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Research
Pandemic Strain of Foot-and-Mouth
Disease Virus Serotype O
Nick J. Knowles,*
Alan R. Samuel,* Paul R. Davies,* Rebecca J. Midgley,* and Jean-François
Valarcher*
*Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, United Kingdom
|
Appendix 2. Occurrence of the PanAsia lineage
of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O, 1990–2004*† |
|
|
Country |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
|
|
India |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Nepal |
|
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
|
|
|
ME-SA |
|
|
ME-SA |
+ |
|
Bhutan |
+ |
+ |
|
ME-SA |
+ |
+ |
|
|
|
+ |
+ |
|
ME-SA |
|
|
|
Iran |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
+ |
ME-SA |
|
|
|
+ |
|
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
|
Jordan |
+ |
|
|
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Syria |
+ |
ME-SA |
+ |
- |
ME-SA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Saudi Arabia |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
? |
ME-SA |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
Yemen |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
ME-SA |
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
EA-3 |
EA-3 |
|
Lebanon |
+ |
+ |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
|
ME-SA |
? |
? |
ME-SA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kuwait |
+ |
+ |
- |
|
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
Bahrain |
+ |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
+ |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
|
|
|
+ |
|
+ |
- |
|
Qatar |
|
|
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
Iraq |
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UAE |
+ |
|
ME-SA |
+ |
|
- |
|
ME-SA |
|
|
|
ME-SA |
|
ME-SA |
- |
|
Turkey |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
+ |
ME-SA |
|
ME-SA |
|
ME-SA |
|
+ |
|
Israel |
+ |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
+ |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
? |
? |
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
P.R. China |
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taiwan POC |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
|
|
|
|
|
Sri Lanka |
+ |
ME-SA |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
|
ME-SA |
+ |
ME-SA |
+ |
|
|
+ |
|
|
Myanmar |
+ |
+ |
|
+ |
+ |
+ |
SEA |
|
SEA |
SEA |
|
|
SEA |
+ |
SEA |
|
Thailand |
+ |
SEA |
SEA |
+ |
SEA |
SEA |
|
+ |
+ |
SEA |
SEA |
+ |
SEA |
SEA |
+ |
|
Vietnam |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
+ |
|
SEA |
+ |
SEA/CHY |
|
|
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
|
Laos |
+ |
+ |
|
SEA |
|
|
|
- |
SEA |
|
|
|
|
SEA |
|
|
Malaysia |
- |
- |
SEA |
+ |
SEA |
ME-SA |
SEA |
+ |
- |
SEA |
|
SEA |
SEA |
SEA |
|
|
Cambodia |
+ |
- |
SEA |
+ |
SEA |
+ |
+ |
+ |
SEA |
SEA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
South Korea |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
- |
- |
|
Russia |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
CHY |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
+ |
|
Mongolia |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
- |
+ |
|
South Africa |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
|
UK |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
Eire |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
France |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
Netherlands |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
Afghanistan |
|
+ |
+ |
|
|
|
ME-SA |
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
Pakistan |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
ME-SA |
+ |
|
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
|
|
|
ME-SA |
ME-SA |
- |
|
Bulgaria |
- |
ME-SA |
- |
ME-SA |
- |
- |
ME-SA |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
|
Greece |
- |
- |
- |
- |
ME-SA |
- |
ME-SA |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Bangladesh |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ME-SA |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
Armenia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ME-SA |
+ |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Azerbaijan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Georgia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
ME-SA |
|
|
+ |
|
|
- |
|
|
Hong Kong |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
|
Indonesia |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Kazakhstan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
Kyrgyzstan |
|
ME-SA |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
North Korea |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Oman |
+ |
ME-SA |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
ME-SA |
|
- |
- |
|
Philippines |
- |
- |
- |
- |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
CHY |
|
Tajikistan |
|
|
|
|
ME-SA |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
+ |
|
|
- |
|
|
Turkmenistan |
|
|
|
|
|
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Uzbekistan |
|
ME-SA |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*Compiled from the Food and Agriculture Organization/World
Health Organization/Organization for Animal Health Yearbooks and
the records of the World Reference Laboratory for FMD. |
|
†Abbreviations: solid boxes, PanAsia virus isolated;
blank boxes, unknown disease situation; +, FMD type O present (genotype
not known); -, no FMD type O reported; CHY, Cathay topotype; ME-SA,
Middle East-South Asia topotype (other than PanAsia strain); SEA,
Southeast Asia topotype. |
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