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A Brief History of Cardiovascular Health
Activities Within the CDC
Heart disease and stroke are among the nation's leading killers for
both men and women and among all racial and ethnic groups. CDC's
public health activities to combat heart disease and stroke include
the following:
- 1984: The Behavioral Risk
Factor Surveillance System, a state–based telephone health survey,
begins in 15 states, with all 50 states participating by 1993. High
blood pressure and high blood cholesterol are standard topics in the
BRFSS. By 2005, other topics include aspirin use for secondary
prevention of heart disease and stroke, use of cardiac rehabilitation,
awareness of heart attack and stroke signs and symptoms, and actions to
control high blood pressure.
- 1985: CDC's National
Center for Environmental Health participates in the Laboratory
Standardization Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program to
develop national standards for improving measurements of cholesterol in
clinical laboratories (1985 through 1990). CDC subsequently develops the
lipid standardization program, assuring that measures of cholesterol are
accurate across laboratories. CDC provides the "gold standard" for
accurate cholesterol measurements.
- 1987: CDC provides technical assistance to the South Carolina
Department of Environment and Health in the development of the South
Carolina Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Project, a 5–year project in
an intervention and a control community to assess the impact of
community interventions on risk factor and behavior change. Community
interventions focus on media campaigns, blood pressure screenings, and
health promotion activities in malls, schools, worksites, grocery
stores, and restaurants.
- 1989: CDC's Cardiovascular Health Studies Branch emerges as
part of the re–organization involved in the development of the
National Center for Chronic
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
- 1991: CDC collaborates with the
Indian Health Service in the design and implementation of the
Inter–Tribal Heart Project, a cardiovascular health survey in three
tribal communities within the Bemidji Area Indian Health Service. The
tribal communities include two Chippewa bands in Minnesota (White Earth
and Red Lake) and the Menominee in Wisconsin.
- 1995: CDC collaborates with several international
organizations to develop the second of several international heart
health declarations, The Catalonia Declaration: Investing in Heart
Health (1995). The first declaration, The Victoria Declaration on Heart
Health was published in 1992. CDC collaborates to develop subsequent
Heart Health Declarations in 1998, 2001, and 2004.
- 1998: CDC receives the first funding from Congress for states
to develop comprehensive heart disease and stroke prevention programs.
In 1998, 6 states receive funding for core capacity building and two
states for more comprehensive programs (now called basic
implementation).
- 1998: CDC and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
become co–lead agencies working together on the nation's
Healthy People 2010
objectives to combat heart disease and stroke. In 2001, they sign a
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the American Heart Association
and the following federal agencies to speed progress toward meeting the
goals set forth in Healthy People 2010:
-
National Center for Chronic
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
(CDC)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH
- National Institute of Neurological
Disorders and Stroke (NIH)
- Office of
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of Public Health and
Science (DHHS)
By 2005, the collaborative also includes the Indian Health Service
and the Centers for Medicare and
Medicaid Services
(CMS).
- 1999: CDC develops the first county–level atlas and
interactive website highlighting geographic variations in heart disease
among women,
Women
and Heart Disease: An Atlas of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in
Mortality. Subsequently,
Men and
Heart Disease: An Atlas of Racial of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in
Mortality (2001),
Atlas of Stroke
Mortality: Racial, Ethnic and Geographic Disparities in the United
States (2003), and
Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke Among American Indian and Alaska
Natives (2005) are published.
- 1999: The first Cardiovascular Health (CVH) Practitioners
Institute is developed jointly by staff from the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the
American Heart Association* (AHA), the
Association of State and Territorial
Chronic Disease Prevention Directors* (ASTCDPD), the Association of
State and Territorial Directors of Health Promotion and Health Education
(ASTDHPHE), and the University of Rochester Medical Center. The
Institute is held at Mountain Lake, Virginia. Twelve state CVH
Coordinators, a representative from ASTCDPD and ASTDHPHE, four national
AHA staff, ten state AHA affiliate staff, and five CVH Branch State
Program staff participate. The intensive week long program provides
lecture content on theory, research that informs community–based heart
health promotion, partnership development and promotes interactive small
group work on practical problem solving and program planning. Subsequent
institutes are held in 2001 and 2002 and are shortened and opened to all
states in 2003, regardless of funding.
- 2000: CDC begins supporting the
Tri–State Stroke Network*
(Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina). Stroke networks allow
state health departments and their partners to share and coordinate
prevention activities and advocacy strategies. Other funded stroke
networks include the Delta States Stroke Consortium at
http://www.deltastroke.com/(Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas,
and Tennessee) in 2002 and the Great Lakes Stroke Network (Illinois,
Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin) in 2004.
- 2000: The First International Conference on Women, Heart
Disease and Stroke is held in Victoria Canada, co–sponsored by Health
Canada, CDC, AHA, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and the
Canadian Cardiovascular Society.
The 2000 Victoria Declaration: Science and Policy in Action* [PDF
2.5M] was a product of this event. CDC also co–sponsors The Second
International Conference on Women, Heart Disease and Stroke, held in
2005 in Orlando, Florida.
- 2001: CDC convenes The First National CDC Prevention
Conference on Heart Disease and Stroke on August 22–24, 2001, in
Atlanta, Georgia. In attendance are more than 400 participants
representing state health departments, federal agencies, national
partners, and six countries. The focus is on building and expanding
comprehensive state–based cardiovascular health programs with an
emphasis on partnership–building and environmental and policy
interventions. The Second National CDC Prevention Conference on Heart
Disease and Stroke: Charting the Course is held August 17–19, 2004 in
Atlanta, Georgia with more than 700 participants.
- 2001: CDC receives the first funding from Congress for stroke
and establishes the Paul Coverdell
National Acute Stroke Registry and funds pilot programs in eight
states (California, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, North
Carolina, Ohio, and Oregon) in 2002 to design and test prototypes to
assess and improve acute stroke care in these states. Registry data will
be used to help state health departments and hospitals develop plans to
reduce death and disability from stroke and improve quality of life for
survivors.
- 2001: CDC initiates development of
A Public Health Action Plan to
Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke. The purpose of the plan is to
chart a course for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
and collaborating public health agencies, with all interested partners
and the public at large, to help in promoting achievement of national
goals for preventing heart disease and stroke over the next two
decades—through 2020 and beyond. Key partners, public health experts,
and heart disease and stroke prevention specialists come together to
develop targeted recommendations and specific action steps. The plan is
released in 2003 and enters an implementation phase driven by two
fundamental requirements and five essential components that together
define seven action areas: Effective communication; Strategic
leadership, partnership, and organization; Taking action; Strengthening
capacity; Evaluating impact; Advancing knowledge through prevention
research; and, Engaging in regional and global partnerships. The
National Forum for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, convened in
September, 2002, to review draft recommendations of the
Action Plan, becomes a
permanent national organization meeting annually in Washington, DC, in
2004, 2005, and 2006.
- 2003: CDC partners with the
World Health Organization* to develop a global cardiovascular disease
atlas which highlights stroke and heart diseases, their risk factors,
and public health programs and policies throughout the WHO regions. The
publication is released in 2004.
- 2004: Based on results and evaluation of the Paul Coverdell
National Acute Stroke Registry prototypes, supplemental funds are
provided to State Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Programs in
Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, and North Carolina to implement the
Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry. Information collected
will guide quality improvement interventions at the hospital level that
will fill the gap between clinical guidelines and practice. The
registries will help facilitate necessary policy and system changes at
national, state and local levels to improve patient outcomes.
*Links to non–Federal organizations are provided solely as a service to our users. Links do not constitute an endorsement of any organization by CDC or the Federal Government, and none should be inferred. The CDC is not responsible for the content of the individual organization Web pages found at this link.
Page last reviewed: May 5, 2008
Page last modified: November 8, 2007
Content source: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention,
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and
Health Promotion
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