This is the generic class for system of electrical supply and/or
of control for one or more electric motors where the electric motor
is claimed in combination with such systems of supply and/or
control and the electric motor as claimed constitutes the ultimate
and sole electrical load device supplied by the system or constitutes
the ultimate and sole electrical device being controlled.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
GENERIC OR NORMALLY RECITED ELECTRIC MOTOR.
1. Generic Motor System With Disclosed But Not Claimed Electric
Motor.
Motor systems where the disclosure states that any one of
a plurality of motors may be used in the system, one of which is
an electric motor and another is a non-electric motor, and there
is no claim limiting the system to having a non-electric motor,
are classified in this class (318).
Where the system includes two or more motors, see Electric
Motor Combined With Other Driving Means.
2. Motor Recited By Name Only
The mere inclusion of the electric motor by name only (e.g.,
an "electric motor") as an element of the combination
is sufficient basis for classification in this Class. That is, no
details of structure of the motor or no details of relationship
between the motor and the system of supply and/or control--other
than merely being connected so as to be supplied and/or
controlled by the system--are necessary.
Where, however, the electric motor is not specifically claimed
as such, but is claimed only broadly as "a load device",
an "electric translating device", "a
power consuming device", or any other general load device expression
which does not necessitate that the load device be an electric motor,
classification is not in this class, but in some other appropriate
class which provides for the electric system, per se. This is true
even if the only disclosed load or controlled device is an electric
motor. However, where the load or controlled device is disclosed
as an electric motor but is claimed in general terms and an operating
characteristic is significantly ascribed to such device which characteristic
(e.g., speed, revolutions, limit-of-travel), is substantially only associated
with electric motor, classification will be in this class on the
assumption that an electric motor is in fact claimed. Likewise,
where characteristic parts of an electric motor are recited classification
is herein even though the expression "electric motor" or
its equivalent is not literally present in the claims.
MOTOR AS ULTIMATE LOAD DEVICE (FOLLOW-UP SYSTEMS)
The fact that the electric motor is the ultimate load device
of the system or that it is the ultimate device being controlled
may not always be apparent from the language of the claims. For
example, an arrangement wherein means responsive to a condition
(such as motor speed) of the motor is provided to actuate motor
control or supply means to control the motor is a motor system.
Applying this to a "follow-up" type of motor
control wherein a motor is started, stopped and reversed in response
to a condition of unbalance of an electrical network and wherein
the operation of the motor also rebalances the network, the arrangement
is a motor system since the network and its rebalance constitutes
the control for the motor.
However, if the above motor drives a specific load device
provided for in another class then the patent is excluded from
this class. For example, if the above motor drives an indicator
for indicating the voltage of a system to which the network is connected,
the overall arrangement is a voltage measuring system classified
in Class 324. Similarly if the above motor drives a rheostat which
regulates the voltage of a generator, the combination is a generation
system classified in Class 322.
LOAD DEVICE DRIVEN BY THE MOTOR (INCLUDING POWER, MOTION,
FORCE, OR TORQUE TRANSMITTING DEVICES)
1. This class provides for systems of electric supply and/or
control for electric motors in combination with load devices driven
by the motor when such combination is not provided for in other
classes. The definition of, and/or the patents in, the
several art classes which provide for the combination of particular
load devices and the motive power means therefor will determine
the lines that exist between the several classes and this class.
Consequently, the lines as thus determined may be different for
different classes.
2. Motor Driven Device Not Significantly Claimed.
In general, however, this class provides for electric systems
of supply and/or control for electric motors in combination
with the load device driven thereby where the load device is claimed
so broadly that it has no particular significance in the system
as claimed other than a mere load device. Thus the combination
of an electric motor system and a load device driven by the motor wherein
the load device is recited in general terms only (such as, for example, "a
load device", a "Variable load", a "highly
fluctuating load", "means actuated by the motor",
a "Gradually increasing load", etc.) or in specific
terms, but by name only (such for example, as a "vehicle",
an "airplane", a "rolling mill", "grinding rolls", "gearing".
etc.) and wherein no details of the structure of the specific load
device or no details of relationship between the motor system and
the specific load device, other than that merely necessary broadly
to locate the motor or to constitute a support for the motor or
to merely connect the motor to the load device, are set forth, is
classified in this class.
3. Motor Driven Device Significantly Claimed
This class, also provides for the combination of an electric
motor system in combination with specific load devices wherein details
of structure of the specific load device or details of relationship
between the motor system and the specific load device are set forth
only when no provision is made for such combination in any other class.
4. Plural Motor Driven Devices
Where two or more motor driven load devices are claimed, classification
will be in some other class. For example only, in electric welding
apparatus, the combination of electric motor actuating welding electrodes and
a fan directed to cause air to circulate around the electrodes,
which fan is actuated by another electric motor, classification
is in the art which provides for such combinations; namely, Class
219. If no other class provides for the combination of the specific
plural motor driven load devices, classification will be in an appropriate
subclass in Class 318 depending on whether or not one or more of
the load devices are significantly claimed. See Classification of
Motor Driven Load Devices in this class, below. However, note that
subclass 39 of Class 318 provides for work and feed or indexing
combinations, that is, motor systems having two motors, one motor
driving the work and tool with respect to each other, and the other
motor driving the means for positioning or feeding the tool with
respect to the work.
5. Classification Of Motor Driven Load Devices In This Class
The combination of a motor system and a load device driven
thereby where the load device is claimed broadly (by name only)
is classified in this class on the basis of the motor system and
not on the basis of the combination of the motor system and the
load device.
The combination of a motor system and a specific load device
which is classified in this class (see Motor Driven Device Significantly
Claimed above), is classified in this class on the basis of the
combination in subclasses 3+. See the reference to Motor
Driven Power, Force or Torque Transmitting Devices below.
6. Motor Systems And Power, Motion, Force Or Torque Transmitting
Devices Driven Thereby.
The applications of Load Device Driven by the Motor above,
with respect to a motor system where the motor drives a clutch or
gearing is as follows:
(a) Clutches. An electric motor system where the motor drives
or actuates a clutch is not classified in this class (318) when
(a) details of structure of the clutch, (b) details of relationship
between the motor (or the electrical system therefor) and the clutch
(or its control means) other than a mere driving or connecting relationship,
or (c) operating or control means for the clutch are set forth.
Where, however, the clutch is so broadly claimed (such as by name
only) as to merely constitute a load device actuated by the electric
motor, classification is in this class. The motor driven clutches
excluded from this class (318) are differently classified. Electric
or magnetic clutches of the type in which the transmission of force
is solely through the agency or medium of a magnetic field of force
are classified in Class 310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 92; fluid clutches or fluid drives in which the transmission
of force is solely through the agency of a fluid are classifiable
in Class 60, subclasses 52+; and mechanical clutches for
the main part are classified in Class 192.
(b) The combination of an electric motor system of the type
classifiable, per se, in this class (318) with gearing of the type
classifiable, per se, in Class 74 (Machine Element or Mechanism)
is as follows: Where a gearing arrangement is set forth with or
without an electric motor drive means therefor and with control
means for the gearing other than the drive means, classification
is in Class 74, even though the control means includes an electric
motor actuator. Where a significant electric motor system is set
forth as the driving means for significant gearing, classification
is in this class (318), subclasses 3+, provided no means
for controlling the operation of the gearing is claimed. Where
a significant electric motor system is set forth as driving means
for gearing recited by name only, the gearing is considered to be "load" and
classification is in this class (318), the subclass depending on
the significant electric motor control or supply set forth.
(c) The combination of an electric motor system of the type
classifiable, per se, in this class (318) with a positive stop mechanism
of the type classifiable, per se, in Class 192 (Clutches and Power-Stop
Control) is as follows: Where an electric motor driven device is
combined with a mechanical stop mechanism, and the mechanism stops
the drive independently of any motor control or deenergization,
even though the stopping of the drive incidentally causes control
or deenergization of the motor, classification is in Class 192,
Clutches and Power-Stop Control. Where the stopping operation requires
control of the motor as well as operation of the stop mechanism
classification is in this class (318).
(d) Class 477, Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including
Engine Control, was formed in 1993 from patents in Classes 74 and
192 relating to interrelated controls between an engine and a transmission,
brake, or clutch. Therefore the line between Class 318 and Class 477
is the same as exists between Class 318 and Classes 74 and 192 as
set forth in Motor Systems and Power above.
7. Electric Motor Control And/Or Supply System As
A Control Means In A More Comprehensive System
Where an electric motor drives or actuates specific means
for controlling a specific device, classification will, in general,
be in the art relating to the specific controlled device or in the
art relating to the specific controlling means. For example, an
electric motor control system automatically responsive to the speed
of an internal combustion engine combined with means actuated by
the electric motor for moving the throttle of the internal combustion
engine to maintain the speed of the engine constant would not be
classifiable in this Class (318), but would be classifiable in the
art relating to throttle control of internal combustion engines.
Where, however, the same motor control system is claimed,
per se, (i.e., without being limited to actuating the throttle)
classification would be in this class. And this is true even if
the motor were controlled in response to the speed of the internal
combustion engine, if the motor is not limited to controlling the
engine.
8. One Electric Motor Control System Connected To Operate
The Controls Or The Supply For Another Electric Motor.
Where one electric motor is disclosed for the purpose of operating
some useful load device and has means for controlling the motor,
the controlling means including a second electric motor system whose
sole purpose is to control the load motor, classification of such
combination is in this class (318) on the basis of the control of the
(single) load motor and not on the basis of plural motors.
ELECTRIC MOTOR SYSTEMS COMBINED WITH OTHER ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
1. Combined With Adjunctive Or Ancillary Systems.
The combination of an electrical system of supply and/or
control for an electric motor of the type classifiable, per se,
in this Class with electrical systems for producing some useful
effect or result other than supplying and/or controlling
the electric motor, which latter systems are subordinate to and
operate in conjunction with the motor, the devices driven thereby,
and/or the system of supply and/or control for
the motor, to perform some effect or result thereupon or to indicate,
test, measure, record, calibrate, etc. conditions in (or of) the
motor, the devices actuated thereby and/or the system of
supply and/or control for the motor, is classified in this
class (318).
For example: A system of current, voltage and power-factor
measurements connected to measure electrical conditions in various
parts of an operative electric motor speed control system is classified
in this class (318).
For example: A system for periodically recalibrating a bridge
network to cause it to be maintained at some standard operating
condition in combination with that bridge network connected to an
electric motor so as to control the electric motor, is classified
in this class (318).
2. Combined With Coordinate Electrical Systems
The combination of an electrical system of supply and/or
control of the type classifiable, per se, in this Class with one
or more other electrical systems the function of which other system
is to produce or effect a result which is distinct from the motor
control or supply system but which may, however, be related to the
operation of the motor system so as to cooperate therewith or which
may have some portion thereof constituting a portion in common with
both systems, is classified in some other appropriate class. See
References to Other Classes referencing this section.
For example: A system of supply and control for an electric
motor in combination with a communication system for sending signals
and messages not restricted to the control and operation of the
electric transmission circuit, would not be classifiable in this
class (318).
ELECTRIC MOTOR COMBINED WITH OTHER DRIVING MEANS
This class provides for the combination of one or more electric
motors operating as driving means with one or more driving means
which are not electric motors only when such combination is not
elsewhere provide for.
In general, however, plural driving means when all or one
more thereof are other than electric motors, are provided for elsewhere.
However, typical of the art not provided for elsewhere and
which is included herein, are the combinations of one or more electric
motor (operating as driving means) with axle-operated driving means
or manually-operated driving means.
ELECTRIC MOTORS NOT USED TO CONVERT ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY
Electric machines although designated as "electric motors" but
which are so connected and used to function as means not for converting
electrical energy into mechanical energy but for some other purpose,
are not classified herein. Electric motors to be classifiable herein
must be connected or controlled so as to function as electric motors.
ELECTRIC MOTOR STRUCTURE
The structure of electric motors (as distinguished from the
systems of supply and control) is excluded from this class. See
References to Other Classes, below,
SYSTEMS GENERIC TO MOTORS OR GENERATORS
Where the system includes a dynamo-electric machine, and the
machine is disclosed but not claimed as either an electric motor
or an electric generator, the patent is excluded from this class.
See References to Other Classes, below, for the appropriate class.
MOTOR SYSTEMS OTHER THAN ELECTRIC MOTOR SYSTEMS
See References to Other Classes, below, for a reference to
a compilation of all types of motors.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing,
subclass 38 for platen presser smoothing, (ironing) machines
having two press platens with a pivotedally electric motor operated
movable head or bed.
Power Plants,
subclass 6 for the combination of plural diverse motors (including
electric motors combined with nonelectric motors), and subclass
97 for plural nonelectric motors. See Clutches in this definition.
Power Plants, - notably
subclasses 698+ . For examples, plural, diverse types of motors which
are nonelectric motors. See "Electric Motor Combined With
Other Driving Means" in Lines With Other Classes, above.
Locks,
subclass 271 for predetermined elapsed time interval controlled
electric locks operated by an electric motor, 277 for electric motor operated
lock operating mechanism, 434 for electric motor operated recorders
for recording the condition of a lock operating mechanism.
Music,
subclasses 3 , 9, 11, 19, 107, 113, 405, and 407 for electric
motor operated musical devices, subclass 123 for electric motor
operated note selector sheet winding and rewinding mechanisms.
Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,
subclass 310 for electric motor operated roll type flexible
panel or fabric (roller blinds or shades) devices, and subclass
331 for motor operated arrangements having drape type flexible panel
or fabric type devices.
Motor Vehicles,
subclass 220 for electric powered two wheel vehicles; subclass
65 for miscellaneous electric powered vehicles, subclass 443 for
electric powered steering for vehicles.
Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift
for Vehicle,
subclasses 247+ for computer control of an elevator, subclasses
277+ for an electric control for the power source of the drive
means of an elevator, and subclass 280 for a door actuated electric
control for the power source of the drive means of an elevator.
Brakes, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous braking systems
and devices see
subclasses 157 and 158+ for electric motor operated brakes.
The general line between electric motor braking in Class 318 and
the braking art in Class 188 and 303 is as follows. The nominal
combination of an "electric motor" and a particular
brake or braking system for braking the electric motor, in which
combination no details of structure of the electric motor or no electric
motor circuit relationships are set forth in the claim, is classified
in Classes 188 and 303. Where any particulars of structure characteristic
of an electric motor or any electric motor circuits relationships
are set forth, classification is in Class 318. However, see "Note
1" appended to the search reference to Class 192, immediately
following, for further information regarding the line between Class
318 and other classes for "motor control and brake" combinations.
Whenever the braking means are connected or arranged or operated
to brake a device actuated by the motor and thus only indirectly
brake the motor, classification is in Class 318 provided that the
motor is always braked whenever the brake is made effective and
provided also that the load device to which the motor is connected
does not determine classification elsewhere. However, if the braking means
as claimed are effective at any time to brake the load device without
simultaneously braking the motor or if the braking means is effective
at any time to brake any device not actuated by the motor, classification
is not in Class 318.
Clutches and Power-Stop Control,
subclass .02 for electric motor control and clutch; subclasses
1.1+ for electric motor control and brake. See "Motor
Systems and Power, Motion, Force, or Torque Transmitting Devices" in
Lines With Other Classes, above, for the line between Classes 192
and 318 with respect to motor control and clutch control. The line
between Class 192, subclasses 1.1+, motor control and brake
control, and Class 318 is as follows: Where there is any control
of the electric motor combined with additional means for braking
the motor wherein the motor is always braked whenever the braking
means is rendered effective, classification is in Class 318. Where
the braking means is applied to some device not actuated or driven
by the electric motor, or where the braking means is applied to
a device which is actuated or driven by the electric motor, but
wherein means are provided for discontinuing the driving relationship
between the motor and its driven device so that braking can be applied
to the driven device without simultaneously braking the motor, classification
is in Class 192.
Electric Heating, appropriate subclasses for electric motor actuated and
controlled electric heating systems, see
subclass 4 for electric welding apparatus having electric
motors for moving the welding electrodes.
Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, for temperature and humidity regulating systems which include
an electric motor, particularly
subclass 74 for electric motor actuated systems.
Aeronautics and Astronautics,
subclasses 175+ is the generic subclass for systems and apparatus
for automatically controlling the steering of a mobile device in
two or three dimensions by electrical means. See the Search Notes
to subclasses 175+ for the other classes which provide
for systems and apparatus for the control of the steering or motion
of mobile craft by means of electric motors and for a statement
as to the line between the classes. Also see Load Device Driven
By The Motor in the class definition of Class 318.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,
subclasses 9+ for prime mover dynamo plants involving electric
traction motors; subclasses 10+, 22+, 30, 31+,
36+, 38, 46, 47, and 48 for electric motor starters for
prime mover dynamo plants.
Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake System, for fluid-pressure brake systems, per se, of general
application. The line between Class 303 and Class 318 parallels
the line between Class 188 and Class 318, and is stated in the remarks under
the search reference to Class 188, above.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 11+ for plural load circuit systems, and see Combined
With Coordinate Electrical Systems in Lines With OTher Classes,
above.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate subclasses for structure of electrical
motors, and see Clutches and Electrical Motor Structure in Lines
With Other Classes, above.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate subclasses for the structure of electric
motors (as distinguished from the systems of supply and control).
See "Electric Motor Structure" above.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes,
subclass 62 for control systems for controlling the operation
of a consumable electrode type discharge device (arc lamp) where
the system is controlled in response to the speed of an electric
motor, subclasses 68+ and the subclasses specified in the Notes
to the definition of those subclasses for electric motor driven
feeding mechanism for feeding an electrode in a consumable electrode type
discharge device (arc lamp), see indented subclasses 69+ where
the motor is a rotary electric motor, and subclasses 105+ and
113+ consumable electrode discharge devices having electromagnetic
motor means for separating the electrodes from each other.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging, appropriate subclasses for a generator source for
a battery or capacitor charging or discharging system.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems, electric motor systems are found throughout the class both
as driving means for the generator and as a control therefor. Although
the following subclasses have many motor systems, the list is neither
complete nor exhaustive. See
subclass 16 for electric motor driven generator systems having
simultaneous control of motor and generator; subclass 39 for electric
motor driven generator systems having electric motor control; subclasses
70, 71, 80, and 84 for generator control systems employing electric motor
systems therein. See Systems Generic to Motors or Generators in
the class definition of Class 322.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems, where the system includes a dynamo-electric machine,
and the machine is disclosed but not claimed as either an electric
motor or an electric generator, the patent is included in this class
if the claimed system is otherwise within the definition of Class
322, and provided that no structure or circuit is claimed that limits
the system to being a motor system (in case the machine is disclosed
as being a motor). Where the machine is claimed as being either
a motor or generator, the patent is classified in Class 322. See "Systems
Generic To Motors Or Generators" above.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 201 through 204for dynamoelectric systems; and subclasses 220-354
for regulators which may include motors.
Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets,
subclass 2 for electromagnetically actuated switches, especially
subclasses 68+ for motor operated switches, subclasses
209+ for magnets and electromagnets with or without armatures.
Communications: Electrical, for electric signaling systems which include electric motor systems,
particularly
subclass 870.43 for telemetric systems which include electric motor systems,
such as, for example, follow-up systems.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems
and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation),
subclasses 61+ and 73+ for control where reflected or
otherwise returned radio wave energy (e.g., radar) is utilized.
See the search notes in the class definition of Class 342 for the
other subclasses and classes which provide for radiant energy systems
for controlling devices and apparatus.
Illumination,
subclass 272 for projectors having electromagnetic motor operated
tiltable or rotatable reflector and bulb unit and subclass 286 for
projectors having electromagnetic motor operated adjustable light
source.
Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for systems for rectification, derectification,
phase conversion, frequency conversion, or combinations thereof.
See
subclasses 102+ for dynamoelectric current converter systems; subclass
150 for dynamoelectric phase converter systems; and subclasses 174+ for
dynamoelectric frequency converter systems.
Horology,
subclasses 66 , 76, 218, and 321 for electric motor driven clocks
and the electric systems therefore, and subclasses 250 and 250-254
for electrically operated alarms for clocks.
Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 132+ for an electric motor (piezoelectric or electromagnetic)
driven recording stylus and driving circuitry.
Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process,
subclasses 150+ for high temperature (Tc > 30
K) superconducting devices, and particularly subclasses 166+ for motors
or generators.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications,
subclasses 1 through 89for generic data processing control systems. This
subclass will accept the following claimed subject matter: (a) electric
control systems where the end load or device is not an electric motor;
(b) control systems which may include a positional servo system
but the ultimate claimed load is not a positional servo control; (c)
control systems where a positional servo means is not the sole load;
and (d) control systems where a specific stored programmable digital
computer is used in a positional control system. This is generally
indicated by the presence of a flow chart for data processing; subclasses
90-306 for control systems which are limited by the claims to a
particular process or have a specific utility, particularly subclasses 245-264
for control systems where the ultimate load is a robot arm or arm
segment.
Robots, subcollection 2+ for robot arm motion controllers.
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
ACCELERATION CONTROL
Controlling the change of speed of an electric motor from
zero speed to some running speed value and vice versa, or from one
running speed value to another running speed value. Mere starting
of the motor is not considered to be acceleration control unless
the acceleration of the motor is controlled after the starting operation.
Acceleration control includes deceleration control. Deceleration
control differs from motor braking in that in deceleration control
no means are utilized for applying an opposing torque or output
force to the driving member of the motor. In deceleration control,
for example, the power input to the motor is varied to decelerate the
motor. See the definition of braking below. Mere stopping of the
motor by opening the supply circuit is not deceleration control
in the absence of any means to control the rate of stopping, but
is mere stopping.
For the distinction between acceleration control and running
speed control, see the definition of Running Speed Control.
ALTERNATING-CURRENT COMMUTATING MOTOR
A motor having a commutator electrically connected to a
winding of the motor, the motor being designed to operate on alternating
current. Such motors are sometimes referred to as "series
A-C motors", "universal motors". See
the definition of Repulsion motor above, and the definition of self-commutated
impulse or reluctance motors below.
AUTOMATIC STARTING AND STOPPING
Starting, stopping, or the combination of these two operations
is treated in this class as a single motor operation. Automatic
starting and stopping (i.e., starting or stopping which is initiated
in response to a condition) is classified for the most part in subclass
445 or in the subclasses specified in the notes to the definition
of those subclasses. If the stopping control involves motor braking,
then the patent is classified in the braking control subclasses.
If the stopping control involves motor deceleration control, but
not motor braking, then the patent is classified in the motor acceleration
control subclasses. If the starting control involves motor acceleration
control, then the patent is classified in the motor acceleration
subclasses. See diverse motor operations for the classification
where the system has means for automatic starting or stopping of
the motor and also means for performing another control operation.
Where the motor is stopped and then started in the reverse direction
of motion, the patent is classified in the motor reversing control
subclasses. See below, for a definition of Reversing Control.
Where the motor armature or primary current is controlled during
the starting and/or stopping period other than for acceleration,
deceleration, or braking control, see definition of Motor Load Control.
CIRCUIT MAKING AND/OR BREAKING DEVICE
A device for fully establishing and/or fully
interrupting the electrical conductivity of an electrical path or
circuit between two or more points in an electrical circuit by relative
movement of electrically conductive elements into and/or
out of physical contact with each other.
DIVERSE MOTOR OPERATIONS
For the purpose of classification in the subclasses entitled "plural,
diverse motor operations control" the following limitations
are applied relative to the nature of the several operations:
(I). Starting, stopping, or the combination of these two operations
is treated as a single motor operation control. However, since mere
starting or stopping is an incident to many other motor operations
(such, for example, as acceleration, reversing, braking to a stop,
etc. in which actual starting or stopping may take place) such mere
starting and/or stopping will not be considered a motor
operation control which is included in this subclass as combinable
with other motor operations, unless means are provided for effecting
an automatic starting and/or stopping in response to a
predetermined condition. Thus, ordinary (e.g., manual) starting
or stopping combined with running-speed control is not included
in the plural diverse motor operations control subclasses, whereas
automatic starting and stopping in response to thermal changes combined
with means for causing the motor to run in either direction (reversing)
is included as plural diverse motor operations control. For example;
automatic opening of motor circuit at limit of travel plus simultaneously
shorting the armature for dynamic braking is classified as combined braking
and automatic starting and/or stopping. Likewise, automatically
opening the circuit of the motor while running at an appreciable
speed coupled with a braking operation simultaneously with or shortly thereafter
is considered a plural operational control. The following motor
operations controls are included in the plural diverse motor operations
control subclasses: (a) Reversing control; (b) Acceleration control; (c)
Running-speed control; (d) Braking control; (e) Motor load control,
and (f) Automatic starting and/or stopping. For definitions
of the various individual controls listed above see the other sections under
Definitions of Motor Operation Control of this class which pertain
to the several individual motor controls. The following are not
included herein as combinable motor controls: (a) Phase or Power Factor
Control; (b) Temperature control of the motor, including heating
or cooling thereof; (c) Signalling, testing, indicating or measuring
of conditions in or about the motor; (d) Ordinary or mere starting
and/or stopping of the motor; (e) Phase splitting or phase
conversion to adapt a motor for operation from a source of electrical
supply having a different number of phases than that for which the
motor is wound; and (f) Means for lubricating the motor.
ELECTRIC MOTOR:
A machine which transforms electric energy into mechanical
energy.
IMPEDANCE OR IMPEDANCE DEVICE
A means having inductance, capacity, resistance or any combination
thereof and excluding any source of electric energy.
HOMOPOLAR OR UNIFORM-FIELD MOTORS
A noncommutating motor having a magnetic field producing
means combined with one or more electric conductors mounted to move
relative to and in proximity to the field producing means, the field
producing means being so constructed or energized that the magnetic
field produced thereby is, at any instant of time, of the same polarity
or direction throughout its extent with reference to the path of
travel of the movable electric conductor or conductors.
IMPACT, MECHANICAL SHOCK, OR VIBRATION-PRODUCING MOTOR
An electric motor having means for moving one of the motor
parts into impact or percussive contact with one or more other parts
of either the motor structure or a part which is structurally combined
with the motor structure, or a motor whose prime or essential function
is to transmit mechanical shock or vibrations to a device or mechanism
secured to the motor or upon which the motor may be mounted, (e.g.,
rotary motor with the rotor unbalanced to produce vibrations which
are transmitted to its support.
INDUCTION MOTORS
An asynchronous alternating current motor which operates
during running speed conditions as a result of electromagnetic induction
and which has at least two electrical conductors which are mounted
or positioned in electromagnetic relationship with each other and
for movement relative to each other, and in which alternating current
energy delivered to one of the conductors ("primary" or "inducing" member)
induces in the other of said conductors ("secondary" or "induced" member) an
alternating current and the mechanical energy is obtained as a result
of the electromagnetic inductive action between the magnetic field
generated by the alternating current in the one conductor and the
magnetic field generated by the induced current in the other conductor.
The secondary or induced winding is usually short circuited or shunted
by means of an impedance. An example of an induction motor is the
squirrel cage motor, that is, a motor where the secondary winding consists
of a plurality of short-circuited bars. See the definition of a "repulsion
motor".
LINEAR MOVEMENT MOTORS
A motor having means for causing the working element to
move in a substantially linear or uni-directional path. The path
may be straight, curved, tortuous, or even closed upon itself, provided
the movable element is not pivoted for rotation about an axis.
The motor may have means for reversing the direction of movement
of the movable element. Where the reversing means includes means
for periodically or repeatedly reversing the motor at predetermined
intervals, the motor system is considered to be an oscillating or
reciprocating motor system. See the Glossary definition of Oscillating
Or Reciprocating Motor.
MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MOTOR
A motor having a magnetizable member or which has its dimensions
changed as a result of changing currents in the electromagnetic
field producing means which effects the magnetizable member, the
physical distortion or change in dimensions producing the mechanical
energy.
MOTOR BRAKING CONTROL
Includes any device or means for applying a torque or force
to the power output element of the electric motor in a direction
which is in opposition to the motor torque or force (resulting from
electrical energization of, or the kinetic or potential energy stored
in, the motor) and tending to retard, stop or prevent movement of
the motor--excepting, of course, mere useful load devices actuated
by the motor, or such forces that are normally inherent in the motor
structure, per se, such as bearing friction, windage, eddy current
reaction, etc. However, means providing for substantially increased
or accentuated eddy currents in the motor structure to increase
the retarding or braking effect, are classified herein. Examples
of braking means included herein, include, auxiliary eddy-current
disks, electric generators, fans, pumps, propellers and other motor
shaft loading devices when such devices are limited in the claims
to the function of braking the motor. When such shaft loading devices
are not limited as claimed to the function of braking, classification
is not herein, but in some other appropriate place. For the distinction
between braking control and deceleration control see the definition
of Acceleration Control in the Glossary. Braking of the motor
to control the running speed of the motor (e.g., to maintain the speed
constant) is classified in the running speed control subclasses.
For the distinction between motor braking and motor reversing,
see reversing control below.
MOTOR DECELERATION CONTROL
See the definition of motor acceleration control in
the definition of motor deceleration control.
MOTOR LOAD CONTROL
Controlling the mechanical load actuated by the motor or
controlling the motor armature or primary current during the starting
and/or stopping period of the motor. Where the current
is controlled to control the acceleration or deceleration of the
motor, the system is classified as motor acceleration or deceleration
control, see section IB4a of the class definition. Where the current
is controlled to effect motor braking the system is classified as
braking control see the definition acceleration control.
MOTOR OPERATION CONTROL
See the Glossary terms Acceleration Control; Automatic
Starting and Stopping; Motor Braking Control, Motor Deceleration
Control; Motor Load Control, Reversing Control, Running Speed Control;
Starting And/Or Stopping; Diverse Motor Operations.
NONMAGNETIC MOTOR
A motor having means other than a magnetic field producing
means for producing a mechanical force. Example of nonmagnetic
motors are piezo-electric crystals, thermo-electric motors.
RECIPROCATING OR OSCILLATING MOTOR
A motor which is structurally arranged or constructed
so as to have a limited degree of movement, and which is provided
with means for moving the movable (working element) of the motor
to-and-fro repeatedly over substantially the same path or arc of
movement (including rotations about an axis co-incident with the
geometrical or center-or-gravity axis of the movable element of
the motor). Compare this definition and the definition of "LINEAR
MOVEMENT MOTORS".
SPECIAL TYPES OF MOTORS:
The several designations applied to distinguish the several
types of motors such as series motors, induction motors, synchronous
motors, etc., shall apply to those motors whose normal running
characteristics are so described. Thus a synchronous motor is one
which runs as a synchronous motor under normal running or load conditions.
This is true even though the motor may be driven by some other
device either (mechanical or electrical) during the starting and/or
accelerating period or may operate on some other motor principle
during the starting or accelerating period. Such an instance may
be illustrated by a synchronous motor which is provided with means
to cause it to start as an induction motor and subsequently and
normally run at synchronous speed. Such a motor is considered to
be a synchronous motor, since under normal running conditions, it
exhibits all the characteristics of a synchronous motor.
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
An alternating-current or a pulsating current motor which,
under running-speed conditions, operates at an average speed which
is always exactly proportional to the frequency or periodicity of
the source which supplies electric energy to the armature or primary
circuit of the motor and which speed is independent of the voltage
of the source, the magnitude of the field excitation, or the load
on the motor.
REPULSION MOTOR
An induction motor (defined in INDUCTION MOTORS above)
in which the secondary or induced member is provided with a commutator,
the commutator being engaged with a pair of circumferencially spaced short-circuited
brushes, and in which either means (e.g., an auxiliary winding)
is provided in inductive relation to the secondary to produce a
magnetic field in time phase with, and displaced in relation to,
the field produced by the primary or inducing member, or the brushes
are displaced from the mid-position between adjacent primary (winding)
pole positions whereby the motor may operate continuously under
running-speed conditions. See the definition of self-commutated
impulse or reluctance motors.
SERIES MOTOR
A motor having at least one field producing winding and at
least one armature winding, all of the field-producing windings
which are connected to be energized being electrically connected
in series-circuit relationship with all of the armature windings
which are connected to be energized.
SELF-COMMUTATED IMPULSE OR RELUCTANCE MOTORS
A rotary motor of the type in which the rotor element tends
to assume a predetermined angular position when the motor is continuously
energized and is provided with a commutator or circuit making and
breaking device which is actuated by the motor to determine the instants
of time at which the field producing windings thereof are energized
and de-energized relative to the angular position of the rotary
element. See the definition of a Repulsion Motor above.
REVERSING CONTROL
Motor systems in which means are provided for operating
the motor in one direction at one time and in the opposite direction
at another time, or for causing the motor to operate in a direction
opposite to that in which it has previously been operating. In
reversing motor systems, means must be provided for causing the
motor to produce a torque in both directions of operations. Where
the motor current is controlled only to bring the motor to a stop
or to brake the motor, there being no operation in the reverse direction,
the system is classified as motor braking or as motor deceleration
control, depending upon whether the motor is merely braked or whether
the rate of deceleration is controlled. See the class definition
for a definition of deceleration control and motor braking control
in the class definition for a definition of braking control.
RUNNING SPEED CONTROL
Motor systems in which means are provided for regulating
or controlling the speed of an electric motor after it has been
accelerated to some operating speed at which it is designed to run
until the work or useful load device driven by the motor has performed
its duty at that speed.
(1)
Note. Means for controlling the speed of the motor during
the starting or accelerating period of operation (i.e., means for
controlling the rate of change of speed) are not classified herein
even though the claims may term such control as "speed" control, but
are classified under "acceleration". For a definition
of acceleration control, see section IB4a, of the class definition.
Since it is common practice to use the acceleration means for also
controlling the running-speed of the motor, patents in which both acceleration
and running-speed are claimed and in which both controls are effected
by precisely the same means in whole or in part, classification
will be on the basis of acceleration control only. Under these
circumstances of control when some claims refer only to "running-speed" control
and/or some other claims refer only to acceleration control,
classification will only be on the basis of the acceleration control.
When, however, acceleration and running-speed control means are
claimed in combination and any means not a part of the acceleration means
are used to control the running-speed, classification will be on
the basis of combined motor-operation controls including acceleration
and running-speed control. Where means are employed to affect the
magnitude of the running-speed of an electric motor and the magnitude
of the means (e.g., resistance, reactance, voltage, etc.), or the
position (e.g., angle of brush position), of the running-speed control means
is not varied or changed, either inherently or otherwise, at any
time during the period of acceleration, classification will be on
the basis of running-speed control and not on the basis of acceleration control
even though there may be some effect on the rate of acceleration.
For example, a motor speed control system comprising a fixed resistor
connected in the armature circuit, the magnitude of the resistance
of which resistor does not vary appreciably under the conditions
of use and which resistor is not varied or removed from the circuit
during the acceleration period is classifiable under running speed control
and not under acceleration control. Since some running-speed control
means may be similar or even identical with some acceleration control
means, searches for motor acceleration control should be, in appropriate
instances, extended to include the running-speed control art.
STARTING AND/OR STOPPING
Generally, the only motor systems classified as starting and
stopping are those where the supply circuit to the motor is merely
closed in the case of starting, or the supply circuit is opened
in the case of stopping, there being no control of the rate of starting
or stopping, or no auxiliary means to brake the motor. See the
definition of acceleration control of the class definition for the
starting and/or stopping systems which include motor acceleration
and/or deceleration control means. See the definition
of motor braking control of the class definition for the stopping
systems which include motor braking. See the definition of motor
braking control for the class definition for motor systems where
the armature or primary circuit is controlled during the starting
and/or stopping period for purposes other than motor acceleration,
deceleration or braking control. Motor systems having only starting
and/or stopping control are classified in the miscellaneous
subclasses of this class. See Subclass References to the Current
Class for motor systems where automatically controlled means control
the starting and/or stopping and for the motor systems where
the system includes a three or more position motor controller to
control the starting and/or stopping.
ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH NONMOTOR DRIVING MEANS (E.G., AXLE DRIVE, MANUAL DRIVE)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which one or more electric motors are
combined with one or more means (other than a motor) for driving
or actuating one or more load devices, e.g., axle drives.
(1)
Note. See Electric Motor Combined With Other Driving Means
in the Class Definition for the line between this class and other
classes which provide for the combination of an electric motor and
a nonelectric motor.
(2)
Note. Where the electric motor or motors and other driving
means drive or are part of an art device, classification is with
the art device and not in this class. See Load Device Driven By
The Motor in the Class Definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which one or more electric motors are
combined with manually actuated means for driving or actuating one
or more load devices.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclass 479.01 for plural controlling or actuating elements for
levers and linkages in general and subclasses 625+ for
alternate hand or power operators, where no electric motor control
is claimed.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which one or more electric motors are
connected or arranged to be connected to actuate one or more particular
or specific load devices which load devices must constitute a significant
part of the combination; and in which means are also provided for
controlling or supplying electric energy to the electric motor or
motors.
(1)
Note. See Load Device Driven By The Motor, in the Class Definition
for a statement in regard to the combination of electric motors
and load devices driven thereby included to this class.
(2)
Note. Significant power, torque, force or motion transmitting
mechanism is considered to be a particular or specific load device
for classification in this or the indented subclasses. See Motor
Systems and Power, Motion, Force or Torque Transmitting Devices
Driven Thereby, in the Class Definition for the combinations of
motor supply and/or control and the power, torque, force
or motion transmitting mechanism driven thereby which are included
in this class.
(3)
Note. Where the particular load device is a flywheel merely,
classification is not herein but in appropriate subclasses below.
See the Search notes below.
(4)
Note. See the classes listed under the class definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter in which there are two or more particular
load devices driven by one or more electric motors and in which
one or more of the load devices are structurally different from
or are operated or controlled differently (e.g., with respect to
time, mode or degree of operation or control, particular means employed
to effect the operation or control) than one or more of the other
of the load devices.
(1)
Note. Where the plural driven devices operate as a unit,
all receiving the same kind and degree of control so that they function
as a single (although sometimes variable) unit, classification will
be in this class along with the single driven devices.
(2)
Note. Where two or more load devices are claimed and at least
one of the load devices is significantly claimed, classification
will be in this subclass or a subclass indented hereunder.
(3)
Note. This and the indented subclass include the combination
of an electric motor driving a particular or specific load device
and a power, force or motion transmitting mechanism, the latter
mechanism having means for driving a load device other than the
first mentioned particular or specific load device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter in which two or more electric motors are
provided to drive the driven devices and in which one of the motors
is arranged to drive one of the driven devices and another of the
motors is arranged to drive another of the driven devices; or, in
which one of the motors is supplied with electrical energy differently
or is controlled differently with respect to time, load, speed,
etc., from another of the motors, or in which one of the motors
is substantially different structurally from another motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
one or more electric motors so as to control the tension or tautness
in a material being driven, conveyed, or otherwise moved by the
motor at some predetermined value or within some predetermined limits.
Metal Deforming,
subclass 6 for a metal-shaping apparatus combined with a condition
responsive device for automatically controlling the operation of
the apparatus and subclass 183 for a metal deforming apparatus for deflecting
successively presented portions of work by tension applied thereto.
Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or
Pulling Force,
subclasses 274+ for apparatus for hauling or hoisting a load, including
a cable-pulling drum having a mechanism linked to the drum, or a
rotating element of the drive for the drum, for generating a control
impulse to the drive motor of the drum when the torque on the drum
varies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter in which two or more motors are controlled
and in which one or more of the motors are controlled differently
from one or more other of the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter in which two or more electric motors are
employed to drive a particular load device and in which one or more
of the motors (1) are substantially different, structurally, or (2)
are controlled or operated differently with respect to time, load,
speed, etc., from one or more other of the motors.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes subject matter within the class
definition where plural diverse or diversely controlled electric
motors drive differential gearing.
Power Plants,
subclass 716 a system of plural motors having a common output
and not provided for elsewhere. See the search note in the definition
of subclass 698 of Class 60.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter in which the particular motor driven device
comprises means for receiving and transmitting mechanical power,
torque, force, or motion from the electric motor to some load device
adapted to be actuated thereby.
(1)
Note. Motor Systems and Power, Motion, Force or Torque Transmitting Devices
Driven Thereby in the class definition for the combinations of an
electric motor and a power, torque, force or motion transmitting
mechanism included in this class.
(2)
Note. This subclass excludes motor driven clutches and motor
driven magnetic field type of transmitting device. See Search Class
below.
for such transmitting mechanisms in combination
with other particular load devices, all actuated by electric motors,
the transmitting mechanism having means for driving a load device
other than the particular load device.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclasses 75+ for electric motors having drive mechanism therefor,
and subclasses 92+ for the combination of an electric motor
and a magnetic field type of transmitting mechanism. See (1) Note
above.
Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including
Engine Control, for interrelated control between a motor and a transmission,
clutch, or brake. See (1) Note above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the means driven by the motor is
adapted to drive a load shaft or device in a forward and in a reverse
direction without reversing the direction of operation of the motor.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 202 , 355, 361, 376+, 404, and other appropriate
subclasses for reversing gearing, and also "Mechanical
movement" subclasses involving oscillating or reciprocating
motions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the transmitting mechanism is adapted
to drive a load device at two or more speeds for a given single
speed of the electric motor.
for variable speed power or motion transmitting
mechanism (differential gearing) driven by plural diverse or diversely
controlled electric motors, as by driving two input shafts, to obtain
a variable speed of the output shaft of the gearing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter in which the variable speed transmission
is mechanical gearing provided with means for producing two or more
output speeds when the input or receiving element thereof is being
driven at a single speed.
(1)
Note. For a definition of "mechanical gearing",
see (1) Note under subclass 15, hereinafter.
(2)
Note. See the combination of an electric motor system of
the type classifiable in the class definition, for a reference to
the electric motor driven gearing in this class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which the variable speed gearing is a
differential gearing with means for varying the output speed of
the gearing when the speed of the driving electric motor is at a predetermined
single value.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the power transmitting mechanism
is a device which receives a force or motion from an electric motor
having one type or kind of motion (i.e., rotary, linear, etc.) and
delivers the force or motion by an element of the device which moves
with a different type or kind of motion (i.e., linear, reciprocating, rotary,
etc.).
Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses under "Mechanical Movements" beginning
with
subclass 20 for details of the motion converting mechanism,
per se.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclasses 80+ for motion converting drive mechanism for an electric
motor and subclasses 92+ for magnetically energized motion
converting means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the power transmitting mechanism
is a mechanical gearing or gear.
(1)
Note. For purposes of this class, "Mechanical Gearing" is
described as a device comprising two or more relatively rotatable
solid bodies each provided with interengaging elements or frictional
contact surfaces whereby one or more of the relatively rotating
bodies, operating in rolling contact with another of said bodies,
will transmit to or receive force or motion from said other body
by virtue of such rolling contact. This includes belt gearing.
Also a "gear" is described as one of the relatively
rotating bodies in the preceding paragraph.
(2)
Note. See the combination of an electric motor system of
the type classifiable, for a reference to the electric motor driven
gearing in this class.
SUPPLIED OR CONTROLLED BY SPACE-TRANSMITTED ELECTROMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY (E.G., BY RADIO)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the electric motor is supplied with
and/or controlled by electric space-transmitted electromagnetic
or electrostatic energy. (e.g., radio energy).
(1)
Note. Unitary or structurally organized devices commonly
known as electromagnets, electric motors, electrostatic motors,
etc., in which an air gap or a displaceable dielectric or nonmagnetic
substance is present and across which electromagnetic or electrostatic
lines of force extend to an armature thereof, are not included in
the above recited means.
(2)
Note. The magnitude of the distance between the transmitter
of energy or signals and the receiver is not critical since they
may be separated merely by a thin membrane, a wall between rooms,
or miles between stations.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of that subclass for motor systems within the class definition
which are controlled by radiant energy, other than electromagnetic
or electrostatic energy.
Aeronautics and Astronautics,
subclasses 175+ is the generic subclass for systems and apparatus
for automatically controlling the steering of a mobile device in
two or three dimensions by electrical means, including such control
systems which utilize radiant energy. See the Notes to the definition
of that subclass for the other classes which provide for systems
and apparatus for the control of the steering or motion of mobile devices
and for a statement as to the lines between the classes.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 825.69 and 825.72 are the generic subclasses for systems
for the control of apparatus and devices at a distance by means
of radio wave energy.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation),
subclasses 61+ for radio wave signal control if reflected or otherwise
returned (e.g., radar) energy is utilized; subclasses 422+ provides
for direction finding receivers having movable antennas which are
orientated in the direction of the received signal by means of an electric
motor system. See the search notes in Class 342 for other subclasses and
classes which provide for radiant energy systems for controlling
apparatus and devices.
PORTABLE-MOUNTED MOTOR AND/OR PORTABLE-MOUNTED ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS THEREFOR
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for portably
supporting an electric motor or the electrical system of supply
and/or control therefor, the supporting means being particularly
adapted for moving the motor or the system from one place to a different
place.
(1)
Note. By way of example only, the following means are illustrative
of portably-supporting means included in this subclass: runners
or skids, wheels or rollers, drags or "stone-boats",
floating devices or boats, vehicle, airplane, lighter-than-aircraft,
etc.
(2)
Note. Where the motor is limited to actuating means which
propel the supporting means therefor, classification is not in this
class but in motor vehicles or in some other appropriate class except
in those instances where the combination is nominal and is classified
on basis of subcombination elsewhere in this class.
(3)
Note. Handles, hooks, eyes, etc., connected to, attached,
or built-in a motor are not considered as portably mounting means.
(4)
Note. Electric motors with means for adjustable positioning
the motor on an otherwise fixed support for the purpose of alignment,
levelling, belt-tightening, etc., are not included herein.
(5)
Note. See the classes listed under "Search Class" in
the class definition for other classes which provide for portably mounted
electric motors or portable systems for electric motors.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 47 for portable or hand held rotary magnetic motors
and subclass 50 for portable rotary electric motors.
PLURAL, DIVERSE OR DIVERSELY CONTROLLED ELECTRIC MOTORS
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which there are two or more electric motors
forming the ultimate load on the system of which one or more thereof are:
(1) Substantially structurally different than, or (2) Supplied
by substantially different sources of electrical supply than, or
(3) Controlled substantially differently than one or more others
of the motors.
(1)
Note. For example only, it is interpreted that: (1) Motors
differ structurally when they are different in size, capacity, structural
details, etc.; (2) Motors are supplied by different sources of supply when
the sources differ (a) in kind or type (e.g., AC and DC, generators
and electrical converters, different types of electrical converters,
different types of generators, etc.) or (b) when the sources differ
in size or capacity, or in magnitude of an electrical characteristic
thereof, such for example as frequency, voltage; (3) Motors are
controlled differently when they are controlled at different times,
in different degrees or magnitude, by different control means, by
control means in different motor circuits, etc.
(2)
Note. When the system of supply and control is not limited
as above, that is, when the motors are controlled as a unit, classification
will be in the subclasses with single motors.
(3)
Note. The several motors must have a useful output severally
and individually (i.e., they must be "work" motors).
When a motor merely actuates a control element for controlling
another motor, such motor is not a useful output or work motor such
as is classified herein.
(4)
Note. Plural motors implies the existence of two distinct
motors. Two distinct motors may be encased in a common housing,
be intricately interfitting, or mounted on a common base. However,
each must have its distinct field structure and its distinct primary
or armature structure, and each must be magnetically distinct, from
the other. A motor element having a common field structure, a common
field flux or a common path for the field flux, even though excited
by separate windings fed from each armature and two separate armature structures,
is not considered a plural motor device. Likewise, a common armature
with separate windings supplied by different sources, but in which the
fluxes traverse common parts or paths is not a plural motor device.
(5)
Note. Motor systems having a plurality of motors, one or
more of which run at a constant speed or are not provided with any
significant motor control means, and only one of the motors being
provided with significant control means, are not classified in subclasses
34+, but will be found in the subclasses below which provide
for the control system for the single motor which is controlled.
Power Plants,
subclasses 698+ for plural motors in general, including the combination
of an electrical motor and a nonelectrical motor. See the search
notes in the definition of subclass 698 of Class 60 for a listing
of plural motor subclasses.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,
subclass 4 for electric generation systems having two or more
prime movers, at least one of which is a nonelectric prime mover,
for actuating a generator or generators.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclasses 112+ for plural rotary dynamo-electric units electrically
distinct but structurally united; subclasses 114+ for rotary
electric motors or generators having plural rotors; subclasses 127+ for
electric motors having two or more commutator and/or sets
of slip rings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which there are one or more motors having
one kind of driving or output motion (e.g., rotary motion) and one
or more other motors having another king of output or driving motion
(e.g., linear motion) and wherein the motors are each adapted to
drive or actuate a useful load device separately or in common.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which two or more of the diverse or diversely
controlled motors are reciprocating or oscillating motors.
(1)
Note. See Reciprocating or Oscillating Motor, for the definition
of a "reciprocating or oscillating" motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which two or more of the diverse or diversely
controlled motors are linear-movement motors.
(1)
Note. For the definition of "linear-movement motors",
see Linear Movement Motors. of the class definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which one or more electric motors, hereinafter
referred to as "work" motors, are arranged to
actuate means for producing relative motion between: (1) a thing
to be treated, traversed or operated on, hereinafter referred to
as the "work", and (2), a tool, or traversing
or operating mechanism, hereinafter referred to as the "tool",
the tool being adapted to perform some work or operation on or with respect
to the work, combined with one or more other electric motors, hereinafter
referred to as the "feed" or "indexing" motors,
arranged to control; (3) the rate of feed of the "work" to the "tool" or
vice versa, or (4) the position of the "tool",
spacially or angularly, relative to the path of movement of the
work or the tool whichever is driven by the work motor.
(1)
Note. In accordance with the class definition, when the work
and feed motor combination is limited to actuating particular driven
devices, classification will not be in this subclass (39) but will
be classified in some other class. See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class. Inclusion of the devices operated by the
motors by name only, such as a "reciprocating table",
or "a carriage", a "movable tool holder" where
no significant structure of the machine operated by the motors,
will not be sufficient to exclude the patent from this subclass.
When, however, the motors are claimed as being related as work
and feed or indexing motors with respect to each other and their
operations are related to each other, classification will be in
this subclass. Designation of the motors as "work" and "feed" or "indexing" motors is
sufficient basis for classification herein.
for motor systems having particular load devices,
see subclass 4 where the motors drive a plurality of load devices,
and subclass 8 for plural motor drives for a single particular load
device.
Metal Working, work and feed motor arrangements are found throughout the
class, particularly note
subclasses 33+ for combined machines employing work and feed motor
combinations.
Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclasses 5+ , 8+ and 14+ for the combination
of a drilling machine of that class type with a control means actuated
by an external stimulus.
Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, especially
subclasses 10+ , 50+, 75+, 79+, 183+,
185+, 332, and 339+ for a work feed motor arrangement
in combination with a gear cutting machine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means, other than an electric motor,
are provided for causing the rotary work-element of one or more
of the electric motors to tend to return to a previously occupied
position when moved therefrom as a result of energization of the
motor.
for motor systems having reciprocating or oscillating
motors which are biassed to cause the movable element of the motor
to move in one direction of the reciprocating movement.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclasses 15+ for the structure of reciprocating motors having
biasing means for causing the movable element to move in one direction
of the reciprocating movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for electrically
interconnecting the winding of an electric motor to the winding
of another electric motor, or for electrically interconnecting a winding
on an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine connected to the rotor of
an electric motor to the winding of an auxiliary dynamo-electric
machine connected to the rotor of another electric motor; said interconnections being
so arranged that when the two electric motors operate at predetermined
relative speeds and/or phase relationships substantially no
current flows in said interconnections, but that when said relative
speeds or phase relationship depart from said relationships current flow
occurs in the interconnection in a direction which tends to restore
the said speed and/or phase relationships between the motors.
and 30, for follow-up electric motor systems of
the synchronous type in which the transmitter (a dynamo-electric
machine) is electrically interconnected with the receiver (an electric motor)
and in which movement of one machine tends to cause intercirculating
currents to flow resulting in a tendency toward synchronous movement therewith
of the other dynamo-electric machine.
Television,
subclasses 500+ for television systems having synchronizing systems
for synchronizing motors at the transmitting and receiving stations with
respect to each other.
Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclasses 409 through 424for facsimile systems having synchronizing systems
for synchronizing motors at the transmitting and receiving stations
with respect to each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter in which an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine
is connected to the rotors of each of two or more electric motors,
and the synchronizing interconnections are connected between the
windings on the auxiliary dynamo-electric machines.
(1)
Note. These dynamo-electric machines normally operate as
generators when the motors are operated at a predetermined speed
and/or phase relationship and develop voltages that are
substantially equal and in opposition to each other. When, the predetermined
speed and/or phase relationships do not exist the magnitude
or the phase of the opposing voltages is such as to cause one of
the dynamo-electric machines to supply electric energy to the other,
the delivering dynamo-electric machine thereby tending to load and
hence reduce the speed of the motor to which it is connected and
the receiving dynamo-electric machine tending to aid the electric motor
to which it is connected and, hence, to tend to increase the speed thereof
whereby the two motors are subjected to forces tending to restore
the predetermined speed and/or phase relationship therebetween.
for two or more motors each driving a tachometer
generator the armature circuits of which are connected in series opposition
with each other and also in series with some electric current responsive
device to detect current flow in the circuits of the interconnected
generators and as a result initiate changes in the relative speeds
of the motors.
Electrical Transmission of Interconnection Systems,
subclass 32 for electrical systems in which two or more load
circuits have control means for proportioning or dividing the total load
therebetween; subclass 84 for parallel generators which supply energy
to a useful load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter in which each of the interconnected motors
is either a direct-current motor or an alternating current motor
having both a commutator and one or more slip rings, the synchronizing
interconnections being connected to the slip rings.
(1)
Note. See Alternating-Current Commutating Motor, for a definition
of an "alternating current commutator" motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter in which two or more of the motors are induction
motors, the interconnections being made between the secondaries (induced
windings).
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for coupling,
mechanically, the driving or output members of two or more motors
in a fixed or predetermined ratio of movement.
(1)
Note. Where one motor is connected to actuate an element
of a second motor which element is not the working or output member
of the second motor, classification is not in this subclass or subclasses
indented hereunder but in some other appropriate subclass.
(2)
Note. The following coupled motors are included in this subclass:
(1) two motors rigidly and directly connected to a common load shaft
whether in a common or separate housing so long as each of the motor
units is a distinct unit capable of operating by itself; (2) two
or more motors coupled together through a variable speed gearing
which is adjustable to effect different coupling or speed ratios between
the motors but when adjusted to any particular ratio, does not permit
the motors to operate at any other ratio of speeds; (3) two or more
motors positively but resiliently, connected to a common load shaft
so that each motor is capable of slight movement relative to its
shaft but further movement in the same direction is inhibited; (4)
Two or more motors geared to a common load.
(3)
Note. The following motors are not included in this subclass:
(1) Two or more motors connected to a common load by any means where
slippage or racing of one motor may occur relative to another; such,
for example, as two motors driving separate wheels of a vehicle
which wheels are not positively geared or linked together by a means other
than the common smooth rail or roadbed. See subclass 52 for this
subject matter.
Railway Rolling Stock,
subclasses 49+ for multiple motored electric locomotives the several
wheels or axles of which may be mechanically interconnected by means
of parallel or side rods.
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter in which one or more of the motors have electrical
or mechanical characteristics which are different than the corresponding
characteristic of one or more others of the motors.
(1)
Note. For example, two motors having materially different
speed-torque characteristics are included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter in which one or more of the motors is a synchronous
motor and one or more others of the motors is a non-synchronous motor.
(1)
Note. For a definition of a synchronous motor, see Synchronous
Motor, of the class definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter in which one or more of the motors are connected
to a rotary member so as to exert a torque therein in one direction
and one or more others of the motors are connected to the same rotary
member so as to exert torque therein in the opposite direction (either
simultaneously or otherwise).
(1)
Note. Usually, where the torque is applied simultaneously,
the shaft is turned in one direction by the motor generating the
largest torque.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which there are one or more motors adapted
to be connected to one or more sources of electric energy to convert
part of the energy into mechanical energy and part into electrical
energy and in which there are one or more other motors combined
with means for supplying the last named motors with the converted
electrical energy.
(1)
Note. Arrangements within the definition of this subclass
include: (1) a wound-secondary induction motor in the secondary
circuit of which is connected the primary or armature windings of another
AC motor, both motors, being adapted to perform useful work; (2)
A direct current motor adapted to perform useful work and in addition
thereto driving a d-c generator the output of which is supplied
to another electric motor.
(2)
Note. Means may be provided for also connecting the same
motors in other relations with each other. For example the circuit
may be arranged so that the motors may be connected in cascade,
or in series or in parallel.
(3)
Note. For cascade arrangements the armatures of the several
motors may not be connected conductively in series; that is, the
same current may not pass through one motor and then be conducted
on to another motor electrically in series with said one motor.
Usually, the armature of one motor is connected to the secondary
of another (induction) motor. The s:graphic in this Note may be considered
to depict plural motors with separate sources of supply, also they may
be considered to be electrically in series.
(4)
Note. When electric energy is led to one machine which may
be referred to as a "motor" but which serves only
to convert electrical energy and to supply the converted energy
to a motor which has a mechanical energy output, the first machine
is merely considered a converter and not a motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
the motors in electrical relationship with each other in other than
cascade or tandem relation.
(1)
Note. For example, the system may be arranged so that the
motors may be connected in cascade or tandem, or in series, or in
parallel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
one or more motors to effect one operational control thereof and
for controlling one or more other motors to effect a different operational
control thereof.
(1)
Note. This subclass is designed to include systems in which
the controls for different motors (which may be of the same type)
differ from each other; i.e., substantially the same operational
control is not exercised over all motors. The same kind or type
of control applied to different motors merely at different times
is not included herein. For example, see subclass 67 for plural
motor systems where means are provided for running one motor at
a different speed from another, and subclass 91 for plural motor
systems having means to accelerate or decelerate the motors in succession
or selectively.
(2)
Note. For example, means may be provided for controlling
the running speed only of one motor and for controlling the rate
of acceleration only of another motor whether at the same or different times.
for plural motor systems where the system includes
means for effecting two or more diverse operations of the motors
(reversing, running speed control, braking, acceleration, deceleration,
automatic stopping or starting) the control operations being effected upon
all the motors, either simultaneously or in sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for reducing
the speed of, or reducing the electrical power input to, one or
more electric motors when one or more of the electric motors is
slipping or racing while operating as a motor.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes means which sense: (1) A sudden
increase in speed (that is, a high rate of change of speed) of one
or more electric motors, or (2) A speed of one or more electric motors
the speed of which is considerably in excess of normal or rated
speed thereof, or (3) A substantial change in the relative speeds
of two or more motors connected to operate a common load device
or physically interconnected load devices so that the motors normally tend
to operate at a predetermined ratio of speeds and effects a reduction
in speed of one or more of the motors when the above speed conditions
exist.
(2)
Note. "Slipping" usually occurs when the
motor fails to drive its load, through failure of the mechanical
connection between the motor and load, and thereby increases its
speed due to a lack of load on the motor. An example of slipping
is the case of a traction motor driving a wheel, the wheel may fail
to grip the rail or road bed and "spin", thereby
reducing the load on the motor.
(3)
Note. Where the control means affects the operation at all
speeds loads such as maintaining the speed of or load on the motor
or motors constant, or maintaining a predetermined load division
between several motors, classification is not in this subclass,
but is classified herein below in the appropriate subclasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for effecting
two or more diverse operations of two or more motors.
(1)
Note. Combinations of the following single operations are
included in this subclass: (a) Reversing control, (b) Acceleration
control; (c) Running-speed control; (d) Braking control; (e) Motor Load
control; (f) Automatic stopping and/or starting. The following
are not considered to be a single operation such as when combined
with only one of the operations in (a) to (f) or with each other form
plural diverse motor-operation control for classification in these
subclasses: (1) Phase or Power Factor control; (2) Temperature control
of the motor; (3) Signalling, Testing, Indicating or measuring conditions
in the motor or its system; (4) Ordinary (manual) stopping and/or
starting; (5) Phase splitting or phase conversion to supply the
motor; (6) Lubricating the motor. For example, operation (a) with
any one or more of operations (1) to (6) are not classified in these
subclasses.
for this subject matter where the system includes
plural motors in which one or more of the motors is controlled differently
than one or more of the others.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter in which means are provided for also controlling
the running-speed of the motors.
(1)
Note. When the means which is used for controlling the acceleration
and/or deceleration of the motors is also used for controlling
the running speed of the motors, no other running-speed control means
being claimed, classification will be in an appropriate subclass
which includes acceleration control. See subclasses 58, 61, 64
below.
and the subclasses specified in the search Notes
thereto for other plural motor systems having means for running-speed
control of plural motors, and another means for a different motor
control operation.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of that subclass for other plural motor systems having means
for controlling the acceleration of the motor and means for performing
a different type of motor control operation. See Note (1) above.
and the subclasses specified in the search Notes
thereto, for other plural motor systems having controls of plural
motors including braking thereof and another diverse type of operation.
and the subclasses specified in the search Notes
thereto, for other plural motor systems having means for controlling
the braking and another different type of operation of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter in which means are provided for also controlling
the rate of the motors acceleration and or deceleration.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for plural motor systems having means for controlling the acceleration
and/or deceleration of the motors and means for performing
a different motor control operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the running speed of the motors in addition to one or more other
motor operations.
(1)
Note. Where the same means which is used for controlling
the acceleration and/or deceleration of the motors is also
used to control the running speed of the motors, no other running
speed control being claimed, classification will not be herein but
in the appropriate acceleration subclass.
and the subclasses specified in the definition of
that subclass for plural motor systems having means for controlling
the acceleration of the motor and for performing another motor control
operation.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto
for plural motor systems having means for controlling the braking
of the motors and for performing another control operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter in which means are provided for also controlling
the acceleration and/or deceleration of the motors.
for this subject matter where the system includes
means to control the running speed, acceleration and/or deceleration
and reversing and with or without braking control of plural motors.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of that subclass for other plural motor systems having means
to control the acceleration and/or deceleration and to
perform a different motor control operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter in which means are also provided for automatically
starting and/or stopping the motors in response to one
or more predetermined conditions and/or with means to effect
a predetermined time delay in one or more operational controls of
the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which means are provided for braking the
motors in addition to one or more other operational controls of
the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the rate of acceleration and/or deceleration of the motors.
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for single motor systems having acceleration and deceleration
control combined with other motor operational controls.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for causing two
or more electric motors to operate in one direction at one time
and in a reverse direction at another time.
(1)
Note. Reversing the motor connections or reversing the application
of power to the motors while running, and terminating the application
of power to the motors prior to or substantially at the time when
the speed of the motors approach zero speed is not included herein
but is classified under braking. See subclasses 86+, for
braking control for plural motors. There must be a substantial
operation of the motors in a reverse direction to be classified
herein.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or
Discharging, appropriate subclasses, especially Digest 15, for polarity
control in a battery or capacitor charging or discharging system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the running speed of two or more electric motors.
(1)
Note. Where the same means which is used to control the acceleration
and/or deceleration of the motor is also used to control
the running speed of the motors, no other running control means
being claimed, classification will not be herein but in the more
appropriate acceleration subclass.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of those subclasses for this subject matter where the
system includes means for running speed control and another different type
of motor control.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 53+ for load current division among a plurality of
generators, frequently by control of their running speed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter in which means are provided for running one
or more motors at one speed and one or more other motors at another
speed simultaneously.
(1)
Note. At times, all the motors may be run at the same speed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
or regulating the speed of one or more electric motors relative
to the speed of one or more other electric motors.
(1)
Note. This or the indented subclasses do not include systems
where the running speed of all the motors is controlled as a group.
for this subject matter where there are electrical
synchronizing connections between a plurality of motors so that when
the speed of one motor changes with respect to another motor, one
of the motors will act either as a prime mover for a generator or
as a generator to supply electric energy to the other motor.
for this subject matter where means are provided
for reducing the speed of or reducing the electric energy supplied
to a motor when such motor is "slipping" or racing.
for plural motor systems where the acceleration
and/or deceleration of one motor may be related to the
acceleration and/or deceleration of another motor.
Power Plants,
subclass 700 for plural motors of other types in which the speed
of one or more motors may be controlled with reference to the speed of
one or more other motors.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,
subclass 4 for plural prime movers one of which is nonelectric,
driving electric generators in which the speed of one or more prime
movers may be controlled relative to speed of one or more other
prime movers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter in which means are provided for detecting
or sensing a difference in speed between two or more of the motors
and for initiating the operation of the means for controlling the
relative speeds of the motors.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 36 for systems wherein the speed of a generator is
compared with the speed of a reference device (which might be an
electric motor) and means are provided for regulating the speed
of the generator relative to the reference device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Subject matter in which the speed difference detecting or
sensing means comprises an electrical device which, per se, generates,
converts or controls electrical energy, or is activated thereby.
(1)
Note. The detecting or sensing means itself must be an electrical
device an not merely a nonelectrical device constituting an actuator
for an electrical device. For example, an electromagnet having two
windings and an armature actuated thereby wherein one winding is
energized by current varying with the speed of one motor, the other
winding energized by current varying with the speed of another motor
and the armature, responsive to the resulting energization of the
electromagnet, constitutes an electrical type detector; namely,
an electromagnet. However, a differential gearing device, one gear
of which is moved at a rate which varies with the speed of one motor,
another gear which is moved at a rate varying with the speed of
another motor and the output element of the gearing connected to
actuate an electric switch is not an example of an electrical detector;
but is a mechanical type detector (namely, a differential gear)
functioning as an operator for an electrical device; namely, the
switch.
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter in which each of two or more of the motors
is provided with means for generating electrical voltages and/or
currents or is provided with means for controlling a separate voltage
or current, the detecting or sensing means being operated by the
difference in magnitude between the two separately generated or controlled
voltages or currents.
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter in which a dynamoelectric machine is provided
for sensing or detecting the difference in speed between two or
more motors.
(1)
Note. A common arrangement of a dynamoelectric machines as
a detector comprises connecting the armature structure thereof to
one motor and the field structure thereof to another motor with
the result that when the motors run at the same speed both parts
of the dynamoelectric machine will operate at the same speed and,
no e.m.f. will be generated in the machine. When the motors operate
at different speeds, the parts of the dynamoelectric machine will have
relative motion with respect to each other and will generate an
e.m.f. which will have a magnitude which is proportional to the
magnitude of the difference in speeds of the two parts of the dynamoelectric
machine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter in which the detector comprises an impedance
device having one or more parts driven synchronously with one or
more motors and one or more other parts of the impedance driven
synchronously with one or more other motors; or one or more parts
of an impedance is actuated synchronously with one or more motors
and one or more parts of another impedance device is actuated synchronously with
one or more other motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter in which the detector comprises one or more
electric switches one or more parts of which switches are operated
synchronously with one or more motors and one or more other parts
of the switches are operated synchronously with one or more other
motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter in which the detector comprises two or more
electric switches connected electrically in series with each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Subject matter in which the detector comprises a differential
gearing device in which an input element of the gearing is driven
by one or more motors another input element is driven by one or
more other motors so that the differential or output element of
the gearing operates in response to the relative speeds of the motors.
Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, appropriate subclasses for control of plural power sources
and for differential planetary gearing, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the speed of a motor in response to changes in speed of another
motor.
for plural motor systems having synchronizing interconnections
between the motors so that one motor may supply energy to another
motor when the speed ratio varies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the speed of said other motor by controlling the frequency of alternating
current supplied to said motor or by controlling the rate at which
electrical impulses are supplied to said other motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the armature (or primary) circuit of one or more of the motors in
combination with means for also controlling the field (or secondary)
circuit of one or more motors, simultaneously or separately.
(1)
Note. The armature and field which are controlled may be
of the same or different motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the armature or primary circuit of one or more of the motors.
for plural motor systems having synchronizing interconnections
between the motors so that the armature of one motor may be supplied
with energy from the other motor when the speed ratio varies.
for plural motor systems having means for controlling
the (group) speed of the plurality of electric motors by controlling
the armature or primary circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the field or secondary circuit of one or more of the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the armature or primary circuits of a plurality of motors to control
the (group) speed of the motors.
for this subject matter where the armature or primary
circuit control is for controlling the relative speed of one motor
with respect to another motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
the armature conductors or windings of one or more motors in series
relationship with the armature conductors or windings of one or
more other motors at one time and in parallel relationship therewith
at another time; or for connecting the armature conductors or windings
of one or more motors in series with the armature conductors or
windings of one or more other motors and simultaneously connecting
the armature conductors or windings of one or more third motors
in parallel with the armature conductors or windings of one or more
other motors.
and the subclasses specified in the search notes
thereto, for single motor systems having parallel connections of
two or more armature or primary windings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the field circuit or the secondary circuit of two or more motors
for controlling the (group) speed of the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for causing a
movable motive element of one or more electric motors to occupy
or assume a predetermined relative position or phase with respect
to a movable motive element of one or more other electric motors
either while stationary or while in motion.
for plural motor systems having electrical synchronizing
interconnections between a plurality of motors for maintaining the
motors in substantially constant speed and phase interrelationship.
for plural motor systems having speed control systems
for controlling the running speed on one or more electric motors
relative to the speed of one or more other electric motors including means
for maintaining equal speeds and/or the same angular or
phase relationships.
Telegraphy, see the classes referred to in the search notes of
subclass 53 for other classes which provide for electrical
systems for synchronization of rotary shafts.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 85+ for systems for connecting or disconnecting a plurality
of previously synchronized generators.
for plural motor systems having means for braking
one or more motors and means for performing some other operational
control to one or more other motors.
and the subclasses listed in the search notes thereto,
for plural motor systems having means for braking plural motors
combined with some other motor operation control for the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter in which braking is effected by means which
cause one or more of the motors to operate as a generator thus retarding
the motor and load devices operated thereby.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the magnitude of the current delivered by one or more of the motors
being braked relative to the magnitude of the current delivered
by one or more others of the motors being braked.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
the generating or armature circuit of one or more of the motors
to the field or exciting circuit of one or more others of the motors
during the braking period to supply the exciting or field current
to said other motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the acceleration and/or deceleration of two or more electric
motors.
(1)
Note. See the class definition, Glossary for a definition
of "Acceleration Control".
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for plural motor systems having means for acceleration
and/or deceleration control of two or more motors combined
with another motor-operation control for the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter in which means are provided for accelerating
and/or deceleration of one or more electric motors and
subsequently accelerating and/or decelerating one or more
other electric motors; or in which means are provided for accelerating
and/or decelerating two or more electric motors and with
which means one or more of the motors can be accelerated and/or decelerated
without accelerating one or more others of the motors.
for plural motor systems having means for selectively
starting and/or stopping one or more electric motors without
starting and/or stopping one or more others of the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
both the armature (or primary) circuits and the field or (secondary)
circuits of the motors.
and 82, for plural motor systems having combined
armature (or primary) and field (or secondary) circuit control for
running speed control of plural motors.
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for miscellaneous motor systems having combined armature
(or primary) and field (or secondary) circuits control.
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
the armature or primary circuits of two or more electric motors
in series circuit relationship with respect to each other at one time
and in parallel circuit relationship with respect to each other
at another time; or for connecting two or more electric motors in
parallel circuit relationship with respect to each other and simultaneously
two or more motors in series circuit relationship with respect to each
other.
(1)
Note. One of more of the motors in the parallel connected
group referred to in the latter part of the above definition may
constitute one or more of the motors in the series connected group.
For example, a single motor may be connected in series with a group
of three motors which three motors are all connected in parallel
relationship with respect to one another.
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for single motor systems having series-parallel connections
of two or more armature or primary windings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the armature or primary circuits of the motors.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of the subclass, for armature or primary circuit control of
plural motors during the running speed operation thereof.
for this subject matter where the system has armature
circuit control combined with field circuit control for acceleration
and/or deceleration control.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
the armature or primary circuits of two or more electric motors
in series circuit relationship with respect to each other at one time
and in parallel circuit relationship with respect to each other
at another time; or for connecting the armature or primary circuits
of two or more electric motors in series circuit relationship with
respect to one another and simultaneously connecting the armature
or primary circuits of two or more motors in parallel circuit relationship
with respect to one another.
(1)
Note. One or more of the motors in the parallel connected
group, referred to in the latter part of the above definition, may
constitute one or more of the motors in the series connected group.
For example, a single motor may be connected in series with a group
of three motors which three motors are all connected in parallel
relationship with respect to one another.
and the subclasses listed under the Search Notes
in the definition of that subclass, for plural motor systems having
series parallel arrangements of the motors.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of that subclass for miscellaneous motor systems having
series parallel armature connecting means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter in which means are provided for providing
impedance in the armature or primary circuits of the motors.
(1)
Note. See Impedance or Impedance Device of the class definition
for a definition of "impedance".
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the field or secondary circuits of the electric motors.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of that subclass for plural motor systems having field circuit
control for controlling the running speed of the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the magnitude of the load which is driven or actuated by the motors,
or for otherwise controlling the magnitude or amount of work done
by the motors; or for controlling the division of load or current
between the motors.
and 8, for plural motor systems having plural motors
employed to drive particular load devices, the system including
motor load control means particularly in subclass 8 where plural motors
drive an ultimate load device through a differential gearing whereby
a predetermined ratio of load may be effected on the motors.
for plural motor systems where the relative torque
on the motors may be controlled to effect a predetermined tension
in a material driven or conveyed by the motors.
for plural motor systems where the motors have electrical
synchronizing interconnections in which the interconnection may
affect the relative loads on the several motors.
for single motor systems having means for maintaining
the load upon the motor from exceeding predetermined limits or going
below a predetermined limit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the division of load current so that the ratio of division is or
can be maintained at some fixed or predetermined ratio.
(1)
Note. The means may be adjustable so that the ratio can be
varied from one fixed or predetermined value to another.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 32 for systems for proportioning the electrical energy
supply to a plurality of load circuits and subclass 53 for systems
of load division among a plurality of generators or sources.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the field or secondary circuits of the electric motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for starting
and/or stopping one or more of a group of two or more electric
motors.
(1)
Note. This subclass is a residual subclass for patents relating
primarily to starting and/or stopping of electric motors.
Starting and/or stopping of electric motors is an incident
of, or is combined with many other motor operations controls. For
example, when accelerating a motor from rest to its normal running
speed the motor is started as a necessary incident; likewise in
decelerating, or braking to a condition of inaction, a motor is
stopped. Also in reversing, a motor is usually stopped and started
in the reverse direction.
for follow-up systems of electric motor control
wherein the motor is started as a result of the movement of the
transmitter and stopped as a result of the stoppage of the transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter in which means are provided for starting
or stopping two or more electric motors one after another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter in which means are provided for starting
or stopping one or more electric motors without starting and/or
stopping one or more other electric motors.
for plural motor systems having means for accelerating
and/or decelerating plural motors, the system being arranged
so that one or more motors can be accelerated and/or decelerated without
accelerating and/or decelerating another motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter in which means are provided in the armature
(or primary) circuit for starting and/or stopping the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which two or more sources of electrical
supply are provided to supply energy to the armature or primary
circuits of the motors, one or more of which sources of supply
are different in kind, type, degree or magnitude or are differently
controlled, with respect to one or more others of the sources.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of that subclass for other systems which comprise plural
sources of supply for the armature circuits of motors.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 18+ for systems including a plurality of sources of
supply for a plurality of loads, and subclasses 43+ for
systems having a plurality of supply circuits or sources.
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter in which one or more of the sources are substantially
different in respect to (1) structure of the sources or (2) the
nature or magnitude of an electrical characteristic of the sources,
than one or more others of the sources.
(1)
Note. For example, an internal combustion engine driven dynamo
and an electric converter, or a secondary battery and a thermocouple
are examples of diverse or unlike sources by virtue of their different
structures; while two sources may differ from one another in their
nature in that one may be AC and the other DC, or in the magnitude
of electrical characteristics such as having different voltages or
different frequencies, or different capacities.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter in which the sources comprise one or more
AC sources and one or more DC sources.
(1)
Note. A "pulsating" source is a DC source
for purposes of this class. Where, however, a DC source and an AC
source are connected to a circuit to produce a pulsating current
or voltage in the circuit, classification will be on the basis of plural
Sources.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 72+ for systems having a plurality of supply circuits
or sources having unlike electrical characteristics.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter in which one or more of the sources of supply,
supply electric energy at one voltage magnitude and one or more
others of the sources supply energy at another magnitude of voltage.
(1)
Note. Two voltages are of different magnitudes if, at any
time during normal operation, one of them has a magnitude substantially
different in effective value than the other. Hence, if the magnitude of
one of the sources is varied relative to the magnitude of the other
so as not to be the same, the two sources are considered to be of
different voltages.
for plural motor systems having similar types of
sources (e.g., all ac sources or all DC. sources) for the motors
in which one or more of the sources differ in voltage magnitude from
one or more others of the sources.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter in which one or more of the sources differs
in magnitude from one or more others of the sources.
(1)
Note. Two voltages differ in magnitude when at any time one
of them has a magnitude which differs in effective value from the
magnitude of the other. Hence, if the magnitude of the voltage of
one of the sources is varied relative to the magnitude of the voltage
of another source, in order to make them different the two sources
are considered to be of different magnitudes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter in which one or more of the sources have
a different frequency than one or more others of the sources.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for motor systems having plural sources of supply for a single motor
which sources may differ in frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
the armature or primary windings of one or more electric motors
in series circuit relationship with the armature or primary windings
of one or more other electric motors at one time and in parallel
circuit relationship at another time; or for connecting the armature or
primary windings of one or more electric motors in series circuit
relationship with the armature or primary windings of one or more other
electric motors, and simultaneously connecting the armature or primary
circuit of one or more electric motors in parallel circuit relationship
with the armature of primary circuit of one or more other electric
motors.
(1)
Note. In the simultaneous series parallel relationship set
forth in the latter half of the above definition, one or more of
the motors connected in the series circuit relationship may constitute
one or more of the motors which are connected in the parallel relationship.
and the subclasses specific in the Notes thereto,
for motor systems having series parallel connections of plural armature
or primary windings of a single electric motor.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 37 for plural load circuit systems in which the load
circuits may be connected either in a series or parallel relationship,
and subclass 71 for systems of plural electrical sources in which
the sources may be connected either in a series or parallel relationship.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 192 and the Search Notes thereto for series parallel
connected lamps and space discharge devices.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or
Discharging, appropriate subclasses for series or parallel connection
of batteries in a system for charging or discharging a battery, especially
subclasses 116+ .
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
the armature or primary circuits of one or more electric motors
in parallel circuit relationship with the armature or primary circuits
of one or more other electric motors.
for this subject matter where the armature circuits
are connected in series at one time and in parallel at another,
or where there are parallel connected armature circuits of plural motors
and series connected armature circuits of plural motors.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 11+ for systems in which a plurality of loads or load
circuits may be connected in parallel, and subclasses 43+ for
systems in which a plurality of sources or supply circuits may be
connected in parallel.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or
Discharging, appropriate subclasses for series or parallel connection
of batteries in a system for charging or discharging a battery, especially
subclasses 116+ .
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
the armature or primary circuits of one or more electric motors
in series circuit relationship with the armature or primary circuits
of one or more other electric motors.
for motor systems having plural motors electrically
connected in cascade or in tandem (that is, where the electrical
output of one constitutes the electrical input to another).
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 185+ and the Search Notes thereto, for plural series-connected-electric
lamp and space discharge devices.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or
Discharging, appropriate subclasses for series or parallel connection
of batteries in a system for charging or discharging a battery, especially
subclasses 116+ .
IMPACT, MECHANICAL SHOCK, OR VIBRATION-PRODUCING MOTORS
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which (1) means are provided for actuating
one or more parts of an electric motor relative to and into impact
or percussive contact with one or more other parts which are either
parts of the motor structure or are structurally combined with the
motor (i.e., not merely other parts which constitute a device or
work piece to be operated on by the motor and to which the motor
may be attached or relatively positioned temporarily); or (2) the motor
is a shock or vibration producing type of motor the prime or essential
function of which motor is to transmit mechanical shock or vibrations
to a mechanism or device upon which the motor may be supported or
to which the motor may be clamped or otherwise secured.
(1)
Note. A motor system having electric motor which is limited
to having any useful output member other than that for producing
impact shock or vibration as defined in parts (1) and (2) above,
is not classified herein, but is classified in one of the other
appropriate subclasses and cross-referenced to this subclass for
the impact, shock or vibration producing feature.
(2)
Note. The shock or vibration producing motor may be a rotary
electric motor in which the rotary element is decidedly unbalanced
dynamically so that upon rotation it will produce pronounced reactive
forces to cause the motor frame to transmit forces to the support
or body with which it may be in contact and, hence, cause shock
or vibration in said support or body. For example, mere reciprocating
or oscillating motors which may or may not produce impact by the
movable motor element, depending on the proximity of the motor having the
movable element to the work or device to be operated upon or to
be actuated by the motor are not included herein but will be found
in subclass 119.
MOTOR WITH DIVERSE MOTIONS (E.G., ROTARY AND RECIPROCATING)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for giving the
working or output member of the motor two or more types of motion either
simultaneously or not.
(1)
Note. For example only, an electric motor which is adapted
to rotate and simultaneously reciprocate is included herein. Likewise,
a motor designed to rotate while DC is applied to its terminals
and reciprocate when pulsating or AC is applied to its terminals
is classified herein.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which the electric motor converts electric
to mechanical energy by means other than magnetic induction.
(1)
Note. Examples of nonmagnetic motors are piezoelectric crystals,
thermal-electric motors, electrostatic motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter in which the motor comprises a member which
undergoes substantial changes in shape, position and/or
dimensions when heated, and means for electrical heating, the member.
(1)
Note. When electric current is conducted through the above
mentioned member thereby causing the member to become heated, separate
heating means are not necessary.
Power Plants,
subclass 523 for a motor in which a confined unit of mass of
gas is heated electrically to produce expansion; subclass 528 for
a motor operated by the expansion of a solid mass heated by its
resistance to flow of an electrical current; and subclass 513 for
a motor operated by the expansion of fluid in an expansible chamber
containing an electric heating means.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the motor is of the magneto-striction
type.
(1)
Note. See the class definition for a definition of a magneto-strictive
motor. Commonly, the magnetizable member is (1) restrained from
moving at a point along a dimension thereof but is free to move
at other points along and in the direction of such dimension, and
is (2) combined with a solenoid or winding which surrounds the magnetizable
member and the axis of which winding is concentric or parallel with
such dimension; as a result of which the magnetizable member will
change in dimension when, the magnetic field is changed the mechanical
motion of the member being available for power output purposes.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the motor is a reciprocating or
oscillating type of electric motor.
(1)
Note. See the class definition for a definition of reciprocating
or oscillating type motor.
(2)
Note. Either of the terms "reciprocating" or "oscillating" when
used separately in the titles and definitions in this class will
be construed to include the other, unless clearly indicated otherwise.
(3)
Note. For motor systems having the conventional rotary electric
motor constructed for unlimited degree of movement in a given direction
combined with means for periodically reversing the motor (e.g.,
reversed (1) in response to a "limit of travel" in
either direction of rotation, (2) under control of some time-measuring
mechanism, (3) after a predetermined number of revolutions, (4) etc.),
see appropriate subclasses hereinafter under "Reversing,
periodic or repetitious", subclass 281. Where the "motor" has
means for actuating in one direction
only (including arrangements whereby electric means or gravity and electric
means can effect actuation in the one direction only) and consequently, the
return movement must be effected manually or by some nonmotor means; classification
is not herein. For example, a motor system having a motor having
a vertically disposed and freely movable element and electrical
means for effecting an upward motion only and wherein gravity can
effect the return or downward motion; classification is herein.
However, where the movable member of the motor is horizontally
disposed and no energy storing means, such as a spring or compressible
gas chamber, is provided to return the member after actuated by
electric means (which are effective in one direction only), classification
is not herein, but is classified as "linear motor" system
or as an electromagnet with armature.
for reciprocating or oscillating motors combined
with motion-converting mechanisms. (For example, the combination
of a reciprocating electric motor supply and/or control
system combined with means for converting the reciprocatory motion
of the motor to a rotary motion will be found in subclass 14).
for this subject matter where the motor system has
the combination of an oscillating or reciprocating motor and another
motor having a different type of motor (e.g., combination of a reciprocating
and a rotary motor).
for this subject matter where the motor is a magneto-striction
type of motor in which periodic magnetization of the core part effects
periodic dimensional changes in the core part thus resulting in
reciprocating motion of the core part.
for motor system which has the rotor element biased
against rotation by virtue of which the rotor element is returned
when the motor is deenergized or the energization is reduced. 281+,
see (3) Note above.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 15 for reciprocating electric motor structure, per
se, and subclass 36 for oscillating electric motor structure, per
se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter in which means are provided for stopping
the motor after it has made a predetermined number of reciprocations
or cycles.
(1)
Note. For example, a reciprocating motor which when started
operates to make one reciprocation, stroke or cycle and stops, is
classified herein.
(2)
Note. Where the stopping is effected by mechanical stopping
means, such as brake, stop means, classification is not in this
class but in some other appropriate class. Note Class 192, subclasses 116.5+.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for motor systems having automatic stopping of rotary motors after
a predetermined degree of movement of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter in which means are provided for producing
a magnetic field of force in the motor, which field (or the resultant
of the component elements thereof) is caused to occupy a succession
of positions in the path or direction of travel of the reciprocable
member of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter in which the motor is provided with two or
more energizing windings one or more of which are different structurally,
or energized or controlled differently than one or more others of
the windings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter in which there is either a polyphase alternating
current supply, or two or more sources of supply, one or more of
which are different or differently controlled than one or more others
of the sources, connected to supply energy to the two or more of
the motor windings.
(1)
Note. All the phases or sources of supply may be connected
to each of the several windings, or one or more of the sources or
phases may be connected to one or more of the windings and one or more
others of the sources or phases may be connected to one or more
others of the windings. The several sources or phases may be connected
simultaneously or at different times.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter in which at least one of the sources is a
unidirectional current source (including pulsating DC current) and
at least one other of the sources is an alternating (i.e., reversing
polarity) current source.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 22 for plural load circuit systems supplied either from
an AC of DC source, and subclasses 43+ for systems having
a plurality of supply circuits or sources which may be AC or DC.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter in which one or more unidirectionally conductive
devices are connected in the energizing circuit of one or more of
the windings.
(1)
Note. Systems where the unidirectionally conductive devices
are connected in series with or in shunt to the windings are included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the electric circuit which supplies the electric energy to the energizing
winding of the motor.
(1)
Note. The control of the electric circuit includes (1) control
of the immediate circuit to the windings (as, for example, opening
and closing the circuit, controlling a space-discharge device or
an impedance connected in series with the circuit and the motor
winding, or introducing an aiding or opposing source of e.m.f. in
the circuit in addition to the main or prime source of e.m.f.) and
also (2) control of the source of energy which supplies the energizing
current to the motor (as, for example, controlling the energy input
to the source, as by controlling a prime mover which drives a generator,
or by controlling the electrical input to an electrical converter).
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems wherein the armature or primary
circuit thereto is provided with control means.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems where in the field or secondary
circuit thereto is provided with control means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter wherein automatic means are provided so that
the energizing winding is controlled in response to the position,
movement, limit of travel, amplitude or rate of change of movement
of the motor or the device actuated thereby; or in response to the
noise, sound or mechanical vibrations produced by the motor parts
or by the motor actuated device; magnitude of energizing current
or occurrences of pulses in the energizing circuit.
(1)
Note. This is a limited automatic subclass and does not include
sensing means responsive to any but the above specified conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter in which the sensing means responds to noise,
sound, or mechanical vibrations of or emanating from the motor being controlled
or the device actuated by the motor, or responds to the amplitude
or magnitude or the rate of movement of, or the limit-of-travel or
other position of the motor being controlled or the device actuated
by the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
,
For other motor systems having automatic control
in response to the particular conditions enumerated in the definition
above, search the following subclasses and the pertinent subclasses
listed in the Search Notes thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter in which means are provided for producing
a succession of electrical pulses in the energizing circuit of the
winding, the periodicity of the pulses being such that the motor to
which the pulses are supplied is maintained in substantially continuous
motion by the succession of pulses.
(1)
Note. A mere means for producing electric pulses (i.e., there
being no details of structure of the means or any details of relationship
between the means and the motor to which the pulses are supplied--other
than the mere connection thereto) is insufficient basis for classification herein.
For example, recitation by name only of the means for producing
periodic pulses such as "an a-c source", a "source of
pulsations", an "oscillator", etc., does not
constitute a means for producing periodic pulses which is classifiable herein.
(2)
Note. Where the means for producing the pulses may or may
not produce the succession of pulses, classification is not herein.
For example, a manually operated circuit interrupter in the supply
circuit to the motor may be operated to produce a single pulse or
a succession of pulses depending on the will of the operator and
is not classifiable herein. Likewise, a circuit interrupter which
closes the circuit in response to a condition (such as temperature
or pressure) which condition may sometimes vary to cause the circuit
to be periodically interrupted, is not classified herein. However,
in the latter case, if the condition response means causes electrical
pulses from a source of pulsating current to be supplied to the
winding, such a system would be classified herein.
for this subject matter where the system includes
means responsive to predetermined conditions in or of the motor
for controlling the motor, including controlling the application or
the periodicity of pulses to the motor.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 96+ for circuit interrupting systems for regulating
the average value of current flowing through an electrical circuit, and
subclass 132 for intermittent circuit interruption systems, such
as "flashing systems", of general application.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter in which the means for producing the periodic
pulses comprise either an electrical self-oscillating circuit or
a condenser changing and/or discharging circuit.
(1)
Note. Where the condenser changing and/or discharging
is merely an adjunct to the system of supply such as a filter means,
for example; and does not operate to have a substantial effect in
determining the rate which the pulses are supplied to the motor,
classification is not herein.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 108 for systems wherein a condenser is charged and
discharged to produce a series of pulses.
Oscillators, appropriate subclasses, for self-sustained electric wave
generators, per se, particularly
subclasses 111+ , 129+ and 143+ for relaxation oscillators
utilizing an RC time constant network to determine the period of
oscillation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter in which the means for producing the periodic
pulses includes a device of means which is actuated or controlled
by a motor, or escapement device to control the periodicity of the
pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter in which the means for controlling the energizing
circuit of the motor includes a space-discharge device or an unidirectionally-conductive
device connected in series with or in shunt to the energizing winding
of the motor.
and the subclasses specified in the search notes
thereto, for other motor control systems having space-discharge
devices in the armature or primary circuit of the motor.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 518+ for miscellaneous electron discharge device control
circuits.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 111 and 125+ for rectifying systems including
space discharge devices and other unidirectionally conductive devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter in which the control means comprises one
or more impedance devices in series and/or in shunt to
the motor windings.
and subclasses specified in the search notes appended
thereto, for other motor control systems wherein impedance devices
are employed in the energizing circuit of an electric motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter in which the control means comprise circuit
making and/or breaking devices in series with the energizing
circuit of the motor.
and the subclasses specified in the search notes
appended thereto, for other motor control systems having circuit
making and/or breaking means in the armature or primary
circuit of the motor.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 1+ for safety systems using circuit breakers, and
subclass 139+ for relay and electromagnetic switch circuits.
AUXILIARY MEANS FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL STARTING OR ACCELERATING TORQUE
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means, other than the motor being
controlled and its electrical circuits, are provided for producing
a mechanical turning effort to the rotor element of the motor during
the starting and/or the accelerating period of operation
of the motor, and which means is deenergized, disconnected, or otherwise
incapacitated to assist in actuating the motor under running-speed
conditions.
(1)
Note. This subclass is designed to include those devices
which are employed to start an electric motor which is inherently
not-self-starting and also to include those which assist the motor
in attaining running speed conditions in order to reduce the heavy demand
of electric current required to bring a motor up to running speed
when operating without starting assistance. The device must be distinct
from the motor and produce a turning effort independently of the
magnetic turning effort produced by the motor itself. The device can
be structurally united with motor.
for electric motor systems having plural motor mechanically
connected or coupled in a fixed predetermined ratio of movement
during normal running periods.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,
subclasses 10+ , 18+, 22+, 27, 28, 30, 31+,
36+, 38, 46, 47, and 48 for dynamo-electric machines used
as starting motors for prime-mover dynamo plants.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the armature or primary circuit
of an electric motor is supplied by electric energy from one or
more primary or secondary electric batteries which constitute the
only source of supply for the motor.
GENERATOR-FED MOTOR SYSTEMS HAVING GENERATOR CONTROL
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which an electric generator is provided
for supplying electric energy to the armature or primary circuit
of an electric motor and in which means are also provided for controlling
the generator to thereby control the operation of the electric motor.
(1)
Note. An "electric generator" includes any
means for converting nonelectrical energy into electrical energy.
Thus it includes photo-electric and thermoelectric generators,
primary or secondary batteries, etc.
(2)
Note. Where more than one generator is provided to supply
the energy, means must be provided for controlling each generator.
See subclasses 440+ where no means are provided for controlling one
of the generators.
(3)
Note. Where the only generator control means comprises means
connected in the circuit between the generator terminals and the
motor terminals, classification is not in this or its indented subclasses
but in some other appropriate subclass in the class.
(4)
Note. Mere inherent regulation of the generator (i.e., regulation
of the output of the generator resulting merely from structural
features of the generator) is not sufficient basis for classification herein
except in those instances where the regulation functions to substantially vary
the operation of the motor. Thus a flat-compounded generator operates
to produce a substantially constant output voltage with varying
load and, hence, performs or produces no regulating function on
the motor other than would any constant voltage source. Likewise,
the proportion of parts and airgaps, degree of excitation, resistance
of the several conductive elements of the generator, etc., are instrumental
in determining the operating characteristics of the generator and
generally tend toward generator operating characteristics which
have no particular effect on the operation of the motor supplied
thereby other than to supply a source of energy, the voltage variation
of which is not substantially disadvantageous. However, a series-generator,
or a decidedly over-compounded or a decidedly under-compounded generator,
or one with a differentially wound series field exciting winding
may have operating characteristics which very materially varies
the operation of the motor with changes in motor load. This type
of regulation is considered sufficient basis for classification
herein. Any control or regulating means for maintaining constant
current or power output from the generator with a varying motor load,
by generator control, is sufficient basis for classification herein.
(5)
Note. Means for "controlling the generator" include
means for varying the speed of the generator by controlling the driving
means therefor, or for adjusting the structure of the generator.
(6)
Note. Means for controlling excitation of AC generator (supplying
energy to primary circuit of synchronous motor) in response to motor
primary circuit current to control pullout torque or to "stiffen the
coupling between the generator and motor" is included herein.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems, for generator control of general application. The
appropriate subclass or subclasses would depend on the particular
generator control involved.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter in which means are provided for automatically
controlling the generator in response to a predetermined condition,
or in which time-delay means are provided for retarding or delaying
the operation of the generator control means, whether initiated
manually or otherwise.
(1)
Note. The condition need not be one that exists in, about
or pertaining to the motor or generator of the system.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other automatic control systems for electric motors, and for
other motor control systems which include a time-delay means for the
control.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,
subclasses 1 through 44for prime-mover generator plants in which the generator
may be automatically controlled in response to some predetermined
condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter in which means are provided for automatically
controlling the generator in response to two or more diverse conditions,
or for automatically controlling the generator in response to one
condition and with means for introducing a time-delay in the operation
of the generator control.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are systems in which the
only time delay means operates to delay the operation of the means
responsive to the condition.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 18 for automatic generator control with time delay;
subclasses 22+ for automatic generator control in response
to plural conditions.
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for other motor control systems having the motor controlled
in response to plural electrical conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the generator in response to the magnitude or rate of change of
magnitude of the current in the armature or primary circuit of the
motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems which are responsive to the rate
of change of an electrical condition.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems which are responsive to the current
in the armature or primary circuit of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the generator in response to the magnitude or the rate of change
of magnitude of the terminal voltage or the counter electromotive
force of the motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems which are responsive to the rate-of-change
of an electrical condition.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems which are responsive to the terminal
or counter electromotive force of the motor.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 19 for generator control systems responsive to rate-of-change
of an electrical condition; subclass 29 for automatic generator
control in response to generator voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the generator in response to the speed of the motor or a device
driven thereby.
for this subject matter where the generator control
is responsive to the terminal voltage or c.e.m.f. of the motor, which
may vary with the speed of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the generator in response to the speed of the generator or the frequency
of the voltage or current generated thereby, or in response to the
speed of the generator driving means.
for motor control systems which are responsive to
the terminal voltage or the c.e.m.f. of the motor which may correspond
with the armature circuit voltage of the generator and hence to the
speed of the generator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter in which the motor is an alternating current
motor (i.e., a motor which operates when the armature or primary
circuit is supplied with alternating current) and in which the generator
supplies an alternating current to the armature or primary circuit
of the motor.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems, appropriate subclasses for alternating current generator
control systems. In Class 322 classification is not determined
by whether the generator output is AC or DC and the appropriate
subclass would depend on the particular control or response of the
generator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter in which there are two or more generators
which supply the armature or primary circuits of the electric motor,
in which one or more of the generators are structurally different
or are controlled differently (e.g., with respect to time, degree
or magnitude, etc.) than one or more others of the generators, and in
which means are provided for controlling a plurality of generators.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto;
for motor systems having plural sources of supply for the armature
or primary circuit of electric motors.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 72+ for plural generators or sources, having unlike
electrical characteristics, which supply a common load circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter in which a flywheel or other massive body
is mounted for rotation with the rotor of either the generator or
the motor.
(1)
Note. Where the rotor, per se, of the generator or of the
motor is specifically limited to being massive, classification is herein.
Also where the flywheel or other massive body is mounted other
than directly on the shaft of the rotor of the generator or motor
but is mechanically connected in driving relation to the rotor, classification
is herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the electric circuit which extends from the generator armature to
the motor armature and additional means are provided for controlling
the generator.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, appropriate subclasses for control of electrical
transmission lines either with or without control of the supply
or load connected thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter in which means are also provided for controlling
the motor, which means is in addition to the control of the supply
circuit extending to the primary circuit of the motor and the control
of the generator.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems having combined armature or primary
circuit and field or secondary circuit controls.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the generator and additional means are provided for controlling
the motor.
for this subject matter where the system includes
means for the combined control of the generator, the transmission
circuit to the motor, and of the motor.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, for combined control of nonelectric prime-mover
and the generator driven thereby, which generators may supply electric
motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter in which the control means effect control
of the field or secondary circuit of both the generator and of the
motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter in which two or more distinct means are provided
for controlling the generator, one or more of which control means
are different structurally or are controlled differently (e.g.,
at different times, different degree or magnitude of control, etc.)
than one or more others of the control means.
(1)
Note. Means for controlling the generator driving means so
as to vary the generator speed is considered a "generator control
means."
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the speed of the generator by controlling the driving means therefor.
for this subject matter where the system includes
means for controlling the speed of the generator combined with other
control means for the generator.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclasses 14+ for combined control of generator and driving means;
subclasses 29+ for automatic control of generator or driving
means control in response to speed or frequency of the generator;
subclasses 38+ for generator driving means control; subclasses
40+ for power transmitting mechanism control.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the field circuit of the generator.
(1)
Note. Providing the generator with plural, diverse or diversely
arranged, field windings, or providing means for varying the active
length (such as by tapping) of the field winding are included in
field circuit control, when such are such as to substantially modify
the operation of the electric motor.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the motor comprises a rotatable
power output element (rotor) combined with means for exerting a
torque in opposition to and simultaneously with the motor torque.
(1)
Note. Examples of means for producing the opposing torque
which are included in this subclass: elastic or spring devices interconnecting
the rotor and stationary part of the motor; a pulley or drum mounted
on the rotor with a weighted flexible member attached thereto and adapted
to rotate the rotor.
for reciprocating motor systems in which the reciprocating
element may be biassed by gravity or by force-producing means in
one direction of actuating and electrically in the other direction
of actuation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter in which the biassing means comprises a spring
or other means which when flexed or distorted inherently tends to
reassure its previous shape or dimension.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which a flywheel or other massive rotatable
mounted body is mounted in driving relationship with the motor rotor
or other working member in such manner that energy transfer can
take place from the motor to the flywheel or other massive rotary member
and vice versa.
(1)
Note. Systems in which the rotary or other working element,
per se, of the motor is limited to being massive are included herein.
for motor systems in which the movable working element
of one motor is mechanically interconnected with the movable working
element of another motor which may have a flywheel effect.
Internal-Combustion Engines,
subclasses 179.1+ for inertia starters for internal combustion engines
in which an electric motor may store energy in a rapidly revolving
flywheel which is then connected to the engine to start it.
Clutches and Power-Stop Control,
subclasses .02 through .098and 116.5 for flywheels in combination with clutching
means for connecting and disconnecting the flywheel through the
clutch to the load or driven device, particularly to permit or to
cause immediate stoppage of the load or driven device in cases of
necessity.
CONTROL BY PATTERNS OR OTHER PREDETERMINED SCHEDULE MEANS
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the operation of an electric motor in accordance with a predetermined schedule,
said means comprising patterns, templates, perforated sheets, or
other shaped or treated control devices having a configuration or
design varying in accordance with a predetermined schedule of control
to which it is desired to subject the motor. The systems included
herein are "open-loop" controls and thus are not
servomechanisms.
(1)
Note. The operations of the motor may comprise plural, diverse
motor operations or variations in a single operation such as operating
the motor at a plurality of running speeds.
(2)
Note. For example merely, speed control means which are actuated
by a perforated sheet running at constant speed in which a sensing
or detecting means contacting the sheet senses the presence of the
perforations and initiates the operation of speed control means
to cause the motor to operate at one speed when sensing device contacts
unperformed portion of the sheet and at other speeds when contacting
the perforated portions of the sheet, would be included herein.
(3)
Note. For plural cams on a common shaft, each effecting a
single change in electric motor control, classification is elsewhere
in this class.
(4)
Note. Where the system is a closed loop position servomechanism,
the classification is not herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter in which means are provided for automatically
varying the running speed of a motor in accordance with a predetermined schedule
means.
(1)
Note. For example merely, speed control means which are actuated
by a constant speed perforated sheet or by a constant speed cam
and follower arrangement so as to cause the motor to run at different
speeds as different portions of the perforated sheet or cam surface
past a control position, are included in this group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter in which means are provided for repeating
a predetermined speed schedule as a result of which the same speed-control
cycle is traversed two or more times.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the motor is an alternating-current
commutation motor.
(1)
Note. See Alternating-Current Commutating Motor, of the class
definition for a definition of alternating current commutator motor.
Such motors are commonly referred to as a "series a-c motors",
a "universal motor", and an "a-c commutator
motor".
for plural motor systems having alternating-current
commutating motors with electrical synchronizing interconnections
between the windings of the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter in which the motor is designed and constructed
to run when connected directly and solely to either a direct-current
or an alternating-current source.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of those subclasses for series motor systems having series
motor provided with commutators.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the motor is provided with means
for causing it to operate only as a series motor for at least an
appreciable portion of its operation as a motor.
(1)
Note. See Series Motor, of the class definition for a definition
of a series motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter in which means are provided for operating
the motor as a series motor, and also operating the motor as a nonseries
motor.
(1)
Note. As an example, an elevator motor may be provided with
means for causing it to operate as a series motor during the lift
period, and as a shunt motor during the return period.
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter in which two or more immediate sources of
e.m.f. are provided to supply electric energy to the conducting
elements of a series motor.
(1)
Note. Two sources of e. m. f. connected in series opposition
in the circuit of a motor winding are included herein. Two circuits
from a single voltage divider or from spaced sets of brushes on
a single generator commutator, are examples of sources of electro-motive-force
included herein.
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for motor systems having plural sources of supply for the
field or secondary circuit of the electric motor.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 43+ for systems having plural sources of supply of
electrical energy for a single load circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter in which impedance means are provided for
controlling the series motor circuits.
(1)
Note. Space-discharge devices (including grid controlled
vacuum tubes and gas-filled or vapor-filled tubes) are considered
impedance devices when used to regulate the magnitude of current
flow in a circuit having a source of electric voltage connected
therein.
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for other motor systems controlled by means of impedance
devices in the armature and field circuits of the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Subject matter in which the impedance means is connected
in series with all, or a part, of the series field winding and simultaneously
connected in parallel with part, or all of the armature winding
of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter in which the motor is provided with two or
more field windings, one or more of which are structurally different,
or connected in the motor circuit differently, or controlled differently
(e.g., with respect to time, degree or magnitude of control, etc.)
from one or more others of the windings.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the motor is a noncommutating electric
motor and comprises a magnetic-field producing means combined with
one or more electric conductors mounted to move relative to and
in proximity to the field-producing means, said field-producing means
being so constructed and/or energized that the magnetic
field produced thereby is, at any instant of time, of the same polarity
or direction throughout its extent with reference to the path of
travel of the movable electric conductor or conductors.
(1)
Note. The motors in this subclass are known as "homopolar
motors".
(2)
Note. This subclass includes alternating current and direct
current motors.
(3)
Note. In the case of direct current field energization, the
direction of the generated c.e.m.f. in the armature conductors is
always unidirectional when the conductors move in a continuous direction.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the rotor element tends to assume
a predetermined angular position when the motor is continuously
energized and is provided with a commutator or circuit making and
breaking device which is actuated by the motor to determine the
instants of time at which the field producing windings thereof are
energized and de-energized relative to the angular position of the
rotary element.
(1)
Note. In a switched reluctance motor, there are no permanent
magnets and no windings on the rotor and the rotor assumes a position
to minimize reluctance. Therefore, these motors are capable of high
speeds, but produce little torque.
(2)
Note. Typically, three-phase switched reluctance motors are
in a 6/4 form, that is six stator and four rotor poles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 254.1. Subject matter wherein the circuit making or breaking means
includes a bridge circuit wherein each side of the bridge contains
both a transistor (or switch) and a diode and the motor is connected
between the transistor and the diode.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for effecting
or causing two or more diverse operations of an electric motor.
(1)
Note. See Definition of Motor Operation Control, of the class
definition for the various motor operations which are included in
or excluded from the list of operations comprehended by this subclass.
Electricity: Motor Control Systems,
subclasses 800+ and 825+ for single motor running-speed
control systems with, and without, feedback respectively; and subclasses
842+ and 848+ for single motor acceleration control systems
with, and without, feedback respectively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter in which means are included for causing an
electric motor to reverse its direction of operation.
(1)
Note. For a definition of "motor-reversing",
see Reversing Control, of the class definition.
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for miscellaneous motor systems having means for effecting
motor braking control and another motor operation control.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for miscellaneous motor systems having means for effecting acceleration
control and another control operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter in which means are also provided for effecting
braking control of the electric motor.
(1)
Note. For a definition of "braking", see Motor
Load Control, of the class definition.
(2)
Note. Where braking is effected by phase reversal (i.e.,
by "plugging") while the motor is running and
the application of power is terminated when motor substantially
comes to a stop, braking only is effected. If power is left on
and motor runs in reverse direction, classification is under combined
reversing and braking controls in this subclass.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of that subclass for plural motor systems having braking
and reversing control for the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter in which means are also provided for automatically
starting and/or stopping the motor in response to predetermined conditions.
(1)
Note. See Automatic Starting and Stopping, of the class definition
for limitations on starting and/or stopping controls included
herein.
for follow-up motor systems in which reversible
motors are started in one direction or the other either manually or
automatically and stops automatically after the motor runs an amount proportional
to (1) the change in position of a transmitter or (2) the change in
some condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter in which means are provided for effecting
stopping of the motor after it or the load device driven thereby
has moved a predetermined amount or has reached or attained a predetermined
position.
for follow-up control systems for electric motors
in which the motors are generally reversible and automatically stop
when they reach a position (angular or linear) which corresponds to
the degree of change of a transmitter.
for plural motor systems having reversing with automatic
starting and/or stopping including stopping upon predetermined
movement or position of a motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Subject matter in which means are provided for stopping
the electric motor when it, or a load device driven thereby, substantially
reaches its limit of travel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter in which the control means for reversing
and starting and/or stopping comprise two circuits the
energization of one of which controls the starting in one direction
and the energization of the other of which effects starting in the
opposite direction and in which the arrangements are such that,
with one of the circuits energized for operation in one direction,
when the motor is automatically stopped at its limit of travel,
it cannot be started until the other circuit is energized.
(1)
Note. In the systems in this subclass, each time the motor
is stopped at the limit of travel it can only be restarted in the
reverse direction by another circuit, i.e., it cannot be restarted
in the same direction of operation.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for plural motor systems having running-speed control means and
another diverse motor control means.
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for plural motor systems having means for motor braking
control and means for effecting another motor operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter in which means are provided for also automatically
starting and/or stopping the electric motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for plural motor systems having means for effecting acceleration
control and another motor control operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter in which means are also provided for automatically
effecting the starting and/or stopping of the motor in
response to one or more predetermined conditions.
(1)
Note. For limitations on the starting and/or stopping
controls included in this subclass, see the Class Definition, Glossary, "Automatic
Starting and Stopping."
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for plural motor systems having acceleration control means and means
for effecting another control operation, such as automatic starting
and/or stopping.
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter in which means are provided for starting
and/or stopping the electric motor in response to one or
more conditions of which at least one is an electrical condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter in which the automatic control means comprises
means responsive to an electrical condition for stopping the motor
which means, however, has been rendered inoperative or is otherwise
less responsive to the electrical condition during the acceleration
period of the motor.
(1)
Note. Characteristic of the subject matter of this subclass
are those acceleration systems in which overload or excessive-current
cut-outs are provided for automatically stopping the motor by opening the
armature or primary circuit thereof when the armature or primary
current exceeds a predetermined value during the full-speed operation
of the motor but wherein means are provided for preventing or reducing
the tendency of such cut-out to operate during the acceleration period
of such motor.
for miscellaneous automatic electric motor control
systems in which the condition sensing means is rendered inoperative
or less responsive during particular limited periods of operation of
the motor.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for causing an
electric motor to operate in one direction at one time and in the
opposite direction at another time, or for causing an electric motor
to operate in a direction opposite to that in which it has previously
been operating.
(1)
Note. In reversing motor systems, means must be provided
for establishing an electrically produced torque in both directions
of operation.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for biassed motor systems, in which the biassing means will cause
the motor to move to a prior position when the energization of the
motor is reduced.
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Subject matter in which means are provided for repeatedly
reversing the direction of operation of the motor in accordance
with the schedule of operation of a continuously operating controller.
(1)
Note. Means which operate to cause a motor to operate in
one direction or another depending on a change in a condition, and
in which the change may or may not occur, are not included herein.
However, reversing means actuated repeatedly by a continuously
running motor or a timing mechanism are included. The periodicity
of reversal need not be regular, i.e., not as uniformly spaced periods
of time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter in which means are provided for reversing
the motor in response to a predetermined number of revolutions of
or other movement or position of the electric motor or of the load
device actuated thereby.
for means for effecting a periodic reversals of
electric motors automatically in response to the movement or position
of the motor or the device driven thereby.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems having the motor automatically controlled
in response to the speed or rate of movement of the motor or device
driven thereby.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems having the motor automatically controlled
in response to the movement, position or limit of travel of the
motor or other body or device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Subject matter wherein means responsive to a predetermined
condition are provided for controlling the motor reversing means
or where time delay means are provided for controlling the motor
reversing means after operation thereof has been initiated.
(1)
Note. Where time delay means are provided, the control operation
may be initiated manually.
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for other automatic control systems for electric motors
having the motor automatically controlled in response to predetermined
conditions and/or having time delay means for the motor
control means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter in which means are provided for delaying
the application of electric energy to the motor in the reverse direction
for reversing the motor until the motor has substantially stopped
or has substantially come to rest from a previous operation in the
opposite direction.
for motor systems with means for initiating the
reversal of an electric motor at a particular instant of time or after
the lapse or a predetermined interval of time, or to effect reversal thereof
a predetermined time after the initiation of the reversing control
of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter in which means are provided for initiating
the reversal of a motor at a particular instant of time (e.g., 8:30
A.M., 5:00 P.M.) or after the lapse or passage of a predetermined interval
of time (e.g., 4 seconds, 4 hours) or for delaying or retarding
the application of reverse power to a motor for a predetermined
interval of time after the reversing control operation has been
initiated.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor systems having time-delay means for controlling
the motor control means after operation of the control means has been
initiated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter in which means are provided for reversing
the motor in response to a predetermined number of revolutions or
other movement of, or to a predetermined position of, the motor
or a load device actuated thereby.
for reciprocating or oscillating motor systems in
which reversal of the motor is automatically effected as the motor
approaches the end or limit of its movement in each direction of movement.
for this subject matter where there is periodic
or repetitious reversal of the motor controlled in response to movement
or position of the motor or the device driven thereby.
and 466, and the subclasses specified in the Notes
thereto, for other motor systems having automatic control of the
motor in response to the movement or the position of the motor or
a device driven thereby. See subclass 887 where the control is
in response to the speed or rate-of-movement of the motor or driven
device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Subject matter in which means are provided for effecting
reversal of the motor by means in the armature or primary circuit
of the motor.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes armature or primary circuit
control combined with the field circuit control and/or
with motor structure control means for reversing the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter in which the reversal is effected by means
of two or more armature or primary winding, one or more of which
are structurally different or controlled differently from one or more
others of the windings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Subject matter in which the motor is an alternating current
motor having two or more phase windings and in which means are provided
for reversing the time phase sequence of the currents supplied to
two or more of the phase windings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Subject matter in which means are provided for selectively
energizing one or more of the armature windings without energizing
one or more others thereof to effect reversal of operation of the
motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for miscellaneous motor systems where the motor has a plurality
of diversely controlled armature windings.
for motor systems having means for reversing the
motor by shading coils wherein one coil may be selectively operated
(closed) for one direction or operation and another operated for
a reverse direction of operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter in which means are provided for reversing
the direction of current flow in the armature or primary circuit
conductors of the motor.
for motor systems having means for braking the motor
by "plugging" or by reversing the power applied
to the motor which includes reversing the armature current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter in which means are provided for shifting
the commutator brushes to which the armature circuit is connected,
or in which means are provided for selectively using one set of
brushes at one time and using another set at another time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter in which means are provided for reversing
polarity of the current supplied to the armature or primary circuit
of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter in which a plurality of electrical devices
are provided and connected in a Whetstone bridge arrangement, the
output circuit of which arrangement is connected to the armature
circuit of the motor.
(1)
Note. For definition of Wheatstone-bridge arrangement" see
(1) Note to the definition of subclass 29.
for follow-up motor systems having a Wheatstone
bridge arrangement for causing the motor to run in one direction
or the other by controlling the polarity of the motor current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter in which means for providing current of reversible
polarity comprise an impedance device having one or more conductors
positionable in energy transfer relationship to the impedance and
movable therealong.
(1)
Note. Typical of polarity-reversing potentiometers is a resistor
having DC input leads connected to the ends of the resistor and
two output conductors connected to the motor armature each output conductor
slidably engaging the resistor intermediate the ends thereof, so
that by sliding one of the output conductors past the other, the
polarity of the DC current supplied to the armature circuit is reversed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Subject matter in which means are provided for effecting
reversal of the motor by means in the field circuit of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter in which the motor is provided with two or
more field-producing windings one or more of which is structurally
different, differently connected, or controlled differently than
one or more others of the windings.
particularly 524 to 527 and the subclasses specified
in the Notes thereto, for miscellaneous control systems for motors
having two or more field windings which are simultaneously energized.
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter in which means are provided for establishing
an electrical path of negligible impedance across the terminals
of one of the field producing windings so that said winding becomes
substantially de-energized when the electrical path is closed.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems wherein one or more windings of
a plural field windings motor are short circuited.
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter in which means are provided for reversing
the flow of current in the motor field producing winding.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for braking the
motor.
(1)
Note. For definition of motor braking control, see Class
Definition, Glossary, "Motor Load Control".
(2)
Note. Whenever the motor is braked by "plugging" (i.e.,
by power reversal while motor is running) and energization is continued
so that motor operates in the reverse direction, classification
is in combination reversing and braking. See subclass 261.
Brakes, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous braking
devices in general. See the class definition of Class 318 for the
line between Class 188 and 318.
Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake System, for miscellaneous fluid pressure brake systems.
See the reference to Class 303 in the Notes to the class definition
of Class 318 for the line between Class 303 and Class 318.
Electricity: Motor Control Systems, art collection 932 for other single motor running-speed
control systems wherein means are provided for braking the motor
while still electrically energized for operation in the same direction
in which the motor operated prior to the braking.
Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including
Engine Control, for interrelated control between a motor and a transmission,
clutch, or brake. See the notes in Motor Systems and Power, Motion,
for the line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the back voltage or counter-electro-motive-force of the motor while
the motor is in motion and its armature or primary circuit is disconnected
from its power source so that if or when the motor is reconnected
to its source of power, a surge of current flow from the motor to
the source will not take place, thus avoiding excessive or undesirable
braking action at the time of reconnection to the source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter in which means are provided for sensing the
existence of a predetermined condition which sensing means in turn
initiates the operation of means for controlling the braking of
the motor, or where time delay means are provided for controlling
the motor braking means after the operation has been initiated.
(1)
Note. Where time delay means are provided, the control operation
may be initiated manually.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for miscellaneous motor control systems which operate in response
to predetermined conditions and/or with time delay means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter in which sensing means are provided which
respond to two or more conditions which are diverse in kind (e.g.,
temperature, voltage, current, etc.), or which respond to different
characteristics (e.g., magnitude and rate-of-change of a condition)
of a single condition, or which respond to one or more conditions
in combination with means for effecting a predetermined time delay
in the functioning of the braking means after the operation thereof
has been initiated manually or otherwise.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems which are responsive to plural diverse
conditions and/or to a single condition and which are also provided
with time delay means for the control operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter in which the sensing means are responsive
to a condition in or of the motor being braked or a device actuated
by the motor.
through 477, inclusive, and the subclasses specified
in the Notes thereto, for other motor control systems responsive
to conditions in or of the motor being controlled or in or of the device
actuated thereby.
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter in which the sensing means is responsive
to the magnitude or the rate-of-change of the magnitude of the electric
current in the armature or primary circuit of the motor being braked.
(1)
Note. Where the sensing means comprises a relay which is
responsive to the terminal voltage of the electric motor (i.e.,
connected to shunt to the motor armature circuit) such sensing means
is treated as being responsive to the terminal or c.e.m.f. voltage
of the motor and not to the armature current thereof, and is classified
in subclass 368.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems responsive to the armature or primary
current of the motor being controlled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter in which the sensing means are responsive
to the magnitude of, or the rate-of-change of the magnitude of the
terminal voltage or the counter-electromotive-force of the motor
being braked.
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for other motor control systems which are responsive to
the terminal voltage or counter-electromotive-force of the motor being
controlled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter in which the sensing means are responsive
to the speed (or rate-of-change thereof) degree or amount of movement,
or the position (angular or linear) of the motor or device driven
thereby.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for miscellaneous motor systems having automatic control means responsive
to the rate-of-change of a condition.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for miscellaneous motor systems having automatic control means responsive
to sound, supersonic vibration or mechanical vibration.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for miscellaneous motor systems with automatic control means responsive
to the speed or rate-of-movement of a body.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for miscellaneous motor systems with automatic control means responsive
to the movement, position or limit of travel of the motor or a device
driven by the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter in which two or more braking means are provided,
one or more of which braking means are structurally different, or
are differently controlled or are controlled by structurally different
means than one or more others of the braking means.
Brakes, appropriate subclasses, particularly noting
subclasses 4, 35, 64, 65.3, 68, 79, 105, 143, 156, and 204 for plural
brake systems of general applications.
This subclass is indented under subclass 370. Subject matter in which the plural braking means includes
friction braking means combined with "plugging" and/or
with dynamic braking.
(1)
Note. For definition of "friction", "plugging",
and "dynamic" braking, see definitions of subclasses
372, 373 and 375, respectively.
Brakes, appropriate subclasses, for the combination of diverse
types of braking devices in general. Particularly note
subclass 159 wherein one form of braking means is actuated by current
from a motor (acting as a generator) which also brakes by virtue
of its dynamic action.
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter in which the braking means comprises a frictional
contact surface adapted to engage a cooperating frictional surface which
is connected to or is a part of the movable output element of the
motor being braked.
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter in which means are provided for applying
electric energy to an electric motor in such a direction or manner
that a torque or force is developed in the motor as a result of such
energization which torque or force opposes the tendency of the motor
to continue in motion if in motion, or to move if not in motion.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes those motor control systems
in which the flow of energy to the motor is reversed while the motor
is still in motion, or in which the motor is energized in a direction
to hold the motor stationary or motionless when the motor is urged
to move, while not energized.
(2)
Note. Where the application of reverse power is continued
after the forward motion of the motor has been reduced to zero so
that the motor operates a substantial amount in the reverse direction, classification
is not herein, but under combined reversing and braking controls in
preceding subclasses. Note particularly subclass 261.
and the subclass specified in the Notes thereto,
for motor systems having braking by application of reverse power
combined with continued reverse energization with consequent reverse
operation of the motor. See (2) Note above.
and the Search Notes thereto, for motor systems
having means for reversing the application of power to a motor for
effecting a substantial operation of the motor in the reverse direction
(Motor-reversing control).
Railway Rolling Stock,
subclass 61 for electric controls for electric-motor driven
locomotives that may involve "plugging" or application
of reverse power for braking purposes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter in which means are provided for interrupting
the flow of energy to the motor substantially at the time that the
motor speed is reduced to zero.
(1)
Note. The termination of the flow of electric energy to an
electric motor as the motor speed substantially reaches zero is considered
part of the operation of braking and not another motor control operation,
such as automatic stopping of the motor; and hence, such systems
are not considered combined braking and automatic stopping systems
but rather merely a braking system, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter in which the motor to be controlled is braked
as a result of the motor being converted into an electric generator,
which supplies electric energy to an electric circuit.
(1)
Note. An electric motor to be controlled can be converted
into an electric generator (1) merely as a result of change in the operating
conditions (such as mere change in speed of the motor so that its c.e.m.f.
exceeds the applied voltage), (2) by appropriately changing the
electric circuits of the motor, or (3) by properly changing the
circuit constants in existing motor circuits so that the c.e.m.f.
generated by the motor exceeds any value of voltage applied to the
motor. An electric motor is converted to a braking generator whenever
the generated e.m.f. within the motor exceeds in magnitude the opposing
potentials, if any, that are applied to the motor and whenever the generating
circuit is simultaneously connected to a closed electric circuit.
The "closed electric circuit" may comprise a low
resistance (dead) short circuit, a useful-load circuit (including
the circuit which supplies the electric energy to the motor during
motoring operation) or a purely resistive (dissipating) circuit.
Motor Vehicles,
subclass 65 for vehicles having electric motors to supply the
motive power and wherein dynamic braking may be effected to retard
the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Subject matter in which means are provided for returning
or delivering the electrical energy generated in the motor while
operating as a generator to the circuit which supplies the electric
energy to the motor when operating as a motor.
(1)
Note. This type of braking is commonly referred to as "regenerative" to "recuperative" braking.
This subclass is indented under subclass 376. Subject matter in which means are provided for producing
a voltage comprising means other than that which constitutes the
source of armature or primary circuit voltage for the motor when
operating as a motor and other than the motor itself when operating
as a generator during braking.
for braking in plural motor systems wherein one
or more motors are converted into generators for supplying exciting
current to other motors operating as generators.
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
the additional source of e.m.f. in series with the armature or primary
circuit of the motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems in which two or more diverse sources
of supply are used for electric motors.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems in which two or more electrical
sources of supply are connected electrically in series with each
other and in series with the armature or primary winding of the
motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Subject matter in which means are provided for immediately
connecting the terminals of the generating circuit of the motor
through an electrical circuit, with or without additional control or
dissipative devices in the last named circuit.
(1)
Note. Where the motor is connected to supply energy to a
distribution circuit adapted to supply various and sundry electrical
devices and appliances at remote or indefinite points, classification is
not herein. See Class 307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection
Systems, subclass 11.
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter in which impedance devices or other current-controlling
devices are connected in the locally closed circuit.
(1)
Note. Where the "other current-controlling device" is
a useful electric load device for performing some useful purpose
other than as a mere current-controlling device, classification
is not herein. For example, where the load device is a light generating
device used for illumination purposes or is a secondary battery
in which energy is stored indefinitely for any purpose, classification
is not herein. See Class 307, electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 11.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor control systems wherein impedance devices are connected
in the armature or primary circuit of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter in which the braking means comprise (1) an
electric generator connected to be driven by the motor for the purpose
of braking the motor or (2) Magnetic-Flux-producing means which
operate directly through the agency of the flux, per se, to oppose,
by magnetic repulsion or by magnetic attraction, the tendency of
the motor to continue in motion, if in motion, or to move if not
in motion.
(1)
Note. Magnetic operators for other types of brakes (e.g.,
friction, fluid, etc.) are not included herein.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 39 and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto
for generator systems having a motor driven generator.
Electricity: Motor Control Systems, art collection 931 for single motor running-speed
control systems wherein a generator is driven by the motor, while
the motor is electrically energized, which generator acts as a retarding
or braking means to affect the running-speed of the motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for means for merely applying or removing the brakes (brake operators)
from electric motors, and see indented subclasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter for controlling the currents or voltages
in (or supplied to) the motor phases (or windings) to control motor
performance (or produce torque) without motor-controlled mechanical
switches (i.e., commutators, brushes, slip rings, etc.) by generating
a feedback signal in response to any motor parameter (e.g., speed,
position, load, torque, current, voltage, acceleration, etc.) and
controlling the motor in response to the feedback signal.
(1)
Note. Brushless motors are often called "self-commutating" motors.
(2)
Note. This subclass may also include subject matter wherein
the motor is controlled by an additional or remote parameter signal
(e.g., light, temperature, fluid flow, position of a work piece,
etc.). However, in this case, the motor is also controlled by a
feedback signal in response to any motor parameter (e.g., speed,
position, torque, load, current, voltage, acceleration, etc.).
Electricity: Motor Control Systems,
subclasses 800 through 824for closed-loop speed control of motors having commutators
and subclasses 842-847 for closed-loop acceleration control of motors
having commutators.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter in which the feedback loop includes a means
to convert multiphase currents or voltages supplied to the motor phases
(or windings) to a two-phase representation of a related motor parameter
(e.g., flux, rotor angle current vector, etc.) which is used to
control the motor.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 1 through 12for frequency and phase converters and subclass
150 for phase conversion using dynamoelectric machines.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.04. Subject matter comprising a circuit or method for obtaining
or generating a parameter or value (i.e., the reference signal)
by which a feedback signal can be compared.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.04. Subject matter comprising a circuit or technique by which
to compare the motor feedback signal with a reference or value.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.04. Subject matter wherein two or more motor conditions or parameters
are detected and used as feedback signals.
(1)
Note. The use of plural feedback circuits measuring the same
parameter does not qualify to be included in this subclass (e.g.,
speed measurement for each phase of a three-phase motor).
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.04. Subject matter in which the control signal is a function
of a condition spatially separate from the motor structure.
(1)
Note. In the case of light sensing, this subclass does not
include subject matter where optical means are used to sense rotor
position for feedback to the commutation control circuit.
(2)
Note. The motor shaft is a part of the motor structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter in which the motor is controlled in more
than one distinct set or range of operational characteristics (e.g.,
high/low speed, forward/reverse, running/braking, high/low
torque, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.09. Subject matter wherein the motor is controlled with one
distinct set or range of operational characteristics prior to reaching running
speed and a second set or range of operational characteristics at
running speed.
(1)
Note. Running speed is any speed for which the motor was
designed to operate. A separate starting mode may, for example,
be used to quickly establish a speed (by supplying more torque),
prevent over-current situations (when starting from standstill),
or to establish a set of starting parameters (e.g., position, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.09. Subject matter wherein the control information for each
of the plural modes is predetermined and stored in a table, map,
or memory.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter wherein a means by which a temporal assessment
is used within the feedback system to provide control.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.13. Subject matter wherein the currents or voltages to the motor
phases or windings are advanced and/or made to lag in accordance with
detected speed and/or position.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, appropriate subclasses for the miscellaneous systems
for controlling phase angle or voltage and/or current magnitude,
and for the miscellaneous transformer and impedance systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter wherein the rotational force of the motor
or resistance to rotation is determined by calculation, estimation,
or detection.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter wherein information concerning the position
or control of the motor is digitally stored on a computer disk (e.g.,
a hard drive).
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include disk control systems,
per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter in which switching control signals used to
control motor performance (or produce torque) are processed, modified,
manipulated, or generated.
(1)
Note. Typically, these "switching control signals" are
used to control the inverter switches. This subclass does not pertain
to the currents or voltages sent to the motor windings, but instead
pertains to the signals that control or cause the currents or voltages
to be sent to the motor windings.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 100 through 333for signal or waveform converting, shaping, or generating.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter wherein the time rate of change (or gradient)
of voltage or current in either the phase windings or in a circuit
for controlling the voltages or currents is varied or regulated.
(1)
Note. Slew rate control is often employed to prevent switching
transients, electromagnetic interference, and noise.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter in which the energy supplied to the motor
field windings is modified and/or altered to achieve a
desired result (e.g., wave shaping the drive pulses).
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 100 through 333for signal or waveform converting, shaping, or generating.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter in which any part of the motor, switches,
feedback system, and/or commutation control hardware is
protected against adverse effects.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.21. Subject matter in which current and/or voltage
is limited, reduced, or compensated to prevent failure or malfunction.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 1 through 138for safety and protection of systems and devices,
especially subclass 93.9 for current limiting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter in which the sound or mechanical vibration
of the motor is attenuated or eliminated (or otherwise modified)
and/or the motor torque is stabilized and variations are reduced.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter for reducing or eliminating electromagnetic
radiation or electrical disturbances (e.g., transients or perturbations) which
interfere with desired operation (e.g., feedback signal) of the
motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.24. Subject matter in which the electrical disturbances or transients
that result from transistor (i.e., in the inverter) switching during motor
control are reduced or eliminated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter directed to circuits to make or break (i.e.,
switches) the electrical power to the windings.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes single-phase inverters.
(2)
Note. This subclass also includes the rectifier circuit commonly
associated with inverter circuits to rectify an ac source to dc
for use by the inverter switches.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.26. Subject matter having a means to connect and disconnect
a motor winding to a power supply (i.e., the high-side switching
elements) and to connect and disconnect a motor winding to ground
(i.e., the low-side switching elements).
Figure 1. T1a, T2a, and T3a are high-side switching elements;T1b, T2b, and T3b are low-side switching elements; and A, B, and
C indicate connections to the motor windings
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.27. Subject matter wherein the means to connect and disconnect
a motor winding to a power supply (i.e., the high-side switching
elements) and the means to connect and disconnect a motor winding
to ground (i.e., the low-side switching elements) are controlled
in a different manner or by a different method.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.26. Subject matter in which the motor is connected between two
switches for connecting the motor to a voltage supply (high-side switching
elements) and two switches for connecting the motor to ground (low-side
switching elements).
Figure 1. S1 and S3 are high-side switching elements; andS2 are S4 are low-side switching elements.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 91 through 93for cathode or cathode heater including anode supply
circuit but not including any grid-biasing circuit.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, appropriate subclasses for the miscellaneous systems
for controlling phase angle or voltage and/or current magnitude,
and for the miscellaneous transformer and impedance systems.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 530 through 550for miscellaneous circuits combined with power
supply or bias means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter in which motor parameters (e.g., rotor position,
speed, etc.) are determined by measuring phase current or voltage.
(1)
Note. While phase currents and voltages are "sensed," per
se, sensors typically refer to physical units attached to the motor
(or rotor) (e.g., Hall effect sensors, tachometers, etc.). Therefore,
sensorless motors are those without the physical unit attached to
the motor (or rotor).
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.32. Subject matter wherein a usually small or test voltage (typically
not large enough to generate torque) is applied to (i.e., "injected") the
motor winding to determine position.
(1)
Note. This is typically done to determine motor position prior
at startup.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.32. Subject matter in which phase EMF is detected to determine
a motor attribute (e.g., rotor position and/or speed) which
is fed back to provide commutation control data.
(1)
Note. Back-EMF (or BEMF or counter-EMF or CEMF), is the voltage
produced across motor windings, due to the winding turns (of the
rotor/armature) passing through a magnetic field (of the
stator/field), during rotation of the motor. The back-EMF
is directly proportional to rotor velocity and opposite in polarity
to the applied voltage. This static voltage arises from the generator
action in a motor, even if the motor windings are not energized.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.34. Subject matter in which a polarity reversal (i.e., a change
in sign) in an induced voltage or current in an undriven winding/coil is
determined or sensed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.32. Subject matter in which motor field windings are electrically
connected to a common point and electrical parameters (i.e., current
and/or voltage) are determined from the common point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter in which any motor parameter (e.g., speed,
position, etc.) is generated into a feedback signal.
(1)
Note. Here, the sensor is more than a sensing circuit and
typically includes a physical unit attached to the motor, motor
shaft, or any other structure and capable of determining a motor
parameter.
(2)
Note. In "sensorless" motors, motor parameters
are determined by the use of a measuring circuit and not some physical
unit attached to the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.37. Subject matter in which a magnetic field is used to determine
a motor parameter (e.g., position, speed, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.38. Subject matter wherein the magnetic field is generated remotely
(i.e., separately) from the motor structure (e.g., detected from
a rotating disk attached to a shaft turned by the motor rotor).
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.37. Subject matter wherein light or radiant energy is used to
determine the motor parameter (e.g., position or speed, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 400.01. Subject matter wherein the motor being controlled has a
structural characteristic or feature (e.g., an element or dimension,
etc.) that enhances, modifies, or otherwise affects motor performance.
(1)
Note. The intent of this subclass is to include subject matter
other than the controlling circuitry.
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter for controlling the currents or voltages
in (or to) the motor phases (or windings) to control motor performance
(or produce torque) without motor-controlled mechanical switches
(i.e., commutators, brushes, slip rings, etc.) and without feedback
of any motor parameter.
(1)
Note. This subclass contains documents that control a motor
without the use of specific feedback parameters, such as position,
speed, torque, load, voltage, current, etc.
(2)
Note. Brushless motors are often called "self-commutating" motors.
Electricity: Motor Control Systems,
subclasses 825 through 841for open-loop speed control of motors having commutators
and subclasses 848-860 for open-loop acceleration control of motors
having commutators.
MOTOR LOAD, ARMATURE CURRENT OR FORCE CONTROL DURING STARTING AND/OR STOPPING
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the mechanical load actuated by the motor or for controlling the
motor armature or primary current, torque or force during the starting
and/or the stopping period of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the motor torque at the instant of starting in order to insure that
the motor torque is great enough to overcome the starting-from-rest
or static friction opposition to motor movement.
CONSTANT MOTOR CURRENT, LOAD AND/OR TORQUE CONTROL
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for maintaining
substantially constant the magnitude of the motor armature or primary current,
the watts supplied to the motor, the mechanical load connected or
applied to the motor, or the torque or force exerted by the motor.
for motor systems in which means are provided for
preventing the load driven by the motor, the motor current, or the
watts supplied to the motor, or the torque exerted by the motor
from exceeding a predetermined maximum or a minimum value. Where
the system includes means to prevent the motor load, motor current, watts
or torque from exceeding both a maximum and minimum value, the patent
is classified in this subclass 432.
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Subject matter in which means are provided for maintaining
a constant motor current, load, and/or torque control by
controlling the physical load device actuated by the motor.
LIMITATION OF MOTOR LOAD, CURRENT, TORQUE OR FORCE (E.G., PREVENTING OVERLOAD)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for preventing
the load connected or applied to the motor, the armature or primary current
of the motor, the watts supplied to the motor, or the torque or
force exerted by the motor from merely exceeding a predetermined maximum
or predetermined minimum value.
for this subject matter where the system includes
means for preventing the motor current, load, or the torque or force
exerted by the motor, from exceeding both a predetermined maximum
and minimum value.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for energizing
an electric motor to produce a substantial output force or torque
which is insufficient under prevailing conditions to cause the motor
to start.
(1)
Note. This subclass is designed to include mere torque or
force producing motors which, under the conditions of loading, cannot
cause the useful load device to move appreciably, other than to
effect a mere slack, play or back-lash take-up movement, but which
motor nevertheless exerts a sustained torque or force on the load
device.
for motor systems having means for controlling the
motor torque at the starting period to insure that the motor will
start, and for motor systems having means for stalling or overloading the
motor while the motor is energized.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 98 for electric meters wherein the motive-power element
of the meter is energized to exert torque on a non-moving pointer
to hold it in an indicating position.
Electricity: Motor Control Systems,
subclasses 848+ for single motor acceleration control systems wherein a
motor is energized while stationary, but which motor immediately
starts and controllably accelerates to a running condition.
PHASING OR ANGULAR OR LINEAR POSITIONAL CONTROL OF MOVABLE ELEMENT OF THE MOTOR
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for positioning
or phasing the movable (working) element on an electric motor with reference
to some object, fixed or in motion, or with reference to cyclic
conditions or time.
for follow-up systems of electric motor control
wherein a motor is positioned relatively to a transmitting or controlling
member or with reference to a predetermined condition.
for this subject matter where one motor is in predetermined
relative position with respect to another motor by means of electrical
synchronizing interconnections between the motors.
for this subject matter where two or more motors
are mechanically coupled together so that their movable elements
are constrained to maintain a predetermined relative phase or angular
position with respect to each other.
for this subject matter where one motor has its
speed and/or phase relationship controlled with respect
to another motor under running speed conditions.
for motor systems having means for starting or accelerating
motors other than by electrical energization of the motor, including
means for synchronizing or phasing the motors relative to an AC
source of supply to which the motors are to be connected.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the power factor (i.e., the phase angle between the line voltage
and resulting line current which is supplied to the primary circuit)
of the energy supplied by an alternating current source to the armature
or primary circuit of an electric motor.
(1)
Note. For the combination of power factor control and one
or more motor operations control, see appropriate subclass for the
particular operations control. Power factor control is not such
a control as is combinable with other controls to constitute plural
diverse controls.
for motor systems having synchronous motor control,
particularly field-circuit control, which may modify the power factor
of the energy supplied to the motor. Particularly note subclass 179
for synchronous motor systems having automatic control means which
is responsive to power factor, phase angle, power, or watts in the motor
armature circuit.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition thereof for miscellaneous motor systems having the armature
circuit controlled by means of impedances (reactors, condensers,
etc.) in the armature circuit.
HAVING PLURAL, DIVERSE OR DIVERSELY CONTROLLED SOURCES
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which two or more sources of electrical
energy are provided for the armature or primary circuit of electric motors
one or more of said sources (1) having one or more characteristics
(e.g., size, frequency, voltage, etc.) which are substantially different
from one or more corresponding characteristics of one or more others
of the sources, or (2) are controlled substantially differently (e.g.,
with respect to time, degree of control, type of control means,
etc.) from one or more others of the sources.
(1)
Note. Where a plurality of sources are connected in electrical
series, or in series, or in series parallel in the armature or primary
circuit of a motor, there being no significant diverse characteristics
of the sources claimed or no different control of the sources claimed,
the patent is excluded from this subclass. See subclass 504 and
the subclasses specified in the Notes to the definition of that
subclass for such excluded subject matter.
for motor systems having plural, diverse or diversely
controlled generators for supplying electric energy to the armature
or primary circuits of motors.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 18 for systems interconnecting a plurality of sources
of electrical energy so that they supply a plurality of load devices or
load circuits; subclass 43 for systems interconnecting a plurality
of sources of electrical energy so that they can supply a common
load or load circuit.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 86 for automatic substitution of power supply; subclass
137 for polyphases source of supply; subclass 160 for plural power
supplies, all for lamp or space-discharge device systems.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or
Discharging, appropriate subclasses, particularly
subclass 138 , for a plural source of supply for a battery or
condenser in a charging or discharging system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter in which one or more of the sources are an
alternating current type of source and one or more others of which
are a direct current type of source.
(1)
Note. A pulsating source in which the instantaneous polarity
never reverses is classified as a direct current source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter in which one or more of the sources have
a different (effective value) voltage than one or more others of
the sources.
and 109, for plural motor systems having plural
sources of supply one or more of which sources have a voltage which
is different (in effective value) than the voltage of one or more
others of the sources.
PERIODIC, REPETITIOUS OR SUCCESSIVE OPERATIONS CONTROL OF MOTOR, INCLUDING "JOG" AND "INCH" CONTROL
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for effecting
a motor operation two or more times in succession at regular or
irregular intervals of time.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes those systems of repetitious,
periodic, or successive operations of a motor in which once the
operation of the motor is initiated, either manually or automatically,
the operation will take place a plurality of times by virtue of
the inherent law or mode of operation of the control means.
(2)
Note. Where the operation is controlled by some condition-sensitive
device and the operation is effected each time a predetermined condition
exists but where the condition may or may not exist so that as a
result the operation may or may not occur or take place, classification
is not herein but in some other appropriate subclass. See subclass
445 herein below, and the subclasses listed in the Search Notes
thereto.
for motor systems having means for successively
starting and/or stopping or for periodically or repeatedly
starting and/or stopping two or more electric motors.
for this subject matter where the motor is a reciprocating
or oscillating electric motor which is periodic or repetitious in
its operation by virtue of its normal mode of operation (i.e., its working
or useful output member periodically stops and reverses).
for pattern, template, perforated sheet or other
predetermined schedule means which can be operated to give repeated
or cyclic motor operation controls.
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter in which means are provided for changing
the periodicity or time interval of different motor operations.
AUTOMATIC AND/OR WITH TIME-DELAY MEANS (E.G., AUTOMATIC STARTING AND/OR STOPPING)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which (1) means are provided for sensing
the existence of or the magnitude of a predetermined condition (e.g., temperature,
time, speed of a device, etc.) combined with means for controlling
the motor and in which the sensing means initiates the operation
of the motor control means upon the occurrence of the predetermined
condition; and/or (2) in which time-delay or retarding means
are provided for retarding or delaying the operation of the motor
control means whether the operation is initiated manually or automatically.
(1)
Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented hereinunder
will be the places where automatic starting and/or stopping,
per se, of electric motors will be classified. See the class definition
for automatic starting and/or stopping of electric motors.
for electric motor follow-up systems in which a
motor starts (including automatic starting in response to a change
in a condition) and automatically stops when motor moves a distance
proportional to the degree of movement of a controller or to the degree
of change of a condition.
for speed difference detectors in plural motor systems
for automatically controlling the relative speeds of the motors
in response to a difference in speed between the motors.
for motor systems having means for automatically
controlling an electric motor by means of templates, perforated
sheets and other predetermined schedule means.
for induction motor systems having automatic control
and/or time delay means for the control of an impedance type
converter or dephasing means for controlling the armature or primary circuit
of the motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of those subclasses for miscellaneous motor systems having
automatic control of the reversing of electric motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which means other than automatic means
(e.g., manual means) are also provided for effecting a particular
control of an electric motor.
(1)
Note. The automatic control means and the nonautomatic control
means may be arranged to operate conjointly or exclusively of each
other.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclass 479.01 and the Search Notes thereto, for plural operators
or controlling elements for single load devices in general.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which means are provided for rendering
the sensing mechanism entirely nonresponsive or incapacitated, or
less responsive to the predetermined conditions for a particular and
limited period of time which is less than the time required for
an operating cycle of the motor.
(1)
Note. For example, an overload cutout may be rendered inoperative
during the starting period of a motor so that it will not trip during
the particular and limited period that the motor is starting, but
will be fully operative during the running period of the motor.
(2)
Note. Where the sensing or control means is merely delayed
or retarded (e.g., by means of a dash pot or other retarding means),
so that the rate at which the sensing means responds or the control
means operates is reduced, classification is not herein, but in
subclass 484 below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which means are provided for preventing
or for reducing the tendency of the motor control means to cause
the motor to "hunt" overtravel or to be over-compensated.
The systems included herein are "open loop" controls
and thus are not servomechanisms.
(1)
Note. "Overcompensation" is defined for
the purposes of this class as that condition which exists when the
automatic control means, in consequence of its sensing means responding
to a change in some predetermined condition, cause the operation
or control of the motor to be extended or continued beyond that
necessary to restore the condition to the desired value. "Overtravel" is
defined as the movement of the motor, or devices actuated thereby,
beyond that necessary to cause the condition to be restored to the
desired value and is the direct and proximate result of the "overcompensation" defined
above. "Hunting" is defined as that condition
which exists as a result of "overcompensation" or "overtravel" in
which the sensing means again responds to the extended or excessive change
in condition beyond that desired to cause the control means to effect
a control of the motor in the opposite direction. Should the control
means again overcompensate, the operation of the control means may
be initiated for several or for an indefinite number of times.
These successive operations or controls of the motor in an attempt
to restore the condition to a predetermined value is known as "hunting";
and the means provided to prevent or reduce hunting are known as "anti-hunting" means.
(2)
Note. Where the system is a closed loop position servomechanism,
classification is not herein, but in subclass 611, above.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for motor systems having means for braking a motor in order to prevent
overtravel of a motor after the energy flow thereto has been terminated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which means are provided for producing
a force, motion, or other quantitative characteristic constituting
a standard, master, or reference value or quantity, in combination with
means for comparing such value or quantity with a value or quantity
of a corresponding characteristic derived from or as a result of
the operation of the motor to be controlled, and for controlling
the motor in accordance with the magnitude or variations in magnitude
of the resultant of the compared values or quantities.
for electric motor follow-up systems in which when
the "transmitter" is operated continuously the
follow-up motor may vary in speed (see particularly subclass 23)
in accordance with variations in the speed of operation of the transmitter
which thus acts as a standard or reference device.
for plural motor systems having means for controlling
the relative speed of two or more electric motors wherein a speed
difference detector is employed for comparing the relative speeds
of the motor with respect to each other and means are provided responsive
to the speed difference detector for controlling the speed of one
motor relative to that of another.
for motor systems having means to control the motor
running-speed in response to the speed or frequency of any master
device other than the source of supply for the armature circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 449. Subject matter in which the comparing means (i.e., the means
which detects a change in, or a difference between, the values or
quantities being compared) comprise electrical means, e.g., coils,
electric meters or indicators, dynamoelectric machines, electrical
impedances, etc.
for plural motor systems having electrical type
detectors in running-speed control systems wherein the speed of one
motor is compared by electrical means with the speed of another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 449. Subject matter in which a tuning-fork or other mechanically
vibratable device is used as a standard, master, or reference device
with which the operation or control of the motor is compared and
controlled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter , (1) in which the sensing means are provided
with means which respond to two or more conditions, one or more
of which are diverse in type or character than one or more others
of the conditions or (2) in which means are employed for sensing
one or more conditions, diverse or otherwise, in combination with
means for delaying or retarding the operation of the sensing means
or the control means after control thereof has been initiated by
the sensing means.
(1)
Note. The magnitude of a condition (e.g., 40-volts) and the
rate-of-change (e.g., 1 volt per second) of a condition are considered
plural, diverse conditions for purpose of classification herein.
Two magnitudes of a different order of the same condition (e.g.,
40-volts and 60-volts) are not considered plural diverse conditions
for purposes of classification herein.
(2)
Note. Automatic starting of a motor in response to one condition
and stopping in response to different kind of condition is included
herein, for example.
(3)
Note. The sensing means which responds to two or more diverse
conditions may comprise either separate means one of which responds
to one condition and another of which responds to another condition,
or a single means which is simultaneously responsive to diverse
conditions (e.g., an electromagnet having the winding made of a
thermally responsive material, such as iron wire, which is inherently
responsive to voltage or current and also temperature).
for automatic control in response to plural diverse
conditions and/or with automatic control in response to
a condition in combination with time delay or retarding means, of
a generator in a generator-fed-motor system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter in which the sensing means is responsive
to one or more electrical conditions (e.g., voltage, frequency,
current, etc.).
for automatic control of a generator in a generator-fed-motor
system in which the sensing means is responsive to plural diverse
conditions including one or more electrical conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter in which the sensing means respond to two
or more predetermined electrical conditions, one or more of which
conditions are different in kind or character (e.g., voltage, current,
frequency, watts, power-factor, etc.) than one or more others of
the conditions.
(1)
Note. The magnitude of an electrical characteristic (e.g.,
50-volts, 10 amperes, etc.) and the rate-of-change of magnitude
of the same characteristic (e.g., 1-volt per second change, or 2-amperes
per minute change) are considered to be diverse electrical conditions
and, hence, are included within the definition of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Subject matter in which the sensing means are responsive
to both voltage and current including watts or watthours based on
both voltage and current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means is responsive
to the rate-of-change of a condition (e.g., from 72° F
to 73° F in 10 minutes, four (4) pounds pressure change
per hour, etc.).
(1)
Note. Means responsive to rate of change of position (i.e.,
the speed) of the motor or other body are not included herein but
will be found herein below. See subclass 461. However, means responsive
to rate-of-change of speed (i.e., acceleration) are classified herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Subject matter in which means are provided for sensing,
detecting, or measuring the rate-of-change of a condition comprising
a device having an inertia member which is relatively displaced
in response to a rate-of-change of a condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Subject matter in which the sensing means is responsive
to the rate-of-change of an electrical condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means are responsive
to the armature or primary circuit voltage, the terminal voltage,
or the counter-electromotive-force of the motor being controlled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means are responsive
to noise, sound, or other mechanical vibrations of bodies.
(1)
Note. Means for sensing (or which are responsive to) electrostatic
or magnetic waves are not included herein, even if the said waves
are produced or originated by mechanically vibrating bodies.
(2)
Note. Means for sensing compressional waves transmitted by
means of solids, liquids, or gases (including natural media such
as earth, water, and atmosphere) are included herein regardless
of the frequency thereof (i.e., whether audible or supersonic).
for motor systems having automatic control of reciprocating
or oscillating electric motors in response to the sound, noise,
or vibration in or of the motors or devices actuated thereby.
Communications: Electrical,
subclass 825.72 is the generic subclass for systems for the control
of apparatus and devices at a distance by means of radio wave energy.
See the Search Notes in the class definition of Class 343 for the
other classes which provide for means for the control of an apparatus
or device by means of compressional waves.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means are responsive
to the speed (angular or linear velocity) or rate-of-movement of
the motor being controlled or of any other body.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of those subclasses for automatic running-speed control
of one motor with reference to the running-speed of another motor.
for automatic control of the generator in a generator-fed-motor
system in response to the speed of the motor being controlled or
of a device driven thereby.
This subclass is indented under subclass 461. Subject matter in which the sensing means comprises a centrifugally
operating device for detecting the speed conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 461. Subject matter in which the sensing means comprises a tachometer
device.
(1)
Note. A "tachometer device" is defined as
a device adapted to be connected to a moving body and to develop
a force, pressure (including electrical potential) or other quantity
which varies with the speed of the moving body which force, pressure
or other quantity is availed of to actuate another device to a degree
varying with the speed of the moving body.
and the Search Notes thereto, for motor systems
having a tachometer device in which the output thereof is compared
with the output of a master or standard device for the purpose of automatically
controlling motor operations.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 32 for generator systems having generator control
in response to generator speed wherein the sensing device is a tachometer.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclass 236 for speed responsive means including tachometers
for controlling electrical systems in response to the speed of some device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Subject matter in which the speed sensing device comprises
an electric generator connected to be driven by and in proportion
to the speed of the motor or other moving body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 461. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
an electric motor in response to speeds of motors or of other bodies
when the speed is in excess or above a predetermined value.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means are responsive
to a predetermined (1) movement (e.g., mere condition of motion,
number of revolutions, etc.), (2) limit-of-travel, or (3) other position
(e.g., mere presence of, altitude or elevation, etc.) of the motor
being controlled or of any body or device.
for motor systems having means for controlling a
reciprocating or oscillating electric motor in response to movement
or position of the motor or device actuated thereby.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of that subclass for automatic control of motor reversing
in response to movement or position of motor or device actuated thereby.
for motor systems having automatic control of the
acceleration of a motor in response to the movement or position
of the motor or device driven thereby.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for motor systems having means responsive to rate-of-change of position
(i.e., velocity, speed) of the motor or other devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter in which two or more means are provided for
sensing or determining two or more positions or limits-of-travel
of the motor or other device. The systems included herein are "open-loop" controls
and thus are not servomechanisms.
(1)
Note. For example, a plurality of push buttons may be provided,
each determining a different position or a different limit-of-travel
at which the sensing means will function to initiate operation of
the motor control means.
(2)
Note. A single position or limit-of-travel determining means
which is merely adjustable so as to initiate a motor control operation
when any of a number of possible positions or limits-of-travel are reached,
is not included herein.
(3)
Note. Where the system is a closed loop position servomechanism,
classification is not herein, but in subclass 600 or 672, above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter in which the sensing means is responsive
to limit-of-travel of the working element of the controlled motor
or of any other device.
for motor systems having automatic means for controlling
intermittent energization of an electric reciprocating or oscillating
motor when at the limit-of-travel of the working element of the
motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of that subclass for motor systems having means for reversing
an electric motor when it reaches the limit-of-travel thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 468. Subject matter in which means are provided for overloading
the motor automatically when the limit-of-travel has been attained.
(1)
Note. For example, when the motor or a device actuated thereby
reaches its limit-of-travel it may contact a compression spring
or an abutment device placed permanently or temporarily or momentarily in
its path thereby placing increased load on the motor resulting in
increased armature circuit current which may be availed of to effect
the particular motor control desired.
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter in which the sensing means responds to the
mere magnitude of movement (e.g., linear or angular displacements)
of the motor being controlled or of any other device.
(1)
Note. For example, the sensing means may be responsive to
a predetermined linear movement of eight (8) inches, or of one (1)
mile; or to a predetermined angular movement of thirty (30) degrees or
of six (6) revolutions.
for motor systems having automatic control of a
reciprocating or oscillating motor in response to mere magnitude
of movement of the motor or means driven thereby.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of that subclass for motor systems having automatic control
of the reversing of the motor in response to movement of the motor or
a device driven thereby.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means responds to thermal
or temperature conditions in or of any predetermined device or at
any predetermined place or position.
(1)
Note. Response of the sensing means to the particular temperature
(e.g., 30°C, 70°F.) or amount of temperature change (e.g.,
30°C. change) without reference to the actual temperature
or the amount of available heat stored in a body (e.g., 100 calories)
is included herein.
Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, appropriate (thermal) subclasses, noting
subclasses 67 through 104for thermally responsive means in automatic temperature
control systems, and especially subclass 74, for thermally controlled
electric motor actuated temperature control devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Subject matter in which the sensing means is arranged to
be responsive to the temperature or thermal conditions of an impedance
in the circuit of the motor being controlled, or of other means
employed for controlling the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Subject matter in which the sensing means are connected
or arranged to be responsive to thermal condition in or immediately
about the motor being controlled.
(1)
Note. Sensing means connected or arranged to be responsive
to ambient temperature conditions which substantially represent
the temperature of the medium (e.g., air, or oil if submerged in oil,
etc.) in which the motor is located, are included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means responds to a
predetermined motor load, torque, armature or primary circuit current,
or secondary circuit current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 474. Subject matter in which a mechanical device is provided
to sense or detect the existence of a predetermined load on the
motor.
(1)
Note. As an example, a resilient shaft coupling device, the
load end of which is variably displaced under varying load conditions
with respect to the motor end of the coupling, can be used in combination
with contact devices or variable impedance devices whereby the relative movement
between the parts of the coupling device is availed of to actuate
the contacting or impedance device in response to changes in load
to initiate operation of control means for the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 474. Subject matter in which the sensing means responds when
the magnitude of the load attains or exceeds a predetermined value.
This subclass is indented under subclass 476. Subject matter in which the load on the motor or the armature
or primary circuit of the motor is caused to be increased to a magnitude
in excess of or above a predetermined value at the will of an operator
or by means which is designated to, and will cause the motor to
be overloaded at a time selected by the operator or designer.
(1)
Note. For example, an operator may deliberately increase
the load on the motor by manually increasing the load actuated by
the motor, or by manipulating the motor controls so as to cause
the motor to draw an excessive current; or a temporary obstruction
may be placed in the path of movement of the motor or device actuated
thereby which will cause the motor to exert greater effort with resultant
increase in motor current, as a result of which some motor control
will be exercised.
for motor systems having automatic means for controlling
the motor at its limit-of-travel (by means located at the limit-of-travel
of the motor or device actuated thereby for overloading the motor)
in order to cause the circuit of the motor to be opened or otherwise
controlled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means responds to electrical
conditions in circuits other than the circuit to which the motor
being controlled is connected.
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for automatic motor control systems in which the sensing
means is responsive to the terminal, line, or counter-electromotive-force
of the motor being controlled.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 29 for generator systems wherein a motor responsive
to generator voltage is used to control the generator or its driving
means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means responds to the
mere presence or absence of, or the frequency, (i.e., color) intensity,
magnitude or amount of radiant energy.
(1)
Note. Sensing means which respond to the visible spectrum
of light are included herein. Those means which respond to the
infra-red or heat waves are classified in subclass 471 above.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 200 and the classes and subclasses specified in the notes
to the definitions of these subclasses for photo-cell controlled
circuits and photo-cell apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means is responsive
to the pressure in, (1) a fluid medium (i.e., gaseous or a liquid
medium) or (2) a granular medium (i.e., a mass of particulate material
or of discrete particles, such as, for example, sand, wheat, grains,
shot, etc.).
and the subclasses specified in the notes thereto,
for motor systems having the automatic control of an electric motor
in response to the level of a fluid or of a granular material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means is responsive
to the level of (1) a fluid material or medium (i.e., a gaseous
or a liquid material or medium) or (2) a granular (i.e., particulate
or discrete particles) material or medium (e.g., sand, grain, shot,
etc.).
and the subclasses specified in the notes thereto,
for motor systems having automatic control of the motor in response
to the pressure in a fluid or granular material or medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means is responsive
to the presence of, or the degree or amount of, moisture, wetness,
or humidity, in a solid, liquid, or gaseous mass or body.
(1)
Note. Systems of motor control responsive, for example, to
the amount of moisture (i.e., water) in a lubricating oil, the amount
of water vapor in a tobacco storage space, or the amount of alcohol
in a fabric are included herein.
Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,
subclass 44 and the search notes thereto, for humidity sensing
means in automatic humidity control systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means are responsive
to the occurrence of a particular instant of time (e.g., 8:30 A.M.,
5:00 P.M., etc.), or to the passage of a predetermined interval
of time (e.g., 20-minutes, 4-hours, etc.), or in which means are
provided for delaying or retarding the operation of the motor control
means (e.g., by means of dash-pots, slow-speed operation of the
motor control means by a slow-speed motor or through speed-reducing gearing,
etc.).
(1)
Note. Since in any automatic control system the waiting period
for any predetermined condition to occur means, by necessity a passage
of some intervening interval of time, every automatic motor control
system involves, therefore, a time-delay in a broad sense. However, in
such automatic control systems the time interval is indefinite and
may vary in magnitude from an infinitesimally short period to an
indefinitely long period. The time or time intervals intended to
be included herein are of reasonably definite and of predetermined values
and, consequently, the means included herein must be capable by
its inherent mode of operation of causing a control to occur at
some precise time or after the lapse of a reasonably definite and
fixed (although adjustable) period of time.
for this subject matter where the system includes
means for the automatic control of the reversing of a motor in response
to instants of, or passage of a predetermined interval of time,
or where the control means includes time delay means.
for automatically controlled motor systems having
means for rendering the condition-sensing means nonresponsive or
less responsive for limited periods of time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter in which the time-delay means comprises a
dash-pot or other mechanical braking device for effecting a time
delay in the operation of the motor control means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter in which the time-controlling or time-delay
means comprises a motor connected to actuate the control means,
the motor operating the control being designed so that an appreciable
amount of time elapse during the movement of the motor before the
control means is actuated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter in which the time-controlling or time-delay
means comprises an electromagnetic device in the control circuit
of the motor, the electromagnetic device having means for affecting
the rate of rise and fall of the current through the electromagnet
or for affecting the rate of increase or decrease in the magnetic flux
associated with the electromagnet, for the purpose of controlling
the time of operation of the control means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means are responsive
to physical tension, compression or other stress in a body of material.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for automatically controlled motor systems having sensing means
responsive to stresses due to waves of compression and rarefaction in
sound transmitting mediums and bodies (e.g., sound, mechanical vibration).
for automatically controlled motor systems having
sensing means responsive to stresses in fluids or granular material
due to the pressure in, fluid or material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter in which the sensing means are responsive
to direction, grade, inclination, angular position, or to a deviation
or change from a predetermined value thereof. The systems included
herein are "open-loop" controls and thus are not
servomechanisms.
(1)
Note. Where the system is closed loop position servomechanism,
classification is not herein, but in subclass 580, above.
WITH SIGNALS, METERS, RECORDERS OR TESTING DEVICES
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means, in addition to the motor
supply and/or control system, are provided for signalling,
recording, metering or measuring, or testing conditions in or about the
motor and/or its system of supply and/or control,
or the operation or the state of operation of the motor.
(1)
Note. The line that exists between the class (Class 318)
and other classes which relate to signalling, recording, metering or
measuring, or testing, per se, is, in general, as follows: (1) Where
the claimed subject matter only nominally includes the motor or
a conventional part or circuit thereof (such, for example, as "a
motor", and "electric motor", a "motor
armature", a "motor field winding", etc.)
in combination with signalling, recording, metering or measuring, or
testing means set forth in detail, classification will be on the
basis of testing, metering, signalling, etc., in the classes appropriate
thereto; (2) Where the claimed subject matter includes detailed motor
control and/or supply circuits or where parts of the motor
or its supply and/or control circuits are claimed which do
not pertain directly, immediately and only to the signalling, metering
or measuring, or testing means (claimed broadly or in detail), classification
is in this class. In other words where the motor and its supply
and/or control circuits are significantly claimed (i.e.,
the claims are substantially and particularly limited to other than
a mere or nominal motor circuit) classification is in this class;
but when the motor or its circuit is included only nominally in
the manner of an example or as a broad or general illustration,
classification is in some other class appropriate to the signalling, recording,
etc.; (3) Systems involving mere detecting or condition-sensing means
but with no scale or indicator attached thereto are not classified
in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the physical structure (e.g., shifting commutator brushes, pole
pieces or other magnetic structure, coil position, etc., relative
to other structure) of an electric motor and for also controlling
an electric circuit connected to the motor for affecting the supply
of energy to, or the operation of the motor.
(1)
Note. Rotary movement of a rotary electric motor resulting
from electric energization of the motor is not bias for classification
herein. However, axial movement of the rotor other than by the magnetic
force of the motor is structure control included herein.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of those subclasses for electric motor systems having
means for controlling the motor structure.
Electricity: Motor Control Systems,
subclasses 835+ for single motor running-speed control systems
having combined control of motor structure and motor circuit.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for effecting,
or for controlling the dissipation of magnetic energy stored in
magnetic circuit of the field or secondary winding of an electric
motor.
(1)
Note. Such means include means for reducing the tendency
toward the generation of high potentials in the field winding circuit
due to the collapse of the magnetic field flux when the field circuit is
opened.
for motor systems having means for locally closing
the armature circuit of an electric motor for dynamic braking purposes,
which may incidentally provide for dissipation of magnetic energy
stored in the armature or primary winding circuit.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclass 212 for means for discharging static electrical charges
in general, and subclass 123 for electric circuits for electromagnets
in general, in which means may be provided for dissipating the stored
magnetic energy.
CONTROL OF BOTH ARMATURE (OR PRIMARY) CIRCUIT AND FIELD (OR SECONDARY) CIRCUIT
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the armature or primary circuit of the motor and also for controlling
the field or the secondary circuit of the motor.
(1)
Note. The above means may include a single control means
(e.g., potentiometer type rheostat connected so as to be simultaneously
in the field circuit and the armature circuit of a motor) or it
may include a separate control means in each of the circuits of
the motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto
for motor systems having combined control of the generator and of
the motor in a generator-fed motor systems, including such systems
having control of the field or secondary circuit of the motor.
and the subclass specified in the Notes thereto
for motor systems having combined primary and secondary circuits
control for an induction motor systems.
and 705, and the subclass specified in the Note
to the definition of that subclass for motor systems having combined
armature or primary control and field circuit control for a synchronous motor.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 45 for combined control of the armature or primary
circuit and the field circuit of electric generators.
Electricity: Motor Control Systems,
subclasses 801+ , 803+ and 826+ for single motor
running-speed control systems; and subclasses 843 and 849+ for
single motor acceleration control systems; wherein the energization
of a field winding, or of both a field winding and an armature winding,
is controlled.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the armature or primary circuit of the motor.
for this subject matter where the system includes
means to prevent the armature current from either exceeding a maximum
value or diminishing below a minimum value.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of those subclasses for this subject matter where the
system has automatic means to control the armature circuit or has means
to effect a time delay in the operation of the armature circuit
control means.
and the subclasses specified in the Search Notes
thereto, for armature or primary circuit control of an electric motor
combined with the field or secondary control thereof.
Electricity: Motor Control Systems,
subclasses 809+ , 816+, 828+, and 830+ for
control of the armature circuit only in single motor running-speed
control systems with, and without, feedback respectively; and subclasses
844+ and 853+ for similar control in single motor
acceleration control systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter in which two or more armature or primary
windings are provided on the motor and (1) in which one or more
of the windings are substantially different structurally from one or
more others of the windings (including being different with respect
to composition of winding, arrangement or shape of the winding, or
physical dimensions thereof) or (2) in which one or more of the
windings are controlled substantially differently from one or more
others of the windings (including control at different time, different
degrees of excitation, different kinds or types of energizing currents,
or polarized differently).
(1)
Note. As examples only, the following windings, are considered
plural, diverse or diversely controlled windings within the meaning
of this class: (I) Structurally unitary winding in which connections are
made to conduct current from a point intermediate the ends thereof
to either end selectively or to both ends simultaneously, regardless
of the relative polarity of the individual turns of the winding or
the number of turns thereof on either side of the intermediate point
of connection. (II) Structurally unitary winding in which some
of the turns thereof are polarized differently from some of the other
turns.
(2)
Note. As examples only, the following windings are not considered
plural, diverse or diversely controlled windings within the meaning
of this class: (I) Structurally unitary windings in which all turns
are polarized relatively the same (as determined when a polarizing
current is conducted from one end of the winding to the other) and
in which: (a) External connections are made so that current can
be conducted through the winding from a point of the winding to
one or more other points in the same direction along the winding,
or (b) External connections are made to conduct current through
the winding from any point of the winding to another point thereof
and means are provided to shunt or by-pass the current around one
or more turns intermediate the points at which the above external
connections are made; (II) Structurally independent windings which
are physically separated from each other but which in all other
respects are not substantially different or are not controlled substantially
differently with respect to each other.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to those
subclasses for this subject matter where the motors are induction
motors having plural primary windings.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 127 for dynamoelectric devices having two or more current collecting
means, such as commutators or sets of slip rings, connected to different
windings of the devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter in which the armature or primary windings
comprises two or more windings or sections thereof, one or more
of which are displaced in space relation to one or more others of
the windings and which windings or sections thereof are designed
and adapted to be connected to a polyphase source of supply (i.e., two
or more sources of alternating current having the same frequency
and being displaced in time phase relation to each other).
for this subject matter in plural motor systems
having plural induction motors of the polyphase type having synchronizing
connections between their secondaries.
for this subject matter in plural motor systems
having plural motors connected in cascade or tandem, one of which
motors generally being an induction motor of the polyphase type.
for this subject matter where the motor is a reciprocating
or oscillating motor which is provided with polyphase windings to
produce a progressing or traveling motor field flux.
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
the several armature or primary windings in series circuit relationship
with respect to each other at one time and in parallel circuit relationship
with respect to each other at another time; or for connecting two
or more of the windings in parallel circuit relationship with respect
to each other and for, simultaneously, connecting two or more of
the windings in series circuit relationship with respect to each
other.
(1)
Note. One of the windings in a parallel connected group may
constitute one of the windings in the series connected group as,
for example, where one armature or primary winding may be parallel connected
windings.
and the subclasses specified in the definition of
that subclass for series parallel connections of armature or primary
circuits of two or more motors, i.e., the motors are connected in
series-parallel relationships with respect to each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter in which means are provided for energizing
or controlling a predetermined one of the windings and for, subsequently,
energizing or controlling another winding (i.e., for energizing
or controlling the windings in a predetermined order or sequence
which means may, however, be adjustable so as to change from one
predetermined order or sequence to another predetermined order or
sequence).
for motor systems for accelerating two or more motors
in succession or selectively, which includes accelerating the motors
in a predetermined sequence.
for motor systems for starting and/or stopping
plural motors in sequence or in succession, which includes starting and/or
stopping motors in a predetermined order or sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter in which means are provided for energizing
one or more windings or turns so as to produce a magnetic flux in
one direction and for energizing one or more other windings or turns
so as to produce a flux (in the magnetic circuit of the first named
windings or turns) in a direction opposite to the first named direction.
(1)
Note. The windings or turns may be energized or controlled
concurrently or at different times.
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter in which two or more sources of electromotive
force are connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel-circuit
relationship with respect to each other and in which one or more
of the sources are different in structure or are differently controlled
(e.g., with respect to time, magnitude of control, mode of interconnection,
etc.) from one or more others of the sources so as to control the
resultant voltage applied to the motor armature.
(1)
Note. Idly running electric motors or electrolytic cells,
for example, which are connected in series with a source of potential
and armature circuit of the motor so as to develop or generate a counter-electromotive
force are included herein.
(2)
Note. Voltage drops across impedance devices merely connected
in series with the motor, or the counter-electromotive forces developed
within the motor armature winding are not included herein.
for this subject matter in generator-fed motor systems
having plural controlled generators, generators being in the armature
or primary circuit of the motor.
for this subject matter in systems having opposed
sources of supply in the armature circuit of the motor to determine
the direction of current flow therethrough (polarity) for reversing the
motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of those subclasses for this subject matter where there
are a plurality of diverse or diversely controlled sources of supply.
If there is no significant diverse characteristics of the sources
claimed or no different control of the sources claimed, the patent
is classified in subclass 500 and not in subclass 440.
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter in which means are provided for shunting
or short-circuiting in whole or in part the armature or primary
winding of a motor by a conductor or circuit of low impedance.
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter in which means are provided for varying or
changing the effective length of the armature or primary winding
of an electric motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the frequency, or the rate of pulsations, of the current supplied
to the armature or primary circuit of the motor.
(1)
Note. Where means are provided for merely repeatedly making
and braking the armature or primary circuit, see subclass 519, below.
for plural motor systems having cascaded or tandem
connected motors in which the frequency of the current supplied
to the second motor depends on the slip of the first or preceding motor
(i.e., the motor having its primary circuit connected to the AC
supply circuit).
for oscillating or reciprocating motor systems in
which the speed of operation of the motors is controlled by controlling
the frequency of the current or current pulses supplied to the motors.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, appropriate subclasses for means for controlling
the speed and frequency of alternators by controlling the speed
of a nonelectric prime mover which drives the alternator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the magnitude of the voltage supplied to the armature or primary
circuit of the motor being controlled.
(1)
Note. When the voltage is controlled by means of impedance
means (such as space-discharge devices, resistors, inductors and
capacitors merely connected in series or in parallel, but not in series
and in parallel simultaneously-,) which do not form a voltage divider
with respect to the motor armature, classification is not herein,
but in some other subclass herein below. Note subclasses 505 and
508.
(2)
Note. Where voltage is controlled only by means of circuit
making and breaking of the armature or primary circuit, classification
is not herein but is in subclass 519 below.
for plural motor systems having cascade or tandem
connected motors in which the voltage supplied to the second motor
depends on the speed or slip of the first motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto
for this subject matter where the voltage control is effected by
a plurality of sources of supply for the armature circuit.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or
Discharging, appropriate subclass for a variable voltage supply for
a battery or condenser charging or discharging system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter in which a space-discharge device is connected
in series or in parallel with the armature or primary circuit of
the motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for other motor systems having an impedance device in the armature
or primary circuit of the electric motor.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses, for miscellaneous systems
for controlling gas or vapor filled space-discharge devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Subject matter in which a plurality of space-discharge devices
are provided, the principal electrodes of at least one of which
devices are connected to the armature or primary circuit of the
motor, and in which one of the space-discharge devices is structurally
different or is connected or arranged or controlled differently than
the other of the space-discharge devices.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 227 and 291 for electric space discharge device systems
for voltage magnitude control involving plural space discharge devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Subject matter in which the space-discharge device includes
a cathode, and anode, and (a) an electrostatic element (e.g., a
control grid) which is adapted to have an electric potential established
between it and the cathode, or (b) a magnetic-field producing means;
wherein the elements (a), (b) are positioned relative to the cathode
and anode so as to control the space-current flow between the cathode
and the anode.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 227 and 291, for electric space discharge device systems
for voltage magnitude control having discharge controlled device (e.g.,
grid) control.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous electric space
discharge device circuits having a control electrode and
subclasses 510+ for such circuits which are magnetically effected.
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
one or more impedance devices (e.g., resistors, reactors, capacitors)
in series and/or in parallel to the armature or primary circuit
of an electric motor.
784, 785, and 794, for impedance-type phase converter
or dephasing means for adapting an induction motor for operation
from a single phase source of supply.
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Subject matter in which there are provided a plurality of
impedance devices each of which is directly connected in the armature
or primary circuit of the motor and in which one of the impedance
devices is structurally different, differently controlled or connected
than another of the impedances.
Turners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for use
in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and capacitance
elements in circuit arrangement to form a resonant circuit and in
which structure is provided for adjusting one or both of these elements
for changing the mean resonant frequency of the circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Subject matter in which the impedance device is of the type
in which the impedance of the device inherently changes appreciably
in magnitude (e.g., with mere lapse of time, change in potential
applied thereto or current flowing therethrough, change in temperature
or physical pressure applied thereto, etc.).
(1)
Note. Impedances such as reactors and condensers whose value
of impedance changes in consequence merely of a change in the frequency
of the electric energy supplied thereto are not included herein.
Should the impedance of these devices change inherently, however, with
the frequency remaining constant, classification is herein.
for motor systems having inherently variable impedance
devices in the primary circuit of an induction motor. See particularly
subclasses 788, 796, 797, 804, 815, and 892.
Inductor Devices,
subclass 30 for adjustable induction apparatus designed to
have its impedance automatically controlled in response to a condition,
and subclass 155 for the structure of inductive regulators (of the
saturable or high leakage reactance type) having no movable adjustable
feature.
Electrical Resistors,
subclass 2 for strain gauge type electrical resistors, and
subclass 13 for electrical resistors whose value changes in response
to a condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter in which auxiliary means are provided for
saturating the magnetic core or a part thereof of the reactor.
(1)
Note. For example, an auxiliary winding on the reactor combined
with means for supplying either AC or DC current thereto sufficiently
to magnetically saturate the core, would be included herein. Merely
increasing the current through the usual winding on the reactor
until the core becomes saturated, is not included herein.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 206 , 249, 302, 310, and 329 for systems wherein saturable
reactors are used for control purposes.
Inductor Devices,
subclass 155 for the structure of inductive regulators of the saturable
or high reactance type, which have no movable adjustable feature.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 295 through 298for control systems in general which include resistors
as the controlling element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Subject matter in which means are provided for short circuiting
the resistor in whole or in substantial part by a conductor of negligible
resistance.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 83 , for generation systems in which means are provided
for short-circuiting the field circuit resistors.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 295 through 298, for control systems in general which include short
circuited resistors as the controlling element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 515. Subject matter in which means are provided for short circuiting
different sections or portions of the resistor at different times
(i.e., without going through all intermediate and infinitesimal
values of resistance).
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 85 for generator field circuit control by means of
resistors with means to short circuit the resistors step by step.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 297 for control systems in general which include resistors
which are short circuited step by step as the controlling element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter in which means are provided for making and/or
breaking the armature or primary circuit of the motor.
(1)
Note. See Circuit Making and/or Breaking Device
of the class definition for the definition of "circuit
making and/or breaking" as used in this class.
for plural motor systems having starting and or
stopping means for the motor which comprise mainly circuit making
and or breaking of the armature or primary circuit of the motor.
for automatic starting and or stopping of a motor
combined with some other motor operation control, wherein the starting
and stopping is generally effected by armature or primary circuit
making and or breaking.
for motor braking systems by means of "plugging" (i.e.,
application of reverse power to a forwardly running motor) in which
the armature or primary circuit is opened substantially at the moment
that the motor reaches zero speed.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 96 for intermittent regulatory interruption of an
electrical system, and subclass 112 for switching systems.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes,
subclasses 72 through 74for switch controlled motor circuits in electric motor
feeding mechanisms for discharge electrodes.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or
Discharging, appropriate subclass for a battery or condenser charging
or discharging system that includes circuit making or breaking.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 139+ for relay circuits in which an electric circuit
is generally made and/or broken and for electron magnetic
switching systems in general.
This subclass is indented under subclass 519. Subject matter in which the circuit making and/or
breaking means are provided with electromagnetically operating means
for operating the circuit making and/or breaking means.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
(1) the electric circuit which is connected to the magnetic-flux
producing means of the motor, or (2) the electric circuit which
is connected to the secondary (i.e., induced) member of an alternating
current motor.
for plural motor systems having means for controlling
the speed of one or more electric motors relative to the speed of
one or more other electric motors by controlling the field or secondary
circuit of one or more of the motors.
for plural motor systems having means for controlling
the speed of two or more electric motors by controlling the field
or secondary circuits of the motors.
for braking systems in plural motor systems in which
one or more of the motors are converted into exciters for supplying
field excitation to the remaining motors during the braking period.
for plural motor systems having means for controlling
the field or secondary circuit of one or more electric motors for
controlling the acceleration of two or more motors.
for plural motor systems having field or secondary
circuit control of the motors to effect a fixed or predetermined
ratio of load or current division between the motors.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of those subclasses for synchronous motor systems in
which means are provided for controlling the field circuit of the motor.
for motor systems in which the motor is connected
to run as a series motor and in which substantially all circuit control
affects the field excitation.
Electricity: Motor Control Systems,
subclasses 801+ and 826+ for single motor running-speed
control systems; and subclasses 843 and 849+ for single
motor acceleration control systems; wherein the energization of
a field winding, or of both a field winding and an armature winding,
is controlled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 521. Subject matter in which the motor is provided with two or
more field-producing windings one or more of which are different
structurally, connected differently, or controlled differently or
by different means, than one or more others of the motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Subject matter in which means are provided for establishing
one number of field poles at one time and another number at another
time (e.g., 4-pole and 6-poles).
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Subject matter in which means are provided for energizing
one or more field producing windings, turns, or conductors, so as
to produce a magnetic field in one direction in a magnetic path,
and for energizing one or more other windings, turns, or conductors
so as to produce a magnetic field in the opposite direction in the same
magnetic path either at the same time or at different times.
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
the several field windings or conductors in series-circuit relationship
with respect to each other at one time and in parallel-circuit relationship
with respect to each other at another time, or for connecting two
or more of the windings in series circuit relationship and two or
more windings in parallel circuit relationship with respect to each
other all at the same time.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for motor systems having means for connecting plural armature or
primary circuit windings of a motor in series-parallel circuit relationships.
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Subject matter in which means are provided for connecting
one or more of the field windings in series with the armature or
primary circuit of the motor.
for alternating-current commutating motors wherein
it is common to have a field winding connected in series with the
armature or primary circuit of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Subject matter in which means are provided for short circuiting
a field winding in whole or in part with a conductor of substantially
negligible resistance.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for motor systems having means for short-circuiting an armature
or primary winding in whole or in part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Subject matter in which means are provided for energizing
one or more of the field windings or conductors without energizing
one or more others.
(1)
Note. The means may be operative at times to also energize
all of the windings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 521. Subject matter in which there are provided two or more sources
of voltage for the motor field circuit, one or more of such sources
being different structurally, differently connected or differently
controlled than one or more others of the sources.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for motor systems, in which the armature or primary circuit of the
motor is provided with two or more sources of supply.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 86 for generator systems wherein two or more voltage sources
are provided for the field circuit of the generator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 521. Subject matter in which means are provided for tapping or
otherwise varying the active length of a field winding.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 71 for generator control systems in which means are
provided for tapping or otherwise varying the effective length of
the generator field winding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 521. Subject matter in which the principal electrodes (e.g.,
cathode and anode) of a space-discharge device is connected to the
field winding circuit of an electric motor.
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for motor systems having space-discharge devices in the armature
or primary circuit of the electric motor.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses for means for controlling
and supplying electric energy to gas-filled space-discharge devices,
per se.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 72 for generator systems having the generator field
circuit controlled by means of space discharge devices.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous control
circuits wherein a space discharge device is the controlling element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Subject matter in which two or more impedances are provided
in the field circuit; one or more of which are structurally different
or are differently controlled or controlled by means which are different
with respect to each other, than one or more others of the impedances.
and the subclasses specified in Notes thereto, for
motor systems having the armature or primary circuit controlled by
means of plural impedance devices.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 220 through 354for miscellaneous load control by means of impedance
devices including plural impedances.
This subclass is indented under subclass 534. Subject matter in which the several impedances are connected
in a Wheatstone bridge (i.e., four-arm) arrangement with respect
to each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 521. Subject matter in which means are provided for physically
making and/or breaking the field circuit of the motor.
(1)
Note. See Circuit Making and/or Breaking Device,
of the class definition for a definition of "Circuit making
and breaking".
and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto,
for motor systems having means for making and/or breaking the
armature or primary circuit of the electric motor.
for motor systems where the motor has a plurality
of field windings and means are provided for selectively energizing
the field windings thereby generally necessitating the making and/or
breaking of the circuit to one or more of the windings.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 69 for generator systems having means for making and/or breaking
the field circuit of an electric generator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 536. Subject matter in which means are provided for making and
breaking the circuit intermittently or repetitiously.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 96 for intermittent regulatory interruption of an
electrical system, and subclass 132 for periodically or repetitiously
making and breaking an electric circuit.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 70 for generator systems having periodic or repetitious circuit
making and/or breaking of the field circuit of an electric
generator.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which means are provided for relatively
moving one or more structural elements of a motor relative to one
or more other structural elements of an electric motor.
(1)
Note. Mere motion of the working element of the motor relative
to other parts of the motor as a result of normal excitation of
the motor during the normal working cycle thereof are not included herein.
(2)
Note. Where a motor having one type of normal working motion
(e.g., rotary) also has another type of motion (e.g., axial movement)
for producing some useful external work (e.g., operating a clutch
lever to clutch the motor to some work load, but wherein the clutch
is not claimed, but the several types of motions of the motor are
claimed), classification is not herein but in some other appropriate
subclass. See subclass 115. However, where a motor having one
type of useful work motion, also has another type of movement of
the working element for regulatory or control purposes for the motor,
classification is in this subclass (538).
and the subclasses specified in the Notes to the
definition of that subclass for motor systems having means for biassing
the rotary working element of the motor against angular movement.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 49 for generator systems which are controlled by adjusting
or varying the magnetic structure of the generator; see subclass
54 for generator systems wherein the generator control involves
the current collecting mechanism.
Electricity: Motor Control Systems,
subclasses 835+ for single motor running-speed control systems
having combined control of motor structure and motor circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter in which means are provided for moving or
permitting to move, both the armature or primary member of the motor
and the field or secondary member of the motor.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 115 for structure of a motor in which both the field
and armature are incorporated in separate rotary elements.
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter in which means are provided for relatively
moving the rotor element axially (i.e., along the axis about which
the motor revolves) with respect to the remainder of the motor structure.
for motor systems having a motor having plural,
diverse types of motion which commonly include axial movement. See
(2) Note to the definition of subclass 538 for the distinction between
the subclass and subclass 115.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 51 for generator systems wherein the generator is
controlled by moving or adjusting the rotor element axially.
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter in which means are provided for moving or
adjusting the brushes or other current-collector or current-transfer
means of the motor.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 229 for dynamoelectric devices in which a current collecting brush
is caused to traverse across the surface of the cooperating collector element
transverse to the direction of motion therebetween; subclass 230 for
current collecting brushes which are circumferentially adjusted
upon the reversal of direction of motion of a dynamoelectric device;
subclass 241 for means for circumferentially adjusting normally
fixed brush holders.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 54 for generator systems having generator control
by means of movable or adjustable brushes particularly subclass
55 wherein the brushes are movable or adjustable circumferentially.
This subclass is indented under subclass 541. Subject matter in which means are provided for moving the
brush or other current-collector or current-transfer means toward
or away from its cooperating part.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes means for completely separating
the brushes, etc., from the cooperating part and means for merely
varying or changing the contact pressure therebetween.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the electric motor is controlled
or regulated by a controller having three or more definite positions
of control in which the degree or magnitude or kind of control at
any one position differs substantially from that which is obtained
when the controller is in either of at least two of the other positions.
Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets,
subclass 106 for electromagnetically operated switches of the
plural contact type.
Electrical Resistors,
subclass 68 for mechanically variable electrical resistors,
and especially subclass 185 for mechanically variable electrical
resistors having intervening connectors between the contact and
resistance element (e.g., taps) so that the resistance value changes
in steps.
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter in which a three-or-more-position controller
is combined with some other motor control device between which there
is some particular inter-relationship; such as, for example, a predetermined
sequence of operation, a mechanical or electrical interlock, etc.
and 255, for plural diverse motor operations control
systems in which it is common to have a three-or-more-position controller
combined with some other controller wherein each controller effects
a different motor operation, see subclass 53 for plural motor systems
and subclass 255 for miscellaneous motor systems.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 471 and 479.01 for miscellaneous control lever and
linkage systems having plural controlled elements or plural controlling
elements, respectively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Subject matter in which the three-or-more-position controller
is combined with a main line or armature or primary circuit switch.
264, 272, 275, and 277 for plural diverse motor
operations control systems which include automatic starting and/or
stopping which is usually effected by circuit maker and breaker in
the main line circuit to the motor, see subclass
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter in which two or more three-or-more-position
controllers are provided for controlling one or more motors, one
of the controllers being different structurally or being differently
controlled than another of the controllers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 546. Subject matter in which a plurality of means are provided
for controlling the motor controllers, which means are positioned
physically apart so as to constitute two stations or locations from
which the operation of the controllers may be controlled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter in which a plurality of means are provided
for controlling the operation of a three-or-more-position motor
controller, which means are positioned physically apart so as to constitute
a plurality of stations or locations from which the operation of
the controllers may be controlled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter in which means are provided for returning
the controller, or which make it necessary that the controller be
returned, substantially completely or fully to the "off", "starting",
or "neutral" position after having been operated
or started from such positions in a previous operation before it
can become effective in controlling a subsequent motor operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 549. Subject matter in which motive power means are provided
for operating the three-or-more-position controller through part
or all of its path of travel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter in which means are provided for operating
the three-or-more-position controllers by knee or by foot of the
operator.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 512 and 515 and the subclasses specified in the notes
thereto, for miscellaneous foot-and-knee-operated control levers
and linkages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter in which motive power means are provided
for operating the three-or-more-position motor controller through
all or part of its path of travel.
for this subject matter where the power operated
controller is provided with means for returning or necessitating
that the controller be returned to its "off", "starting",
or "neutral" position.
Power Plants, and 185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, and
the classes and subclasses specified in the notes to these classes,
for the structure of the power actuating means, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter in which the three-or-more-position controller
is provided with two or more sets or pairs of electrical contacts
with separate or individual actuators for each set or pair of contacts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Subject matter in which one or more of the actuating means
for the sets or pairs of contacts are electromagnets (including
electric motors).
and the subclasses specified in the notes thereto,
for other motor systems having electromagnetic actuating means for
three-or-more-position motor controllers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Subject matter in which the electromagnetic actuating means
comprise an electromagnetic means having a reciprocating or oscillating type
of motor for its operating or working member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Subject matter in which the electromagnetic actuating means
is a motor having an intermittent or step-by-step movement in a
single direction of operation.
for this subject matter where the motor for actuating
the controller is a reciprocating or oscillating electromagnetic
means (including electric motors).
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a system which maintains a prescribed
relationship between the position of a member or a function of the
position and the value of a arbitrarily varied command signal by
detecting an error between the actual position of the member or the
actual value of the function of the position and the position or
value commanded by the signal and controlling a motor of the servo
system in response to the detected error.
(1)
Note. From the definition set forth above, it is obvious
the systems classified hereinunder are feedback control systems
in which the directly controlled variable is mechanical position
and the terminology employed will generally be that encountered
in the feedback control art. Such feedback controlled mechanically
positioning systems are also known as servo control or servomechanisms.
(2)
Note. Since Class 318 takes, under the class definition only
electric motor control systems, then a search, in order to be complete,
must in appropriate situations extend to Class 33, Class 77, Class
91, Class 235, Class 244, Class 250, Class 307, Class 310, Class
327, Class 329, Class 330, Class 340, Class 346, Class 361, and
Class 409.
(3)
Note. If a servo system is presented which only discloses
fluid motors and the claims are broad enough to cover either fluid
or electric motors, the appropriate fluid motor class accepts the
application. If the same type system is presented in which it is
disclosed that the motor may be either fluid or electric, Class
318 accepts the application.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications,
subclasses 1 through 89for generic data processing control systems, subclasses
90-306 for control systems which are limited by the claims to a particular
process or have a specific utility, and subclasses 245-264 for robot
control. See the search class note in the class definition of this class
(318).
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which the system may include means to
measure or evaluate its own performance and automatically adjust
one or more of its parameters in response to a change in internal
or external environmental conditions, or where the system has been
initially designed for optimum performance such as a bang-bang servo.
(1)
Note. For example, an output from the system may be compared
with the output from a desired response model or computer and the
error produced employed to adjust the system gain.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which the system includes at least one
element or one data-transmission link common to two or more servo
loops and include in each of the loop on either a time sharing or
multiplexing basis.
(1)
Note. Included herein are systems in which a single computer
provides command signals for two or more servo systems on a time
sharing basis.
Communication: Electrical,
subclasses 825+ for communications systems in which a lesser number
of communication lines control plural remote devices, and subclasses 870.13+ for
time division telemetering of plural transmitters.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 326+ for electrical transmission or interconnection
systems with fail safe or protection features.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications,
subclasses 79 through 82for protective or reliability features in combination
with a data processing control system.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
subclasses 1+ for reliability and availability, fault recovery,
locating, and avoidance in digital data processing systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 563. Subject matter in which the system includes a plurality
of channels arranged such that should a failure occur in one channel,
operation of the system is maintained by the remaining channel or
channels.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 407+ for miscellaneous gating circuits having plural
inputs and a single output and subclasses 415+ for miscellaneous
gating circuits having a single input and plural outputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 563. Subject matter in which the system includes one or more
elements whose sole function is to test or monitor the performance
of similar elements in the servo loop and to disable the servo upon
a failure of one of the similar elements.
(1)
Note. For example, a system operating in response to the
amplified output of a first gyro may be provided with a second gyro
and amplifier, which first gyro system is disabled when the output
from the second amplifier differs substantially from the system
output.
This subclass is indented under subclass 563. Subject matter in which means are provided for limiting
the response of the system to excessive or large error signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter having means whereby the command signal for
the system is varied in response to a predetermined program or pattern thereby
establishing a predetermined pattern or schedule for the positions
of the controlled member.
Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planning,
subclasses 2+ , 79+, 245+, and 289+ for
a gear cutting, milling, or planning machine adapted to operate
in response to a pattern or program.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications,
subclasses 56 through 66and 159-195, respectively, for generic digital positioning
control or machining data processing; see the search class note in
the class definition of this Class 318.
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Subject matter including means for initially producing the
program of control instructions to which the system subsequently
responds.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.1. Subject matter wherein the system is a reprogrammable multifunction
manipulator designed to move devices through variable programmed
motions for the performance of changeable tasks on a repetitive
basis without human intervention.
(1)
Note. A robot usually has an arm (elongated appendage) which
normally has three or more degrees of freedom.
(2)
Note. A robot must be reprogrammable to perform a variety
of different tasks. Thus, a numerically controlled machine tool,
which may have an arm, but which is designed to perform only a fixed
set of tasks, is not a robot.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject matter in which the robot includes a base which
is moveable without restraint under the control of a programmable guidance
system.
(1)
Note. A robot with a base which is guided for movement along
a track so that the base must follow the track is not considered
to be a mobile robot.
Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planning,
subclasses 2+ , 79+, 245+, and 289+ for
a gear cutting, milling, or planning machine adapted to operate
in response to a pattern or program.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject matter including methods of instructing or programming
the robot to perform the steps of a desired sequence of manipulations.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.13. Subject matter wherein the robot is "taught" the
steps of a desired sequence of manipulations by actual performance
of the steps while the robot"s control system is in a memory
mode, with the robot subsequently performing the memorized sequence
without human intervention.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes stepping the robot through a
desired sequence of motions under keyboard control while the outputs
of detectors associated with the joints of the robot"s
arm are recorded.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject matter in which the motion of the robot is defined
by a plurality of discrete points along the path to be followed
and a means is provided for generating continuous motion between
the points.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.17. Subject matter wherein one of the modes of control is control
of velocity (including acceleration and deceleration).
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject matter in which a transformation is made either
(a), from one coordinate system to another (e.g., spherical polar
coordinates to cartesian coordinates), or (b) from one reference
frame to another (e.g., a reference frame associated with an "end
effector" to a reference frame associated with the base
of the robot).
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject matter in which (a) plural robots interact, (b)
a robot interacts with a numerically controlled machine tool or
conveyor, or (c) plural computers interact in the control of a single
robot.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.2. Subject matter including a device, usually attached to the
robot arm, which extends the capability of the robot by one or more
degrees of freedom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject matter in which provision is made for improving
the performance of a robot by applying a correction to a control
instruction to compensate for a predictable inaccuracy in the positioning
of the robot.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.22. Subject matter wherein the correction is applied by modifying
the control program so that future repetitions of the robot"s
actions are precompensated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject matter in which means are provided for monitoring
the performance of the robot and appropriate actions are taken in
the event a fault is detected.
(1)
Note. Fault response reactions include: (a) sounding an
alarm, or otherwise alerting a human operator, (b) interrupting
the action of the robot (shut down), or (c) selecting an alternate
program path or device to circumvent the fault producing program
step or device (redundant system).
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.24. Subject matter including means for displaying information
relevant to locating and diagnosing faults in the robot or its control
system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter including digital or numerical systems wherein
the control system programming means utilizes numerical values,
digital signals or coded pulses corresponding to desired positions
of the control. Usually these numerical or digital signals are
recorded on punched cards, punched tapes, magnetic tapes, or optical
tapes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 569. Subject matter in which motion of a member along two or
more axes is controlled simultaneously to provide a continuous predetermined path
along which the member is directed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter in which means are provided for controlling
the tangential velocity of the member along the path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter in which means are provided for (1) varying
the reference points from which the coordinates of the system are
measured or (2) compensating the system for variation in the diameter
of the tool, such compensation being precalculated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter in which the input data is represented by
a plurality of discrete points along the path to be followed and
the system includes means to interpolate between the points so that the
ultimate servo command is a smoothly varying function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 569. Subject matter in which the system programming means directs
a member to move from a first point having a first set or coordinates
to a second point having a second set of coordinates and in which
the path taken by the member between points is not a material consideration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter wherein the program input is a pattern in
analog form, and means responsive thereto being used to position
a member along one or more axes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 575. Subject matter in which the pattern to be followed is provided
by a line, seam, or edge and the pattern follower is non-mechanical.
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclass 20 for systems wherein the material advanced is maintained
in a predetermined path by photoelectric control.
This subclass is indented under subclass 575. Subject matter in which the system controlled makes a plurality
of passes of ever increasing precision.
(1)
Note. For example, a patterned controlled machine tool which
make a rough cut and ultimately a finish cut with as many intermediate
cuts as are necessary.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which the servomechanism guides a vehicle
about a single axis, wherein the novelty is chiefly in the servomechanism and
not in the guidance system.
(1)
Note. The systems classified hereunder specifically exclude
multiple axes vehicle guidance systems, which systems are classified
in Class 244, Aeronautics, subclass 77, which subclass is the generic
place for steering of dirigible craft in two or three dimensions
by electrical means. See particularly (2) Note of Class 244, subclass
77, as to the line between subclass 77 and the other motor and vehicle
classes.
Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 167+ for a motor vehicle provided with means for controlling
its operation responsive to electromagnetic radiation, magnetic
force, or sound waves received from a source, or reflected from
an object or surface, which is located apart from the vehicle; and subclass
79.1 for a motor vehicle having a steering gear of the electric power
assist type.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 825.69 and 825.72 are the generic subclasses for the control
of apparatus and devices at a distance by means of radio wave energy.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation),
subclasses 385+ for directive beacons used in radio guidance.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation),
subclasses 410+ for radio wave beacons which provide a glide path.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications,
subclasses 75 through 77for data processing control systems which include
multiple modes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Subject matter in which the servomechanism includes features
to provided for smooth transition from one operating mode to the
next.
(1)
Note. For example, a servo control system for shifting from
manual control to automatic control or vice-versa which includes
means to prevent the changeover until the servo error signal shaft
would be negligible.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 64+ , 85+, and 125+ for electrical
interconnection systems with means to connect or disconnect responsive
to various electrical conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Subject matter in which a plurality of position error detectors,
one for each operating mode, are provided. The first of these position
error detectors provides a coarse signal which is indicative of
the rough or approximate final position. When the "coarse" position
is approached, the "fine" position error detectors successively
take over and precisely direct the servo to it final position.
Complete servo control is thus realized at all time.
(1)
Note. The servo systems classified herein differ from the "slewing" systems in
subclass 597, in that the error signal maintains full control of
the servo during the "coarse" positioning mode;
whereas in the "slewing" control mode, control by
the error signal is lost.
This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Subject matter in which the position error detectors for
each mode are synchros. A synchro is a rotary position sensing
transformer. The different speeds are usually obtained by use of
a gear train.
for "self-synchronous" motor controls in
which the receivers are selsyn motors. A selsyn motor is a device similar
to a synchro but which produces torque.
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Subject matter in which the servo system includes means
responsive to the error signal to operate the servo full on or completely
off until a desires position operating range is attained at which
point a proportional control means assumes control to bring the
servo to a predetermined final position.
(1)
Note. This subclass also includes systems in which during
the "on-off" mode, the power may be periodically
switched on and off.
(2)
Note. The servo systems classified herein differ from the "slewing" systems elsewhere
(see search notes below) in that the error signal maintains full
control of the servo during both "on-off" and
proportional control modes, whereas in a slewing control system
control by the error signal is lost.
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Subject matter in which the servo system, includes means
which, in response to a predetermined type of error signal saturates
and applies maximum power to the servo motor. During this mode
of operation, the error signal loses control of the servo motor
which runs at maximum rate toward its ultimate position. This mode
is defined as the "slewing" mode. Means are provided
whereby the error signal regains control under the proper conditions.
for "band-bang" servos which are somewhat
similar to slewing systems except that the end position is continuously
predicted and thus the error signal does not lose control.
This subclass is indented under subclass 597. Subject matter in which a separate "slewing" motor
is provided when the system operates in the "slewing" mode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 580. Subject matter in which electric power pulses of fixed magnitude
and variable width are periodically applied and removed from the
servo motor. The variation in width is in accordance with the servo
error signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which the command signal is digital or
numerical. A digital or numerical command is one which is composed
of one or more discrete symbols which may form a code. These symbols
may take the form of any of the following examples: (1) The presence
or absence of a discrete value of electrical voltage or current;
(2) The presence or absence of a perforated hole in a tape or card;
(3) The presence or absence of a discrete mechanical movement; (4)
The making or breaking of an electrical switch. The above examples
are not exclusive but merely representative.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications,
subclasses 1 through 89for generic data processing control systems, subclasses
90-306 for control systems which are limited by the claims to a particular
process or have a specific utility, and subclasses 245-264 for robot
control. See the search class note in the class definition of this class
(318).
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter in which the system error signal is obtained
by comparison of the digital command signal with a position feedback signal which is also in digital form.
Included herein are systems in which the position feedback includes
an analog to digital converter for generating the feedback in digital
form.
This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Subject matter in which the digital position feedback is
obtained from a commutating switch encoder, which encoder usually
converts position information of analogue to digital form.
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter in which a counting means acts as the comparator
between the command signal and the position signal.
(1)
Note. For example: If the member is to be positioned a certain
increment from its present position, the command signal introduces
a count into the counting means which is proportional to the distance
to be moved, an error signal is generated which causes the member
to move toward its final position, a feedback position indicator
causes the counting-means to count back toward zero; and upon reaching
zero the member is properly positioned, the error signal is no longer
generated and the system waits for the next command.
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter in which the digital command signal is converted
to an analog signal which is compared with an analog position signal
to form the system error signal.
(1)
Note. Included herein are systems which feature specific
digital to analog converters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 604. Subject matter in which the analog comparison is by means
of a synchro or resolver system. A synchro is a rotary transformer
used for the instantaneous electrical transmission or reception
of the angular position data of rotating parts. A resolver is a
rotary transformer for resolving a vector into two mutually perpendicular
components, such as translating error angle into electrical information
corresponding to sine and cosine of rotor angle.
(1)
Note. Included herein are systems in which the synchro or
resolver transmitter is simulated by the digital to analog converter.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 1+ for electric hybrid computers, and subclasses 270+ for
digital function generation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which modulator means are provided wherein
the command signal or feedback signal either frequency modulates,
or phase modulates a system carrier. The system carrier is a wave
suitable for being modulated to transmit intelligence. The modulation
represents the information, and the original wave is used only as
the carrier of the modulation. Combinations of phase and frequency
modulation are commonly referred to as frequency modulation.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 870.18 , 870.25, and 870.26 for frequency or phase modulated
telemetering systems and subclass 351, for code transmitters in
which the frequency of the carrier is modulated in accordance with
the code.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar Navigation),
subclasses 128+ , 134+, 200+, and 202 for radio
wave communications.
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Subject matter in which the system includes a reference
signal of the same frequency as the carrier frequency which is used
with means to compare it with the modulated signal to obtain the
modulating wave.
for servo systems in which the novelty lies in the
detector which may be an F M detector. Also subclass 318, for motor
speed control by electrical frequency difference type detector.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclass 42 for miscellaneous frequency comparison between
a fixed frequency signal and a variable frequency signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Subject matter in which the system includes a reference
signal of the same frequency as the carrier frequency and of a fixed
phase which is used with means to compare it with the phase modulated
signal to obtain the modulating wave.
for servo systems with particular phase sensitive
discriminators. Also, subclass 314, for motor speed control with
electrical phase difference type detectors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which two error detectors are provided:
One which detects the instantaneous positional errors and attempts
to immediately correct for them. This detector contributes what
is termed "proportional" control to the system.
The second error detector senses the instantaneous position with
respect to the long term average position. This detector contributes
what is a termed "reset" or "integral" control
to the system. The two signals are summed to provide a composite
system error signal.
(1)
Note. In the systems classified herein, the "reset" or "integral" control
is provided to increase long term system stability and it is really
a special form of "lag" circuit. A "lag" circuit
is any electrical circuit which integrates.
(2)
Note. Systems of this nature may control any type or process
such as temperature control, fluid flow, a chemical condition, mixtures,
etc., as a result the art is widely scattered.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 518+ for miscellaneous control circuits which may include reset
features.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications,
subclasses 1 through 89for computer controlled manufacturing process controllers
which may include reset features.
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Subject matter in which a third error detector is provided
which detects the rate of change of the position and contributes
what is termed a "rate" or "differential" control
to the system. This rate signal is also summed with the two previous
signal to provided a composite system error signal.
(1)
Note. In the systems classified herein, the "rate" or "differential" control
is provided to increase short system stability and is really a special
form or a "leaf" circuit. A "lead" circuit
is any electrical circuit which differentiates.
(2)
Note. In the systems classified herein, the "rate" or "differential" control
is often provided to prevent "reset windup". "Reset
windup" is an art term which means that the system is unstable when
subjected to quickly changing error signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which the system includes stabilizing
means which prevents hunting and minimizes overshooting of the commanded position.
(1)
Note. Hunting is a condition of instability in a feedback
control device which is essentially an uncontrolled oscillation due
to insufficient feedback, improper phase shift or underdamping.
The oscillations cause the positioned element to swing about its
commanded position without stopping at the position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Subject matter in which the stabilizing means is by electrical
means such as dynamic braking of the servo motors as the system
approaches balance. Dynamic braking is forcing the motor to act
as a generator which thus absorbs its rotational energy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Subject matter in which dynamic braking is achieved by introducing
DC into the windings of an AC servo motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Subject matter in which the stabilizing means employees
a separate auxiliary feedback loop in addition to the positional
feedback loop.
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter in which the auxiliary feedback loop senses
the rate of positioning and introduces a signal proportional to
the rate into the servo loop to reduce the magnitude of the servo error
signal as the final position is approached.
(1)
Note. For example, the counter E. M. F. of the servo motor
can be measured to obtain the rate signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 616. Subject matter in which the rate sensing circuit is made
variable to further enhance the stabilizing effect.
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Subject matter in which the stabilizing means is a means
for changing the gain of the servo loop of its bandwidth. The bandwidth
is the upper and lower limit of frequencies to which the servo will
respond.
(1)
Note. For example, the variable gain element in the loop
may be used to make the loop less sensitive to large error signals
with means to increase the gain as balance is achieved.
(2)
Note. For example, the bandwidth may be made variable so
the loop is made more or less sensitive to certain frequency components
which are present in the command signal.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous nonlinear circuits
and particularly
subclasses 334+ for an output signal which is a nonlinear mathematical
function of an input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Subject matter in which the stabilizing means is a lead
or lag circuit or a combination of both. A "lead" circuit
is defined as a circuit whose output voltage leads the input voltage
over a certain range of frequencies. Sometimes it may be referred
to as an "integrating" circuit.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclass 335 for miscellaneous differentiating circuits and
subclasses 336+ for miscellaneous integrating circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 621. Subject matter in which the lead and lag circuit is adapted
for use in an AC servo loop.
(1)
Note. Since many lead and lag circuits will only operate
on DC Voltages, the systems classified herein may include: Means
to demodulate the AC signals in an AC servo loop, passing the demodulated
signal through the lead or lag circuit, and then remodulating the
resultant signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Subject matter in which the stabilizing means is a load
stabilizer where the positioned load may have appreciable inertia.
(1)
Note. For example, the load stabilizer may be a viscous,
magnetic or friction damper.
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Subject matter in which the stabilizing means is a deadband
in the servo loop which requires the servo error signal to be of
a predetermined threshold magnitude before any control takes place.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which means are provided to prevent the
servo loop from driving the positioned member beyond predetermined
limits.
(1)
Note. Included herein are synchro systems which include means
to prevent a synchro from locking onto a balance point which is
180° out of phase with the proper balance point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which the servo system is a "Feelback" system. "Feelback" is
that characteristic of a servo system in which the servo system
does not apply all the force required in positioning the member,
but is a manual assist device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which means are provided to eliminate
from any of the servo loop signals an unwanted harmonic, an undesirable
voltage component, or a quadrature component.
(1)
Note. For example, an unwanted harmonic may be eliminated
by the use of filtering.
(2)
Note. For example, an undesirable voltage or quadrature signal
may be bucked out of the system by introducing a signal of equal
but opposite magnitude.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclass 549 for miscellaneous circuits with hum or interaction
prevention and subclasses 551+ for miscellaneous unwanted
signal elimination.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which some means to prevent "backlash" is
provided to increase the accuracy of the positioned member. "Backlash" is
an inherent inaccuracy more or less present in ever mechanical device
caused by the "give" between parts. Backlash
is also present in electrical components. Included herein are systems which
do not specifically recite the term "backlash" but
effectively compensate for it by always approaching balance from
the same direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which means are provided to eliminate
static friction. Static friction is usually higher than running
friction and has a deleterious effect on servo performance.
(1)
Note. For example, by applying a low magnitude AC signal
to the motor at all times, the rotor of the motor continuously vibrates
at null to eliminate the static friction. The application of an
AC signal is termed using a "Dither" voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which a compensating means is provided
to improve servo performance.
(1)
Note. For example, velocity compensation may be introduced
into the servo loop to decrease the magnitude of the servo error
signal and thus increase the ability of the servomechanism to correctly
follow the command signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which the compensating means compensates
for "Two cycle error". "Two cycle error" is
that characteristic of a position sensing device, usually caused
by finite mechanical tolerances, which causes the device to exhibit
a non-random error during each cycle of operation which repeats
itself twice.
(1)
Note. For example, the rotor of a synchro, because of mechanical
limitation, will wobble minutely back and forth during 360 of rotation
and cause a "Two cycle error".
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which means are provided to limit the
magnitude of a servo signal, or some voltage or current in the servo
system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which a servo signal is not continuously
measured, but is periodically sampled at a rate high enough so that
there are no deleterious effects on servo performance. Also included
herein are that class of servomechanisms termed "sample
data" control systems.
(1)
Note. Not included herein are systems in which the DC signal
is converted into an equivalent AC signal by means of a "chopper" or
a modulator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which included in the system is same form
of analog computation. In other words, a mathematical problem solving
servomechanism.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 1+ and 800+, respectively, for electric hybrid
computers or analog computers which may include analog circuits employing
servomechanisms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which a particular error detecting means
is provided. An error detector is a device which compares the command
signal with the feedback signal and produces an error signal related
to the difference between these signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Subject matter in which the error detector is a radiant
energy photoelectric or optical measuring instrument.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 612+ for electrical communication systems automatically
responsive to the level of a fluent or pulverized material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Subject matter in which the error detecting means is an
inertial, direction, or inclination measuring instrument.
This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Subject matter in which the error detecting means is a current,
voltage or electrical power measuring instrument.
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Subject matter in which the particular position measuring
instrument is a synchro. A synchro is a rotary transformer used
for the instantaneous electrical transmission or reception of angular
position data of rotating parts. Included herein are systems in
which both the command signal and the feedback position signal are
obtained from synchros.
This subclass is indented under subclass 654. Subject matter in which a differential synchro circuit is
used. A differential synchro is a synchro in which both the stator
and the rotor are relatively rotatable with respect to fixed reference,
and the angular positional data obtained from such a device in the
sum or difference of the two rotations.
Subject matter under subclasses 652 in which the particular
position measuring instrument is a differential transformer. A differential
transformer is a position indicating transformer with at least one
primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings, the secondary
windings are in bucking or aiding relationship. Some portion of
the magnetic circuit of the transformer will affect the coupling
of the secondary windings in responses to position and the secondary
windings will give a voltage indication of the position sensed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Subject matter in which the differential transformer is
the linear type. Included herein are relatively movable core and
coil type linear differential transformers. A linear differential transformer
is one in which the coils and core are physically arranged on line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Subject matter in which the differential transformer is
of the "E" type. An "E" type
differential transformer is one in which the magnetic structure
takes the form of an E.
This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Subject matter in which the differential transformer is
a "Microsyn" type. A microsyn is a rotary type
differential transformer in which the coils and core are relatively
angularly movable.
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Subject matter in which the particular position measuring
instrument is an "Inductosyn". An "Inductosyn" is
a rotary or linear synchro-like device in which the rotor and stator
windings move relative to each other in parallel planes. Included
herein are devices in which the rotor and stator windings are printed
circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Subject matter in which the particular position measuring
instrument is a resolver. A resolver is a rotary transformer which
has two phase windings on either or both the rotor and stator and
may be used for resolving a vector into two mutually perpendicular
components, such as translating rotor angle into electrical information
corresponding to the sine and cosine of rotor angle. A resolver
may also be considered as a two phase synchro.
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Subject matter in which the particular position measuring
instrument is a potentiometer. A potentiometer is any voltage dividing
circuit. Included herein are systems using autotransformers as
A C potentiometers. Also included herein are systems in which the
command signal is introduced by one half of a Wheatstone bridge
and the feedback potentiometer forms the other half of the bridge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter in which the position measuring potentiometer
is circular and means are provided to sense the minor arc to be
travelled in reaching the commanded position whereby positioning
will be achieved in minimum time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter in which the position measuring potentiometer
is circular and means are provided to allow continuous rotation
of the wiper beyond 360°.
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter in which both the mechanical length of the
potentiometer and the tap are both controllable.
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter in which the feedback loop contains a bridge
circuit which does not necessarily null out when the servo loop
is balanced.
(1)
Note. Excluded from this subclass are potentiometer systems
in which the feedback potentiometer forms one half of a Wheatstone
bridge. See definition of 663, supra.
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Subject matter in which the particular position measuring
instrument is a means for measuring the length of a standing wave.
This means may take the form of a resonator, mechanical or electrical,
dependent upon the type of wave being measured.
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Subject matter in which the particular position measuring
instrument is a means for measuring contact resistance.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter in which the servo system includes a particular
motor control responsive to the actuating signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter in which the discontinuous or "on-off" motor
control is part of a "seeking" switch system.
A "seeking" switch system is one in which the
motor moves the wiper of a multiposition noncoded switch until a
circuit which includes the motor and the switch is found which deenergizes
the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter in which the discontinuous or "on-off" motor
control is controlled by a Wheatstone bridge circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Subject matter in which the transmitter or initiating controller
comprises at least two relatively movable parts one of which is
moved to effect starting of the follow-up motor and the other of
which is actuated by the motor or devices driven thereby in a direction
so as to follow the said one part.
(1)
Note. The following is an illustrative example.
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Subject matter in which means are provided for causing the
follow-up motor to return the transmitter to its normal or original
position at which position the motor is not adapted to run or operate.
(1)
Note. An example of a transmitter returned follow-up arrangement
comprises a differential gearing where in one element is driven
by a control shaft, another element is driven by a controlled motor
and the third element devices a circuit controlling means such as
a switch. When the switch is in the neutral position, the arrangement
is at rest. If the control shaft turns, the third element of the
gearing drives the switch to an operating position to initiate operation
of the motor to drive the second gearing element to drive the third
gearing element to return the switch to neutral. The following
is an illustrative example.
This subclass is indented under subclass 677. Subject matter in which the particular servoamplifier includes
a differential amplifier. A differential amplifier consists of
two amplifying devices in parallel with a one common path (e.g.,
common cathode or common emitter), which senses the difference between
a signal on the control electrode of the first amplifying device
with the signal on the control electrode of the second amplifying
device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 677. Subject matter in which the particular servoamplifier includes
diverse types of amplifiers in the various stages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 677. Subject matter in which the particular servoamplifier is
a rotating amplifier. For example, a generator with plural field
winding which control current, voltage or power output. Included herein
are "Ward-Leonard" control systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Subject matter in which the particular motor control includes
a particular modulator or detector. Included herein are "chopper" systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Subject matter in which the particular motor control is
used to control a "Step-by-step" or stepping motor;
and the servo loop is closed by feeding back a position signal from
the motor shaft back to the servo input.
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Subject matter in which the particular motor control is
used to control a reciprocating or oscillating motor.
(1)
Note. For the definition of a "reciprocating" or "oscillating" motor,
see the class definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Subject matter in which the particular motor control is
used to control a shaded pole motor. A shaded pole motor is a single
phase induction or hysterysis motor where field shifting or distortion
means is provided to determine direction of rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Subject matter in which the particular motor control is
used to control a torque motor. A torque motor is any motor which
may operate in an energized but non-rotating mode primarily, to
provide torsional force to the positioned load.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which a motor acts as a receiver or slave
device with respect to a master or transmitter device. The receiver
motor is termed "self-synchronous" in that it
has the ability to produce torque in direct response to a command
from the transmitter and to position itself in response to the command.
No additional feedback loop or servomotors are included in these
systems.
(1)
Note. In the systems in this and the indented subclasses,
the position or movement of the receiver motor is always substantially
synchronized with the transmitter command.
This subclass is indented under subclass 690. Subject matter which means are provided for receiving a
signal or control energy from the transmitter and delivering to
the receiver motor a signal or control energy, the magnitude or energy
content of which is appreciably greater than that received from
the transmitter.
(1)
Note. This subclass excludes mere voltage or current transformer
systems where the magnitude of either the voltage or current output
is greater than the input voltage or current, but the energy content
at the output is the same or less than the input energy.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous systems
for controlling the output of electrical energy by means of a smaller
quantity of electrical energy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 690. Subject matter in which the transmitter is of the same or
similar structure as its self-synchronous receiver motor.
(1)
Note. Systems classified herein are not to be confused with
synchro transformer systems found in subclass 654, supra. A synchro
transformer is an angular position pickoff device which cannot develop
torque as can self-synchronous motor systems.
(2)
Note. The transmitter and receiver windings of the systems
in this subclass are some times called "selsyn" devices.
(3)
Note. The following is an illustrative example:
This subclass is indented under subclass 690. Subject matter in which the transmitter comprises an impedance
device which is effective to vary the characteristics of the voltage
or current supplied to the receiver device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 690. Subject matter in which the transmitter comprises a dynamo-electric
machine in which the field producing means and the brushes are angularly
adjustable relative to each other and the electrical circuits extending
from the transmitter are connected at the transmitter end thereof
to the commutator brushes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 690. Subject matter in which the transmitter comprises a multiple
contact switch with control circuits extending from the several
contacts and a distributing contactor relatively movable into and
out of contact with the said several contacts.
(1)
Note. The following is an illustrative example.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which a rotary electric motor; of the
type in which the rotary element tends to assume a predetermined
angular position when the motor is continuously energized; indexes
in discrete angular increments of essentially uniform magnitude
as a function of pulse inputs derived from outside the motor.
(1)
Note. The pulses supplied to the motors used in these systems
are not responsive to rotor movement or position.
(2)
Note. Nonstepping space discharge commutated motors are classified
elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the system of supply and/or
control is for a synchronous motor.
(1)
Note. See Synchronous motor of the class definition for the
definition of a "synchronous motor" as used in
this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder.
(2)
Note. Where the frequency or the periodicity of the armature
or primary circuit currents is determined solely by means actuated
by the motor itself, classification is not herein but in some other appropriate
subclass.
(3)
Note. In synchronous motors an energized alternating current
winding produces a rotating electromagnetic field on a first member,
and a fixed polarity magnetic field on a second member is rotatively
movable with respect to the first member. The interaction of the
two magnetic fields produces the rotation of the motor. The alternating
current winding is referred to as the armature or the primary winding,
and when the fixed field is produced by an energized winding, the
energized winding is called the field winding.
(4)
Note. Since synchronous motors are frequently used for phase
or power-factor control purposes either (a) solely for such purposes
by merely being connected to a power circuit with no load device
being connected to the motor and generally, but not necessarily,
having field excitation control means, or (b) for the combined purposes
of phase or power-factor control and for driving useful load devices,
it has been deemed advisable to classify the patents relating to
synchronous motor systems in accordance with the function or functions
performed thereby. Accordingly, synchronous "motor" systems
will be classified on the basis of phase or power-factor control
when the claimed subject matter is limited to such functions and all
other synchronous motor systems will be classified on the basis
of synchronous motors regardless of the disclosure in the respective
specifications. Thus, for example, synchronous "motor" systems will
be classified on the basis of:
A. Phase or Power-Factor Control. When the claimed subject
matter: (1) refers to, or designates, the synchronous motor as:
a. "phase adjusting means", b."phase
modifier", c. "synchronous phase modifier",
d. "synchronous condenser", e. "or any
other means, the title of which definitely signifies that its function
is to control phase or power factor such as, for example, as a f. "synchronous
machine for correcting or modifying the power factor",
or g. "synchronous motor for varying the power factor" which
synchronous motor or machine is not limited to driving or actuating
a useful load device and is connected to an electric circuit or
system which is capable of supplying driving energy to the machine
and which system is susceptible to having its phase or power factor
affected by the machine; (2) refers to, or designates, the synchronous
motor as a."synchronous machine", or b. "synchronous
motor" and limits the motor or machine to being unloaded
and is connected to an appropriate source of energy which is capable of
supplying driving energy thereto which source is susceptible to
having its phase or power factor affected by the machine; (3) refers
to, or designates, the synchronous motor as a."synchronous machine",
or a b. "synchronous motor" and is connected to
an electrical system to which other load or translating devices
or circuits are also connected, none of which other loads, however, being
electric motors or otherwise limited to a particular art device
or load such as, for example, a "lamp", "secondary
battery", "space-discharge device", etc.,
and which synchronous machine or motor is not limited to driving
or actuating a useful mechanical load device, regardless of whether
excitation control means are claimed or not.
B. Synchronous Motor Systems. When the claimed subject matter:
(1) refers to, or designates, the synchronous "motor" as
(a) "synchronous machine", or a (b) "synchronous
motor", and (2) is not included under part "A",
immediately preceding, and (3) is not disclosed solely as a source
of electric energy.
(5)
Note. In this subclass and those indented hereunder, where
the synchronous motor has at least one stationary member and at least
one rotating member movable relative to the stationary member, the
fixed member is called the "stator" and the rotating
member is called the "rotor".
(6)
Note. Methods consistent with the apparatus in this group
of subclasses will be placed with the appropriate apparatus.
(7)
Note. In this subclass are synchronous motor systems which
include both an armature or primary circuit and a direct current
field excitation circuit where changeover from subsynchronous operation
to synchronous operation or vice versa is involved. Also here are
motor systems which do not require a DC field excitation circuit
for synchronous operation but are double fed alternating current
motor systems which operate at one or more synchronous speeds.
for motor systems having a reciprocating or oscillating
motor that operates synchronously with the periodicity of the source
which supplies the electric energy thereto.
for follow-up electric motor systems in which the
motor controlled is a synchronous motor or operates, if at all, at
a speed substantially synchronously with the motion of the transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter wherein the motor includes a motor winding
energized with alternating current by the system of supply and/or
control to form a rotating magnetic field and (a) a rotor member
of high magnetic retentivity which acquires a fixed magnetic field
by induction from the energized winding and is thus attracted to
the rotating field to rotate at the speed of the rotating field
or (b) a rotor member which assumes a position of minimum magnetic
reluctance with respect to the rotating magnetic field and, as a
result of the magnetic field"s rotation, rotates at the
speed of the rotating magnetic field.
and 254.2, for motor systems having a self-commutated
motor in which the rotor tends to assume positions of minimum magnetic
reluctance when energized.
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter which includes means to reduce or eliminate
variations in the speed of the energized synchronous motor from
the synchronous speed.
(1)
Note. Braking to maintain the synchronous motor speed constant
is considered to be "running speed control", see
Motor Braking Control of the general class notes.
for synchronous motor synchronization systems which
includes squirrel cage or other short circuited windings which may
act as antihunting or damping means during running speed operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter which includes means to slow down or stop
the rotation of the energized synchronous motor.
(1)
Note. See the general class notes, Acceleration Control,
for the distinction between braking and deceleration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter which includes an alternating current motor
winding connected to an electric circuit, or a field winding connected
to an electric circuit, or both an alternating current winding and
a field winding each connected to an electric circuit wherein the
electric circuit in each instance includes switching means to change
the number of magnetic poles of the motor winding or windings.
(1)
Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes motors
or subcombinations of motors capable of running at more than one
speed.
for field or secondary control circuits for changing
the number of poles in field windings or secondary motor windings
in running speed control circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter wherein the motor includes an alternating
current winding and a field winding and the system includes an alternating
current circuit connected to the alternating current winding of
the motor to generate a rotating electromagnetic field, means to
rotate the motor near synchronous speed and a circuit connected
to the field winding of the motor to form a direct current magnetic
field when the motor is rotating at near-synchronous speed so that
the direct current field being attracted to the rotating magnetic
field of the motor will rotate the motor at the speed of the rotating field.
(1)
Note. As used in this subclass group, the term "synchronization" refers
to the changing over of the operation of the synchronous motor from
mechanical rotation by any means to rotation by the rotating magnetic
field of the motor at the speed of the rotating field.
for synchronous motor systems which may include
the primary or armature motor circuit and the field excitation circuit
where synchronization is not claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter wherein the system includes an alternating
current circuit having a switching means to apply ac power to the
AC winding of the motor and means responsive to some condition of
the energized motor related to the operation of the motor at subsynchronous
speed to control the switching means to de-energize the ac winding
of the motor upon failure of the motor to achieve or maintain rotation
at the speed of the rotating magnetic field.
and the subclasses specified in the notes thereto
for automatic control of other electric motors including automatic
starting and/or stopping of electric motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 706. Subject matter which includes a second switching means in
the circuit connected to the field winding, the means responsive
to a condition of the energized motor detecting the failure of the
motor to synchronize and controlling the second switching means
to remove the DC power from the field and to reapply power to the
field a predetermined number of times and controlling the first
switching means to remove power from the AC winding of the motor
if the motor still does not synchronize.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 85+ for systems of interconnecting plural supply circuits
or plural generators for synchronous operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 706. Subject matter wherein the means responsive to some condition
includes a heat sensitive electrical element to control the switching means.
for inherently or self-variable impedance for motor
armature circuits generally which include an impedance whose value
changes as a result of temperature changes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter wherein the alternating current winding circuit
includes electrical means to apply one alternating voltage to the
alternating currore synchronous operation and another value of voltage
to the motor for synchronous motor operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter which includes means responsive to the loss
of synchronism in the motor to control the circuit connected to
the field winding of the motor to cut the DC power to the field
winding of the motor.
(1)
Note. Subject matter of this subclass type not only removes
the DC power from the field winding but can also reapply the DC
power to the field winding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 710. Subject matter wherein the means to control the circuit
includes an electronic element to regulate the removal of DC power
from the DC field winding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter wherein the circuit connected to the field
winding includes switching means to connect a direct current source
of power to the field winding of the motor.
(1)
Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes electromagnetic
and electronic switches.
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the rotating magnetic field and the
speed of the rotating motor induce an AC voltage in the field winding
and which includes means responsive to the frequency of the induced
voltage to control the switching means to apply the direct current
power to the field winding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter having means sensing the current in the alternating
current circuit to control the switching means to connect a source
of direct current to the direct current winding of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the switching means is actuated by
means responsive to the angular velocity of the rotor or to movement
of a member driven by the rotor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter which includes a field winding of a synchronous
motor and an electric circuit connected to the winding.
(1)
Note. The circuits of this subclass type include those which
energize or control the field winding as by the adjustment, change,
or regulation of the direct current winding of the synchronous motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 716. Subject matter wherein the field winding circuit is controlled
by some condition of the motor.
(1)
Note. Motor conditions of this subclass type include, for
example, current in the motor, power factor in the motor, the power
taken by the motor, and the speed of the motor.
for synchronous motor synchronization systems responsive
to a thermal electric element in the system to control the armature
power removal upon failure to synchronize or loss of synchronization.
This subclass is indented under subclass 717. Subject matter wherein a rotating magnetic field from an
alternating current winding and rotating rotor induce a voltage
in the field winding includes a switching circuit under the control
of the induced voltage to control direct current to the field winding.
(1)
Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes, for
example, relay and electronic switching circuits.
(2)
Note. Subject matter classified in this subclass may include
a armature or alternating current winding, but will not include
circuits connected to the armature winding. See subclass 700 for
synchronous motors with circuits connected to the field and the
alternating current winding when the energized motor is in the running
mode but not being started.
(3)
Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes, for
example, brushless motor solid-state switching device circuits to
control the application of direct current to the field winding after
the motor is near synchronous speed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 717. Subject matter wherein the electric circuit connected to
the field winding includes direct current power sources whose power
is dependent upon the speed of the synchronous motor rotor.
(1)
Note. The direct current sources of this subclass type include,
for example, DC generators and AC to DC converters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 720. Subject matter wherein the electric circuit includes means
to regulate the energization of the alternating current winding
of the motor under the control of the rotor rotation.
(1)
Note. The regulating means may be controlled by, for example,
the speed of the rotor and the position of the rotor shape with
respect to the location of the rotating alternating electromagnetic
field or with respect to the position of a direct current electromagnetic
field or permanent magnet field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 720. Subject matter wherein the electric circuit includes a static
type of power converter which generates an electric wave-form which
can be used by the alternating current winding of the motor.
(1)
Note. Subject matter of this subclass types includes, for
example, cycloconverters, rectifier inverters, and controlled and
free-running oscillators and vibrators which can generate electricity
having a waveform useable by the motor.
(2)
Note. The power converter of this subclass type can include
vacuum tubes or solid-state devices which must be electrically powered
to operate as a generator.
(3)
Note. The frequency of the converters of this subclass type
can be varied or switched between two different frequencies, and
generally with a change in frequency the voltage of the waveform
is changed accordingly.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 151 for conversion systems and subclass 154 for miscellaneous
systems with a specifically recited load device.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 365+ for miscellaneous gating circuits and subclasses
100+ for miscellaneous signal shaping, converting, or generating.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for current conversions, subclasses 148+ for
phase conversions; and subclasses 157+ for frequency conversions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 720. Subject matter wherein the electric circuit has means to
vary the rate of cyclic variations of the electrical energy supplied
to the alternating current winding of the motor.
for plural diverse or diversely controlled electric
motors having plural diverse or diversely controlled sources for
armature circuits having different frequencies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 720. Subject matter wherein the alternating current winding of
the motor consists of more than one winding or wherein such winding
is formed of sections which are connected together.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter where the system of supply and/or
control is connected to a repulsion motor.
(1)
Note. See the class definition for the meaning of "repulsion
motor" as used in the titles and definitions of this subclass and
the subclasses indented hereunder. Such motors as are described
in this section but having closed circuits between the brushes (rather
than merely "short" circuits) are also classifiable
in this subclass or in the subclasses indented hereunder provided
that these motors function as repulsion motors.
for alternating current commutating motor systems
which do not require short-circuited brushes or close-circuited
brushes in the operation of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Subject matter wherein (a) the motor includes more than
one winding forming the inducing electromagnetic field, (b) the
motor armature has an added winding in addition to the commutated
induced winding, or (c) the system has circuitry to place the field
or inducing winding in series with the commutated winding of the motor.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the system of supply and/or
control is for an induction motor.
(1)
Note. See Induction motors of the class definition for the
definition of "induction motor" as used in the
titles and definition of this subclass and of the subclasses indented
hereunder.
(2)
Note. In this subclass and those indented hereunder, where
only one of the two conductors [see Class Definition, Glossary, "Induction
Motors"] rotates relative to the motor supporting
structure, that conductor and the motor structure rotating with
it is referred to in the title and definitions as the "rotor",
and the fixed part of the motor is referred to as the "stator".
(3)
Note. Nominal recitation of an induction motor (i.e., by
name only) is an insufficient basis for classification in this subclass
or the subclasses indented hereunder. For classification in this
subclass or in the subclasses indented hereunder, some electrical
or structural characteristic of induction motors (e.g., "secondary
winding", "induced current winding")
must be recited.
(4)
Note. The induction motors included in the systems classifiable
in this subclass or in the subclasses indented hereunder must be
of the type which rotate continuously for at least one complete
revolution (360°). For motors which rotate continuously
for less than one complete revolution ("stepping motors")
see the note to subclass 696 of this class in the search notes below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter having a switching means in the secondary
circuit of the motor arranged so that, when starting, the current
induced in the secondary member creates an electromagnetic field
which reacts with the electromagnetic field formed by the primary
member to cause the motor to accelerate and having means to run
the motor as an induction motor after starting.
(1)
Note. The switching means of this subclass type includes,
for example, a commutator and brushes.
(2)
Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes, for
example, repulsion-induction motors.
(3)
Note. The means to run the motor as an induction motor may
or may not include the switching means.
(4)
Note. See the general class notes for the definition of a "repulsion
motor".
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter wherein the system includes means connected
to the primary member, the secondary member, or to both to change
the electrical angle between the voltage and the current in one
or both of the members.
(1)
Note. Means for adapting an induction motor for operation
from a source of supply having a number of phases different from
that for which the motor is wound are not included here even though
the power factor may be affected by such means, particularly when
condensers are employed in a phase splitting arrangement. See Search
Notes below.
(2)
Note. The change of phase may be for starting or running
the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter wherein the induction motor includes two
rotors rotatable with respect to each other.
(1)
Note. One rotor may support the primary member and the other
rotor may support the secondary member, or one primary member may
be on a stator and the secondary may be supported on one rotor with
a second primary member on the other rotor, and the system to supply or
control may be connected to the primary members, the secondary members, or
to both.
(2)
Note. The rotation of the motor may be reversed in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter wherein the secondary member is connected
to a system which supplies it with a voltage in addition to the
voltage electromagnetically induced by the primary member.
(1)
Note. The systems of this subclass type, for example, control
the speed or the torque of the energized motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 731. Subject matter wherein the system includes a three terminal
electronic device having two terminals connected in circuit with
the motor secondary and having the third terminal control the passage
of current between the other two terminals to or from the secondary
member of the motor.
(1)
Note. The controlled electronic device of this subclass type
is an electric valve which can control the amount of electrons or
holes passing through the device. These devices include solid-state
switches, thyratrons, and controlled vacuum and gas tubes. Saturable
reactors are not included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 731. Subject matter wherein the secondary member is energized
through a rotary switch at least one contact of which is stationary
with respect to the secondary member and another contact of which
rotates relative thereto with another part of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 731. Subject matter wherein the secondary member is energized
continuously through at least two sliding contacts at least one
of which is stationary with respect to the secondary winding.
(1)
Note. Slip rings are a rotary electrical interconnection
device to join two conductive members and consists usually of a
resilient electrical member in contact with a circular electrically
conductive member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Subject matter wherein the secondary member and the sliding
contact stationary with respect thereto are mounted on the induction
motor shaft and the shaft is mechanically coupled to another dynamoelectric
device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 735. Subject matter wherein the dynamoelectric device has windings
and the secondary winding of the induction motor is connected through the
sliding contacts to a winding of the dynamoelectric device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter wherein the relatively movable members consist
of plural windings on each separate member, a first winding on one
member being in inductive relation with a second winding on the
other member, a third winding on the other member being connected
to the second winding, and a fourth winding on the one member being
connected to the third winding.
(1)
Note. The winding arrangements of this subclass type are
in one induction motor rather than in cascaded machines.
(2)
Note. The term "connected" includes an electrical
or an inductive connection between windings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter wherein the primary winding, secondary winding,
or some other winding of the motor is energized through a rotary
switch at least one contact of which is stationary with respect
to the energized winding and another contact rotates relative thereto
with some other part of the motor.
(1)
Note. The rotary switch of this subclass type is usually
a rotary electrical interconnection device which has a ring or disc
of individual electrically insulated conducting sections around
the periphery of the ring or disc and has brushes contacting the
sections serially by the motion of the brushes or ring or disc.
for induction motor circuits having a commutator
connected directly to the secondary winding of the motor which has
a voltage source also connected to it.
for induction motor circuits whose secondary winding
has slip rings directly connected thereto, a voltage supplied to
it, and has a separate dynamoelectric machine with a commutator
forming part of the electrical system.
for self-cascaded double fed induction motor systems
using a commutated auxiliary winding in the motor to supply a voltage
to the induction motor secondary.
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter wherein the system connected to the primary
winding of the motor includes means to change the direction of the
rotation of the motor.
(1)
Note. See Reversing Control class notes for the distinction
between reversing and braking.
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter wherein the braking is a result of electromagnetic
energy created within the motor as a result of the rotation of the
motor.
(1)
Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes, for
example, regenerative braking.
This subclass is indented under subclass 742. Subject matter wherein the electromagnetic action is a result
of reversal of current or phase reversal within the primary member
of the energized motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Subject matter wherein the system includes a controlled
saturable magnetic device having a control winding and a power winding,
the power winding being connected between a power source and the
primary winding of the motor, and the control winding being energizable
to vary the impedance and the phase of the power winding to reverse
the rotation of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 747. Subject matter wherein the primary motor member includes
two windings each having an end connected to form a common terminal
or a single winding having a center tap.
This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Subject matter wherein the energized motor is powered by
a single phase source.
(1)
Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes single
phase power source which can be converted to a two or three phase
power source to run the induction motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Subject matter wherein the energized motor has a main magnetic
field and the reversing means includes auxiliary motor windings which
develop a magnetic field out of phase with the main field to change
the direction of the resultant field to reverse the motor.
(1)
Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes selectively
short-circuited and close-circuited auxiliary windings and auxiliary
windings which, when receiving properly phased voltages, act in
the same manner as short-circuited or close-circuited windings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Subject matter wherein the primary member includes two windings,
a capacitor, and means to connect either winding with the capacitor
so that the motor can selectively rotate in either direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 751. Subject matter wherein the means to connect either winding
with the capacitor includes a three terminal electronic device where
two of the terminals pass current through the device under the control
of the third terminal which thereby determines which winding is
in circuit with the capacitor or permits current to flow through
the windings and the capacitor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Subject matter wherein the primary member includes a run
and a start winding and the reversing means includes means to apply power
to both of the windings and to cut out the start winding after the
motor has come up to speed.
(1)
Note. In this subclass and in the subclasses indented hereunder
are manual, relay, and solid-state type switching to reverse the
phase of the start winding with respect to the run winding of the motor
so that the rotation of the motor rotor can be reversed.
(2)
Note. The means to remove the start winding includes manual,
centrifugal, and electromagnetic means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 753. Subject matter wherein the run or the start winding has
more than one winding or has tapped portions and the reversing means
has a switch means connecting the one or the other winding or both
winding or a portion of the windings to reverse the direction of
the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 753. Subject matter wherein the reversing means includes a self-acting
switch which reverses the direction of the current through the start
winding after the start and the run windings are energized so that
when the start winding is de-energized and subsequently reenergized
the motor will rotate in the other direction.
(1)
Note. The switch of this subclass type is self-acting in
the sense that it is actuated as a result of the operation.
(2)
Note. The reversal can be as a result of (a) a centrifugal
switch, (b) a thermal switch, or (c) an electromagnetic relay or some
other means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Subject matter wherein the means to change direction of
the motor includes an on-off electronic device with a control terminal
which operates to determine when to permit or stop the transfer
of power through the device itself from a power source to the motor
or through a relay actuated by the on-off device.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass for example are three phase-reversing
circuits with cycloconverters or rectifier inverters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter wherein the system includes means or devices
for applying a torque or force to the motor in a direction opposite
to the torque or force of the motor for the purpose of slowing down
or stopping the rotation of the motor.
(1)
Note. See Acceleration Control, Motor Braking Control, and
Reversing Control of the general notes to this class for what constitutes
braking, reversing, and deceleration of a motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 757. Subject matter wherein the means for applying a torque or
force to the motor includes the primary and secondary members of
the motor which when rotating relative to each other interact to
form a generator action which produces a force opposite to the motor
rotation to slow down or stop the motor.
(1)
Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes regenerative
type braking systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 759. Subject matter wherein the means for applying a torque or
force to the motor includes circuitry to apply direct current to
the primary member so that the rotation of the motor causes the
primary member to develop an induced voltage which causes a force
in a direction opposite to the motor rotation to slow down or stop
the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter wherein the rotating part of the motor controls
the primary circuitry so as to apply direct current to the primary
member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter wherein the circuitry includes an electrical
device which transforms an alternating current into direct current
for the primary member of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 757. Subject matter wherein the means for applying a torque or
force to the motor includes circuitry to change the direction of
current or the phase through the primary winding of the motor to create
an electromagnetic force in the secondary winding of the motor in
a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the motor to slow
down or stop the motor.
(1)
Note. The method of reversing the motor connections to apply
braking action is known as "plugging".
This subclass is indented under subclass 763. Subject matter wherein the circuitry to change the direction
of current or the phase is in a three phase motor circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 757. Subject matter wherein the motor rotor has an electrical
conducting member connected thereto and an electrical winding associated with
the conducting member such that current passing through the winding
creates a changing electromagnetic field within the conducting member
which induces eddy currents which create an electromagnetic force
in a direction which opposes rotation of the motor to slow or stop
the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter wherein the system to supply and or control
connected to the motor includes an electric circuit connected to
both the primary and to the secondary winding of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter wherein the system to supply and or control
the motor includes a circuit connected to the primary winding of
the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes means to transform
power from a single phase source into three phase power to energize
a three phase motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 768. Subject matter wherein the means to transform power from
a single phase source into three phase power includes a rotary dynamoelectric machine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Subject matter wherein the motor is adapted to operate from
either of two possible alternating voltages and the circuit connects
the primary member of the motor to one of the two alternating voltages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Subject matter wherein the primary member comprises a plurality
of windings and the circuit connected to the windings permits (a)
a star-delta connection of the windings, (b) two or more star connections
of the windings, (c) two or more delta connections of the windings.
(1)
Note. A star connection is a polyphase circuit in which all
circuit paths from each point of power connection go to a common
point.
(2)
Note. A delta connection is a polyphase circuit in which
all circuit paths form a triangle with the apex of each path intersection
being connected to a power source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Subject matter wherein the primary member comprises a plurality
of windings or winding portions and the circuit includes means connected
to the windings or winding portions to cause the motor to rotate
at several nominal discrete speeds.
(1)
Note. The speeds here are not limited to the synchronous
speeds of the motor.
(2)
Note. Speed of the motor can be controlled by change of frequency
of the power supply, change in the number of poles, or a change
in the slip of the motor. Only the change in the number of poles
is included in this group of subclasses.
(3)
Note. Generally, the speed selected is determined by changing
the connections between the winding portions or the number of the
winding turns energized.
This subclass is indented under subclass 772. Subject matter wherein the means connected to the windings
provides a predetermined number of primary magnetic poles at one
operating speed and a different number of poles for another operating
speed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 774. Subject matter wherein each predetermined number of poles
is produced by the energization of a separate primary winding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 774. Subject matter wherein the means connected to the windings
or winding portions electrically rearranged the windings or winding
portions to produce a different number of poles and energize all
of the windings or winding portions in all running speeds of the
motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 773. Subject matter wherein each number of poles is produced
by the energization of a separate primary winding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Subject matter wherein the circuit provides means to supply
electric energy to the motor or to control flow of the current in
the primary circuit for initiating motor rotation or controlling the
motor during acceleration from rest.
This subclass is indented under subclass 778. Subject matter wherein means are provided for controlling
motor speed during any mode of motor operation.
(1)
Note. Motor Operation Control is defined in the Class Definition
Glossary.
This subclass is indented under subclass 778. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes transformer
means to enable the application of a voltage value for starting
which is different from the voltage applied during running of a three
phase motor.
(1)
Note. Tapped transformer windings or auto-transformers are
included in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 778. Subject matter wherein the means to supply electric energy
to the motor is a single phase source of electric supply.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are shaded pole motors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 782. Subject matter wherein the means to protect the motor includes
heat responsive means for controlling the motor starting and for
protecting against current overload in the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Subject matter wherein the means to control the flow of
current in the primary member or a portion thereof during starting
includes impedance means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Subject matter wherein the primary member consists of a
main primary winding and a start winding and the circuit includes
means for de-energizing the start winding by removing part or all
of the start winding from the circuit which supplies the electrical
energy to the start and the run winding.
(1)
Note. The main primary winding is the run winding of the
motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 785. Subject matter wherein the means for removing part or all
of the start winding includes an electronic switch means to de-energize
the start winding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 786. Subject matter wherein the electronic switch means is controlled
in response to the output voltage of a sensing transformer which
provides a measure of the current flowing in the main winding circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 786. Subject matter wherein the electronic switch means is controlled
by a circuit which includes a resistor whose resistance is a function
of its temperature.
This subclass is indented under subclass 789. Subject matter wherein the switch includes an operating
coil for the electromagnetic switch in series with the main primary
winding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 791. Subject matter wherein the heat responsive switch means
includes an element whose impedance is a function of its temperature.
This subclass is indented under subclass 785. Subject matter wherein the start winding is de-energized
by a switch actuated by centrifugal force developed by the rotating
motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Subject matter wherein the motor is a split phase motor
and the primary member has two or more primary windings energized
in both the starting and the running modes of operation, at least
one winding having in circuit therewith capacitance whose value
is different in each operating mode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 794. Subject matter wherein there are two or more capacitors
to change the effective capacitance in circuit with at least one
winding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Subject matter wherein there is a split phase capacitance
motor having a saturable winding in circuit with the capacitor and
the primary windings, which has a reactance value in the starting
mode different from that of its reactance in the running mode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Subject matter wherein the primary member includes two or
more primary windings and the mutual inductance between the windings
or a saturable winding is used to cause a phase splitting effect
between the windings to create the starting torque to rotate the
motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Subject matter wherein means is provided to sense a motor
condition and the circuit connected to the primary member of the
motor is controlled by the sensing means.
(1)
Note. The motor condition is some characteristic of the motor
which is affected by the operation of the motor. Such characteristics
may be electrical or electromagnetic and include speed, slip, current,
voltage, or magnetic flux.
This subclass is indented under subclass 798. Subject matter wherein the means to sense is responsive
to the speed or the rotational phase angle of the motor being controlled
or a device driven by the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 799. Subject matter wherein the circuit connected to the primary
member of the motor includes a power conversion means controlled
by the speed or rotational phase angle responsive means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 801. Subject matter wherein the circuit connected to the primary
member of the motor is responsive to another condition as well as
being responsive to the speed or the rotational phase angle of the
motor.
(1)
Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes feedback
sensing of a motor condition or some characteristic of the motor
control circuit and may include the sensing of motor current, voltage,
or a signal indicative of some characteristic of the control circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 802. Subject matter wherein the one or more inverter circuits
includes an AC to DC converter having means to adjust the direct
current output voltage of the converter.
(1)
Note. A converter is an electrical device that transforms
one type of electricity to another type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 799. Subject matter wherein the circuit connected to the primary
member of the motor includes a controlled magnetic reactance.
(1)
Note. The controlled reactance of this subclass type includes
magnetic amplifiers, saturable reactors, and transformers having
a winding in circuit with the primary winding of the motor wherein
the winding reactance is changed as a result of the mutual inductance
between this winding and another winding of the transformer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Subject matter wherein there is means to sense a condition
other than a motor condition and the circuit connected to the primary
member of the motor is controlled by the means to sense the condition.
(1)
Note. A condition is some quantity which is capable of being
sensed including, for example, temperature, pressure, voltage delivered
to the circuit, or some manifestation of the motor environment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Subject matter wherein the circuit connected to the primary
member of the motor includes means to regulate the frequency of
the current or voltage supplied to the primary member.
(1)
Note. Regulation used here means to adjust or fix the rate
of the cyclic current or voltage delivered to the primary winding
of the motor, and includes control of the frequency to deliver a
constant frequency or a variable frequency to the primary winding
of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 807. Subject matter wherein means are also provided to regulate
the magnitude of the voltage applied to the primary member of the
motor.
(1)
Note. The means to regulate this subclass type consists of
means to adjust or fix the value of the voltage so that the voltage
can be constant or selectively varied.
This subclass is indented under subclass 807. Subject matter wherein the voltage supplied to the primary
member is a repetitious sinusoidal waveform and the means to regulate
the frequency of the voltage supplied to the primary member includes
means to regulate the phase angle of the waveform at which the remainder of
the waveform of each cycle is applied to the primary member.
(1)
Note. Phase angle is the angle in electrical degrees of the
waveform between the beginning of the waveform at 0° and
the end of the waveform at 360° at which the waveform is
applied to the motor winding.
(2)
Note. Regulation includes the control of the phase angle
at a constant angle or a variable angle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 807. Subject matter wherein the voltage waveforms applied to
the primary member of the motor is a pulse waveform having alternating
positive and negative polarity portions, and the means to regulate
the frequency of the voltage includes means to regulate the time
at which the pulses are started and ended.
(1)
Note. Regulation includes the starting and ending of the
pulses at a constant time or a variable time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 810. Subject matter wherein each positive and negative polarity
portion of the applied waveforms comprises a plurality of pulses
of variable width.
This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Subject matter wherein the circuit connected to the primary
member of the motor includes means for regulating the voltage applied
to the circuit.
(1)
Note. Regulation includes a constant or a selectively variable
voltage control.
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter wherein the system to supply and or control
the motor includes a circuit connected to the secondary member of
the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter wherein the circuit connected to the secondary
member includes switch means to turn off or on the current in the
secondary member or a portion thereof.
(1)
Note. The secondary member portion may consist of one winding
or a plurality of windings and the switch means may control the
current through all of the windings or one or more windings.
(2)
Note. The switch means includes controlled and uncontrolled
electronic devices, mechanical and automatic switches which act
only to open or close the secondary motor winding or a part of the
secondary motor winding. The electronic devices include thyratrons,
silicon-controlled rectifiers, silicon-controlled switches, and
four-layered diodes, but amplifier-type tube or solid-state devices
which can act as a switch and additionally function as an amplifier are
not included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter wherein the secondary member or a portion
thereof is always in a closed electrical path with the circuit and
the circuit includes means connectable to the member or member portion
to change the electrical characteristics thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes an electrical
impedance element of the resistive, inductive, or the capacitive
type to control the current in the secondary member of the motor.
(1)
Note. Here the voltage induced in the secondary member by
the primary member creates a current which is controlled by an impedance
element forming part of the circuit.
(2)
Note. Means to add, remove, or vary the secondary impedance
element is included in this group of subclasses.
and the subclasses specified in the notes thereto
for miscellaneous motor systems having impedance devices in the
field or secondary circuit of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 821. Subject matter wherein the impedance element of the circuit
is controlled by a motor characteristic.
(1)
Note. The motor characteristics include secondary motor voltage,
the secondary motor current, the primary motor current, and the
motor rotor speed.
(2)
Note. The term "controlled" includes the
addition, removal, the shorting out, or somehow changing the value
of the impedance element or elements of the circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 822. Subject matter wherein the motor characteristics are the
motor rotor speed or the position of the rotor with respect to the
inducing magnetic field of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 823. Subject matter wherein a mass movable radially of the motor
rotor in response to a force caused by the speed rotation of the
rotor controls the impedance element of the circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 822. Subject matter wherein the motor characteristic is the frequency
of the voltage induced in the secondary member or the relative frequencies of
the current in the primary and the secondary members of the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 822. Subject matter wherein the motor characteristic is the voltage
of the secondary circuit of the motor or the voltage across an impedance
element of the motor secondary circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 821. Subject matter wherein the impedance element of the circuit
is controlled totally by manual means requiring only human force.
(1)
Note. The term "control" as used herein means
to add, remove, or somehow change the impedance of a resistive, inductive,
or capacitive electrical element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Subject matter wherein the motor includes plural cooperating
members which are movable relative to each other physically and
means to move the members with respect to each other, this relative
movement is in addition to motion caused by the electromagnetic
interaction between the rotor and the stator of the motor.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 191 for field or excitation windings or core structure
having adjustable magnetic structure; and subclass 209 for armature
or primary windings or core structure with adjustable magnetic structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 830. Subject matter wherein one of the two relatively movable
parts is movable in the direction of an axis.
(1)
Note. "Axial" as used herein means situated
in the direction of or along an axis.
(2)
Note. Included are movable rotary dual motor rotors cooperating
with a movable stator and rotary dual, in-line rotors cooperating
with a fixed stator.
for motors with diverse motions including axial
movement of the rotor by the magnetic forces of the motor in addition
to the rotary or angular movement of the rotor even though the reverse
axial movement is effected by gravity only when the motor energization
is reduced.
This subclass is indented under subclass 830. Subject matter wherein the motor includes a double stator
and at least one stator is angularly movable with respect to the
other stator.
The definitions below correspond to abolished subclasses
from which these collections were formed. See the Foreign Art Collection
schedule of this class for specific correspondences. [Note:
The titles and definitions for indented art
collections include all the details of the one(s) that are hierarchically
superior.]
Foreign art collection in which space discharge
devices are connected in the armature or primary circuit of the
motor and are connected so as to effect the commutation of the motor.
(1)
Note. The interposition of an induction transformer or other
electric converter between the space discharge devices and the armature
of the motor does not prevent classification herein.
Foreign art collection in which a rotary electric
motor, of the type in which the rotary element tends to assume a
predetermined angular position when the motor is continuously energized,
is provided with a commutator or circuit making and breaking means which
is actuated by the motor to determine the instants of time at which
the field producing winding or windings thereof are energized and
de-energized relative to the angular position of the rotary element
of the motor.
Foreign art collection in which means are provided
for facilitating or otherwise controlling commutation in commutator
motors.
(1)
Note. For example, means for preventing or reducing deleterious
effects incident to, or accompanying, commutation in electric motors
are included herein; such effects including large intercommutator bar
currents, heating of commutator bars and brushes, flashover between
bars, arcing and pitting of commutator bars and brushes, etc. Periodically
or repeatedly reversing polarity of direct current supplied to commutator
motors to reduce pitting, corrosion metal transfer between brush
and commutator is included herein. Shifting of brushes to reduce sparking
is included.
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