 1.5%. AT&T
Comments at 41; Starkey Aff. ¶¶ 7, 15-17. Adjusting the totals of CLECs' lines to account both
for the overestimates in Ameritech's data and further information available on the growth of
resale since that data was compiled would yield a maximum aggregate CLEC market share in
Michigan of about 1.5% of total access lines, based on an upper bound of 80,000 CLEC lines
compared with Ameritech's 5.5 million total lines in 1995.
11 For
example, Brooks has reported its revenue in Grand Rapids to be $75.37 per line, "Brooks Fiber's
Properties Reports Record, First Quarter Revenues" ( posted
Apr. 28, 1997),while the revenue per line for Ameritech can be estimated from published data at
$44.77 if only basic local service and network access service is included, or $64.56 if all revenue
sources, including intraLATA toll, are included. Based on these figures, the CLECs' aggregate
share of local revenues in Ameritech's Michigan service areas is probably not more than 2-3%.
Ameritech's Michigan operations generated approximately $2,948,826,000 in combined basic
local service, network access service, and toll network service revenues in 1996, or
$3,154,539,000 in total. Basic local service revenues were $1,408 million, network access
services revenues were $779 million, and toll network services (intraLATA toll) were $761
million. FCC ARMIS Annual Summary Report 43-01, Michigan Bell Telephone Company,
1996, at Table I, rows 1010, 1020, 1030. Ameritech's Michigan operating company revenues
represented 27.88% of its total revenues from its local operations regionwide in 1996, second
only to those from Illinois. Total Ameritech revenues from its local operating companies
regionwide in 1996 were $11,312,077,000, including $3,553,987,000 from Illinois,
$1,219,155,000 from Indiana, $2,213,842,000 from Ohio, and $1,170,554,000 from Wisconsin,
as well as the Michigan revenues stated above. Ameritech 1996 FCC ARMIS Annual Summary
Report 43-01 for Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
12 343,000
lines are served by the 11 central offices in which Brooks is collocated, according to "Brooks
Fiber Reports Results of Operation of Grand Rapids, Michigan Unit for Competitive Switched
Services" (posted Oct. 24, 1996). Brooks had 21, 786 lines in service in
Grand Rapids as of June 1997. Brooks Opposition at 6-7.
13 This
estimate assumes Ameritech's revenue is uniformly distributed across lines. Brooks Fiber's
annualized revenue figure is reported in its first quarter results. "Brooks Fiber's Properties
Reports Record, First Quarter Revenues" (posted Apr. 28,
1997). The market share is 11.4% if only basic local service and network access, based on FCC
ARMIS Annual Summary Report 43-01, Michigan Bell Telephone Company, 1996, at Table I,
rows 1010, 1020, are included in the Ameritech revenue figure. This number declines to 8.4% if
toll network service is included, and declines to 7.9% if all revenues are included (row 1090).
14 Ameritech
Brief at 10-11; MCI Comments at 2-3 (448 switches); Sprint Petition at 33 (440 switches). FCC
ARMIS Annual Service Quality Report 43-05, Michigan Bell Telephone Company, 1996, at
Table IV, rows 200, 201 identifies 435 local switches in use, while the FCC 1996 Common
Carrier Statistics at Table 2.10 (1996) lists Michigan Bell as having 442 central office switches.
15 In addition
to those listed below, Ameritech cites WinStar as a current, facilities-based local exchange
provider, and Building Communications and Coast-to-Coast as local exchange resellers operating
in Michigan. Ameritech Brief at 74. WinStar does not yet have an approved local tariff, and the
Department believes the only services it currently provides are CAP or transport services, not
local exchange services. The Department has no independent information on Building
Communications or Coast-to-Coast, but Ameritech does not attribute to either of them any
substantial activity.
16 Brooks
Opposition at 6-7.
17
Id. at 6-7 and n.18, 9.
18
Id. at 7; MPSC Consultation at 10.
19 WorldCom
Comments at 4, 5 n.10.
20 TCG
Comments at 25-26.
21 Jim Harger,
"Another Hopeful Courts Local Phone Customers: USN Communications Targets Small and
Medium-Sized Businesses," Grand Rapids Press, Mar. 15, 1997, at C7, 1997 WL 7865202.
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