1. Hader, SL, Smith, DK, Moore, JS, Holmberg, SD. HIV infection in women in the United States: status at the millennium. JAMA 2001;285:1186–1191.
2. Lee, LM, Fleming, PL. Trends in human immunodeficiency virus diagnoses among women in the United States, 1994-1998. JAMWA 2001;56: 94–99.
3. WISQARS Leading causes of death reports, 1999–2004. Accessed March 1, 2007
4. Whitmore, SK, Satcher, AJ, Hu, S. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS among non-Hispanic women in the United States. J Natl Med Assoc 2005;97(7):19S–25S.
5. Fenton, KA, Valdiserri, RO. Twenty-five years of HIV/AIDS—United States 1981-2006. MMWR 2006:55(21);585–589.
6. CDC. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 2005. Vol. 17. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2006:1–54. Accessed February 21, 2007.
7. Anderson, RN, Smith, BL. Deaths: leading causes for 2002. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2005;53(17). Accessed March 9, 2006.
8. CDC. Racial/ethnic disparities in diagnoses of HIV/AIDS – 33 states, 2001-2005. MMWR 2007;56:9:189–93.
9. CDC. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. Cases of HIV Infection and AIDS in the United States 2004. Volume 16. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2005:36. Accessed August 22, 2007.
10. Rapita, E, Porta, D, Forastiere, F, Fusco, D, Perucci CA. Socioeconomic status and survival of persons with AIDS before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Epidemiology 2000;11: 496–501.
11. Shapiro, MF, Morton, SC, McCaffrey, DF, Senterfitt, JW, Fleishman, JA, Perlman, JF, et al. Variations in the care of HIV-infected adults in the United States. JAMA 1999;218: 2305–2315.
12. Sharpe, TT, Lee, LM, Nakashima, AK, Elam-Evans, LD, Fleming, P. Crack cocaine use and adherence to antiretroviral treatment among HIV-infected black women. J Community Health 2004; 29:117–127.
13. National Minority AIDS Council. African Americans, health disparities and HIV/AIDS: Recommendations for confronting the epidemic in black America. Washington, DC: National Minority AIDS Council, November 2006. Accessed January 31, 2007.
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A Heightened National Response to the HIV/AIDS Crisis Among African Americans. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; March 2007.

Additional Resources

CDC. Racial/ethnic disparities in diagnoses of HIV/AIDS — 33 states, 2001–2004. MMWR 2006;55:9:121–5.

CDC. HIV/AIDS Among Women. Fact Sheet. Atlanta, Georgia: CDC, April 2006. Accessed August 22, 2007.

Fleming, PL, Ward, JW, Karon, JM, Hanson, DL, DeCock, KM. Declines in AIDS incidence and deaths in the USA: A signal change in the epidemic. AIDS 1998;12(suppl A);S55–S61.

Espinoza, L, Hall, HI, Campsmith, ML, Lee, LM. Trends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses — 33 States, 2003-2004. MMWR 2005;54:1149–1153.

Go to Appendix A – Final Participant Directory