• Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. 2007 guideline for isolation precautions: preventing transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. Surveillance. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); 2007 Jun. 1 p.

This is the current release of the guideline.

This guideline updates a previous version: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guidelines for isolation precautions in hospital infection control advisory committee. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); 1996 Jan 1. 38 p. (CDC prevention guidelines; no. 1/96). [97 references]

Definitions for the strength of recommendation grading (IA-IC, II, and no recommendation) are provided at the end of the "Major Recommendations" field.

Surveillance

III.A. Monitor the incidence of epidemiologically-important organisms and targeted healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) that have substantial impact on outcome and for which effective preventive interventions are available; use information collected through surveillance of high-risk populations, procedures, devices, and highly transmissible infectious agents to detect transmission of infectious agents in the healthcare facility (Haley et al., 1985; Pottinger, Herwaldt, & Perl, 1997; Lee et al., 1998; Lemmen et al., 2001; Ostrowsky et al., 2001; O'Grady et al., 2002; Gaynes & Emori, 2001; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2000; Haley, 1995; Curran, Benneyan, & Hood; 2002; Lanotte et al., 2003). Category IA

III.B. Apply the following epidemiologic principles of infection surveillance (Pottinger, Herwaldt, & Perl, 1997; Gaynes & Emori, 2001; Haley, 1995; Curran, Benneyan, & Hood, 2002; CDC, 2001). Category IB

• Use standardized definitions of infection.
• Use laboratory-based data (when available).
• Collect epidemiologically-important variables (e.g., patient locations and/or clinical service in hospitals and other large multi-unit facilities, population-specific risk factors [e.g., low birth-weight neonates], underlying conditions that predispose to serious adverse outcomes).
• Analyze data to identify trends that may indicated increased rates of transmission.
• Feedback information on trends in the incidence and prevalence of HAIs, probable risk factors, and prevention strategies and their impact to the appropriate healthcare providers, organization administrators, and as required by local and state health authorities.

III.C. Develop and implement strategies to reduce risks for transmission and evaluate effectiveness (Haley et al., 1985; Haley, 1995; Macartney et al., 2000; Lanotte et al., 2003; Weinstock et al., 2000; Coopersmith et al., 2004). Category IB

III.D. When transmission of epidemiologically-important organisms continues despite implementation and documented adherence to infection prevention and control strategies, obtain consultation from persons knowledgeable in infection control and healthcare epidemiology to review the situation and recommend additional measures for control (Haley et al., 1985; Drosten et al., 2003; Ostrowsky et al., 2001). Category IB

III.E. Review periodically information on community or regional trends in the incidence and prevalence of epidemiologically-important organisms (e.g., influenza, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], pertussis, invasive group A streptococcal disease, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA], vancomycin-resistant enterococci [VRE]) (including in other healthcare facilities) that may impact transmission of organisms within the facility (Stevenson, 1999; Ostrowsky et al., 2001; O'Brien et al., 2002; Nicolle et al., 1999; Seybold et al., 2006). Category II

Definitions:

Strength of the Recommendations

The recommendations are categorized on the basis of existing scientific data, theoretical rational, applicability, and when possible, economic impact, as follows:

Category IA. Strongly recommended for implementation and strongly supported by well-designed experimental, clinical, or epidemiologic studies.

Category IB. Strongly recommended for implementation and supported by some experimental, clinical, or epidemiologic studies and a strong theoretical rationale.

Category IC. Required for implementation, as mandated by federal and/or state regulation or standard.

Category II. Suggested for implementation and supported by suggestive clinical or epidemiologic studies or a theoretical rationale.

No recommendation; unresolved issue. Practices for which insufficient evidence or consensus regarding efficacy exists.

None provided

The type of evidence is identified and graded for each recommendation (see "Major Recommendations").

• Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. 2007 guideline for isolation precautions: preventing transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. Surveillance. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); 2007 Jun. 1 p.

Not applicable: The guideline was not adapted from another source.

1996 Jan (revised 2007 Jun)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Federal Government Agency [U.S.]

United States Government

Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC)

Patrick J. Brennan, MD (Chair), Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania Medical School; Michael Bell, MD (Executive Secretary), Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Vicki L. Brinsko, RN, BA, Infection Control Coordinator, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; E. Patchen Dellinger, MD, Professor of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jeffrey Engel, MD, Head General Communicable Disease Control Branch, North Carolina State Epidemiologist; Steven M. Gordon, MD, Chairman, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Epidemiologist, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Infectious Disease; Lizzie J. Harrell, PhD, D(ABMM), Research Professor of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Pathology, Associate Director, Clinical Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center; Carol O'Boyle, PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota; David Alexander Pegues, MD, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Dennis M. Perrotta, PhD., CIC, Adjunct Associate Professor of Epidemiology, University of Texas School of Public Health, Texas A&M University School of Rural Public Health; Harriett M. Pitt, MS, CIC, RN, Director, Epidemiology, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center; Keith M. Ramsey, MD, Professor of Medicine Medical Director of Infection Control, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University; Nalini Singh, MD, MPH, Professor of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and International Health, The George Washington University Children's National Medical Center; Kurt Brown Stevenson, MD, MPH, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center; Philip W. Smith, MD, Chief, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center

Not stated

This is the current release of the guideline.

This guideline updates a previous version: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guidelines for isolation precautions in hospital infection control advisory committee. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); 1996 Jan 1. 38 p. (CDC prevention guidelines; no. 1/96). [97 references]

None available

None available

This summary was completed by ECRI on April 25, 1999. The information was verified by the guideline developer on November 15, 1999. This NGC summary was updated by ECRI Institute on September 5, 2007.

No copyright restrictions apply.