This class corresponds generally in subject matter to optometry,
and includes eye examining and vision testing instruments. These
instruments must include some optical structure or they must operate
in conjunction with the optical or vision path of the eye. Included
also are these instruments combined with eye exercising and/or
training devices. Included also are certain accessories such as
test charts and/or targets which may involve projection,
illuminators and supports which are peculiar to these instruments.
Included also are methods of operating or using these instruments
and not generally classifiable.
Included also are spectacles and eyeglasses, which may include
the frames or mountings, per se, or the frames or mountings with
fitted opthalmic lenses. Included also are spectacles and eyeglasses
combined with other structural elements when not otherwise classifiable, such
as spectacles combined with holders for microphotographs, telescopes
or face protecting masks.
Included also are perfecting features with these spectacles
and eyeglasses such as antiglare or light absorption, rear view
reflectors, decorations moisture prevention or absorption, and supports
or holders. Included also are parts of spectacles and eyeglasses
when not otherwise classifiable, such as temples, bridges, connectors,
lens linings or rims, and nose pads or cushions.
Included also are opthalmic lenses or blanks, including the
eye-contact type. Included also are perfecting features in these
lenses such as with light filtering or with protecting layers. Included
also are methods of making the spectacles and eyeglasses and the
opthalmic lenses. Included also are lens repair devices.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. EYE EXAMINING AND TESTING INSTRUMENTS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Eye testing instruments and such instruments combined with
eye training devices are classified here as a residual home. Eye
treatment appliances and methods intended to aid in the diagnosis
of diseased eyes or during surgical operations of the eye are elsewhere.
(See References to Other Classes, below.
B. SPECTACLE AND EYE GLASS MOUNTINGS COMBINED WITH OTHER
STRUCTURE
This class provides for opthalmic lenses combined with the
mountings or frames; and also provides residually for such mountings
or frames, per se, even when the sole indicated use is to mount
nonopthalmic lenses or other structure which may be nonoptical.
Examples of such nonopthalmic lenses are in telescopes, microscopes,
and general magnifiers; and examples of this other structure are
eye shades and goggle components (such as cups, masks, or shields),
artificial body members, and electrical hearing aids. However, when
these nonopthalmic lenses or other structures are claimed either
broadly or specifically with the mounting, classification is not
here, but in the class providing for the particular lens or other
structure. See References to Other Classes, below.
As between this class, Class 2, and Class 623 the claiming
of opthalmic structure in such example terms as "opthalmic lens",
"correcting lens" and "astigmatic lens" is sufficient for classification
in this Class 351 regardless of any eye shielding or artificial
body structure included. However, as between this Class 351, Class 381,
and Class 359 the inclusion of opthalmic structure together with
other structure, per se, classifiable in Class 381 and Class 359
is not sufficient to classify in this Class 351.
The term "lens" due to its wide use is not sufficient to control
classification. The combination of the lens broadly claimed together
with the spectacle- type frame is classifiable in this Class 351
regardless of the indicated use of the lens.
C. GOGGLES
Goggles, which may include frames similar to the opthalmic
lens mountings as classified with spectacles, but which in addition,
have some structure whose purpose is protection of the wearer from
mechanical injury such as cups, masks, shields, or hoods are classified elsewhere
(see References to Other Classes). When this goggle structure includes
lenses or transparent elements with some optical limitation such
as vision correcting or light intensity modifying opthalmic elements,
curved, spherical or meniscus lenses, light filters or polarizing lenses,
classification is with the spectacles in this Class 351. However
the broad recitation of a lens or transparent element is not sufficient
to include otherwise goggle structure in this Class 351.
Goggles with no optical limitations but formed as spectacle
lens mountings, but omitting any body protection structure, are
classified in this Class 351. Where both the optical and body protecting
structure are claimed classification is with the spectacles in this
Class 351.
D. LENSES
Single lenses or lens combinations are classified elsewhere,
and are primarily used in the category of optical instruments such
as cameras, binoculars, magnifiers, telescopes, microscopes and
oculars, principally for the purpose of forming or projecting a
real or virtual image or images. (See References to Other Classes,
below.)
In contrast to the above lenses used in instruments the opthalmic
lenses including contact lenses classified in this Class 351 act
as vision correcting organs and are specially adapted for use in
spectacles or eyeglasses for the purpose of producing a clear image
in conjunction with the eye lens on the sensitive screen in the
eye known as the retina. For example, if the eye is myopic (near-sightedness)
a negative lens is necessary to produce a proper image on the retina,
and if the eye is hyperopic (far-sightedness) a positive lens is
added to bring the light rays into correct focus on the retina.
If the eye is astigmatic a cylindrical lens is added. These opthalmic
lenses are essentially useful with the eye lens for aiding and correcting
any visual defects of the eye lens.
Apparel, appropriate subclasses for goggles including eye
shields, bridges, rims and fasteners as component parts thereof.
See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, C, "Goggles",
above, for the line between spectacles and goggles.
Apparel,
subclass 13 for spectacle attached eye shades and subclasses
10, 11, 12, and 15 provide for other eye shields. (Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, B, "Spectacle and Eye Glass Mountings Combined
with Other Structure").
Apparel,
subclasses 426+ provides for goggles, which may include frames
similar to the opthalmic lens mountings as classified with spectacles,
but which in addition, have some structure whose purpose is protection
of the wearer from mechanical injury such as cups, masks, shields,
or hoods. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, C, "Goggles").
Locks,
subclasses 229 and 230 for bolt or screw locking means as for
preventing the loosening of screws which interconnect various frame
parts or secure rimless lenses in the frame structure.
Supports, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 121+ for brackets, stands or uprights which may support
ophthalmic test devices and which may have provisions to move an
ophthalmic device relative to the support.
Compositions,
subclasses 299.01+ for liquid crystal-containing optical filter compositions, and
subclasses 582+ for other optical filter compositions which
change their light and visible solar radiations transmittance properties when
exposed to emergy and for corresponding filters defined solely in
terms of their composition with no claimed significant filter structure.
Pipe Joints or Couplings,
subclasses 51 and 54 for joints between members of ophthalmic mountings
wherein the joint comprises a socket type or a ball and socket joint.
Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclass 465 for light polarizing devices, as used in stereoscopic
viewing, subclasses 642+ for lenses as used in photography,
binoculars and telescopes; subclasses 409+ for opera glass
holders; subclass 481 for binocular loupes; subclass 816 for monocular
loupes, subclasses 880+ for mirrors mounted before the
eye; and subclasses 350+ and 885+ for optical
filters.
Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 409+ for opera glass holders, subclass 481 for binocular
loupes, and subclass 816 for monocular loupes. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, B, "Spectacle and Eye Glass Mountings
Combined with Other Structure").
Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 642+ for single lenses or lens combinations, primarily
used in the category of optical instruments such as cameras, binoculars,
magnifiers, telescopes, microscopes and oculars, principally for
the purpose of forming or projecting a real or virtual image or
images.
Illumination,
subclasses 103+ for spectacles combined with illumination means,
and subclasses 109+ for ophthalmic instruments comprising
illuminating devices.
Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 68+ for electric hearing aids in spectacle-type mountings,
especially subclass 68.5 for spectacles or ophthalmic mountings
combined with electrical hearing aid devices. (Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, B, "Spectacle and Eye Glass Mountings Combined
with Other Structure").
Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed,
or Locked-Threaded Fastener,
subclasses 378+ for screws and bolts of general application; and
subclasses 531+ for washers of general application.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 105+ for contact lens compositions and for certain other
compositions containing a synthetic resin or natural rubbers designed
to come into contact with living tissue.
Surgery,
subclasses 398+ and 558 for surgical devices used in the diagnosis
of the eye generally and not involving conventional eye testing instruments,
or for devices counteracting muscular eye imbalances, or for devices
such as moving targets for exercising eye muscels. See Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, above, for the line between
the eye testing instruments of this Class 351 and the surgical instruments
of another class of Surgery.
Surgery,
subclasses 398+ for eye treatment appliances and methods intended
to aid in the diagnosis of diseased eyes or during surgical operations
of the eye. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
A, "Eye Examining and Testing Instruments Classified Elsewhere",
above.
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
ANISEIKONIA
The inequality in shape and size between the two ocular images
seen in binocular vision.
ASTIGMATISM
Defect of vision caused by unequal curvature of the refracting
surfaces of the eye.
BINOCULAR COORDINATION
Fusion of the sight responses of both eyes, or correct space
perception.
BRACE ARM
A relatively long and slender temple supporting arm or arc
substantially identical to the shape of the upper contour edge of
a lens.
BRIDGE
The connecting part between the lens supporting members
of spectacles or eyeglasses.
CATARACT CORRECTION LENS
A lens, usually with cylindrical correction, to optically compensate
for diminution of vision or opacity of the lens of the eye.
CHARTS
A light reflecting or transmitting panel with symbols
or pictures of varying size for testing the refraction of the eye.
CHROMATICITY TEST
Determination of the visual sensitivity or adaptation
to color.
ELEMENT
Component part of an optical instrument unless otherwise
indicated.
EYEGLASSES
Spectacles, pince-nez or other mountings with lenses
to correct defects of vision of the human eye.
EYE CONTACT LENSES
Opthalmic lenses that fit over the cornea of the eye
and which float on the tear of the eye or are held in place by the
eyelids.
FRAME
Mechanical parts, not including lenses, which serve to surround
or support or which serve to interconnect elements of the frame.
INTERPUPILLARY DISTANCE
The distance between the centers of rotation of a pair
of human eyes.
LENS
Ophthalmic lens or transparent material in goggles unless
otherwise indicated.
LENS REPAIR DEVICES
Structure embracing the broken portion of a lens by a metal
or plastic strip so that the lens can be restored to the mounting.
LIGHT POLARIZING LENSES
Lenses comprising a polarizing element which reduces light
losses due to reflection.
MOUNTING
A frame structure completely or partially surrounding
a lens or utilizing a bridge and nose pads for supporting vision-aids
in front of the eyes of a user. This term is broader than "frame",
in that it includes the pince-nez type.
MULTIFOCAL LENSES
Fused or onepiece lenses having areas of different refracting
powers, usually one area part being intended for distant vision
and the other for close work.
MUSCULAR IMBALANCE
Abnormal eye muscle functioning, tending the eyes to cross
or diverge.
OPTHALMIC LENSES
Lenses usually mounted in spectacle frames, in eyeglass mountings
or in trial frames having cylindrical, spherical or prismatic power
for testing or correcting visual deficiencies of the eye. These
lenses cooperate with the refracting medium of the eye to form on
the retina a clear image of the object viewed, or in strabismus
to modify the imbalanced visual axis of the eye to make the eye
gradually resume normal status to correctly superimpose deviated
images. The lenses may be spherical (plus or minus) to correct for
fairly simple defective near or far sightedness, or they may be
cylindrical to correct for astigmatism, or they may be prismatic
to correct for strabismus, or they may be any of these in combination.
The magnification or minification power of these lenses serves
primarily to produce clear images on the retina of an eye with poor
vision rather than to produce any telescopic, microscopic or pictorial
effects.
OPTICS, OPTICAL
The science of light and vision and the construction
of optical instruments.
OPTICAL PATH
Imaginary lines passing on the principal and secondary axes
from the center of the retina to the object viewed.
OPTOMETRY
The art of investigating vision defects such as refraction and
ocular muscle function-defects and correcting or aiding them by
optical means such as opthalmic lenses, prisms, muscle training
and other optical measures.
PRISMATIC LENS
A light-deflecting medium which diverges or converges the
lightrays entering the eyes.
RIM
A grooved-optical element made from metal or plastic material
for framing lenses.
SPECTACLES
Instruments for aiding vision consisting of lenses and supports
therefor.
STEREOSCOPIC VISION
The ability to perceive distance and the three dimensional
properties of a viewed object.
TEMPLES
The parts of a spectacle which are secured to the end
of lenses or the frame and maintain the glasses on the user"s
head.
TRIAL FRAME
Adjustable lens holding frames for supporting lenses interchangeably
during vision testing.
VISION CORRECTING
Remedying vision defects by means of sight correcting lenses,
eye muscle training devices, etc.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including an ophthalmic element or elements
such as a spherical or cylindrical lens, a filter, polarizing element,
or prism interposed in the path of vision of one or both eyes for
correcting vision defects or abnormalities or protecting the eyes
from undesired rays together with structure for positioning or supporting
these elements from or on the head of the user in correct operative
position.
(1)
Note. The lenses of this subclass give usually a particular
ophthalmic result in cooperation with the eye as opposed to lens
systems such as used in cameras, microscopes or telescopes which
may operate independently and without producing a corrective reaction
in the eye or its element.
Apparel,
subclass 13 for spectacle attached shades, and subclasses 426+ for
goggle-type spectacles. See the class definition for the line between spectacles
as classified here and goggles as classified in Class 2.
Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclass 465 for light polarizing devices as used in stereoscopic
viewing, subclasses 466+ for stereoscopic viewers; subclasses
642+ for lenses as used in photography, binoculars and
telescopes; subclasses 409+ for opera glass holders; subclass
481 for binocular loupes; subclass 816 for monocular loupes, and
subclasses 350+ and 885+ for optical filters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter limited to eyeglass repairing devices whereby
a broken lens of a pair of eyeglasses may be temporarily repaired
until a new lens is available, as for example a metal member or
a transparent wafer strongly clamped onto or cemented to the broken
lens parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein a light-weight float is removable
attached to a spectacle frame for recovering glasses accidentally
dropped into the water, or wherein the spectacles are especially
adapted for underwater use as to enable the human eye to accommodate
for distortionless viewing of objects under water.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including light absorbing lenses such as
polarizing or colored lenses either framed or rimless, to shield
the eyes of a wearer from the glare of the sun or from other undesirable
or harmful light rays.
(1)
Note. For classification here the lenses need not have diopter
characteristics, but only general light modifying characteristics
such as light filtering, polarizing, or absorbing. See Class 359,
subclasses 483+ for polarizers, subclasses 601+ for optical
elements and systems for reducing glare and subclasses 885+ for
optical filters.
Apparel,
subclasses 10 through 15for eye shades and subclasses 426+ for
goggles. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class in
the Class Definition of this class (351) for the line between the
subject matter classified here and in subclasses 426+ of
Class 2.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein antiglare spectacles are provided
with lenses having combined a clear-glass section and a section
or sections of different light absorption, the latter covering only
a part of the field of sight, so that without imparting the general
vision the eyes may be screened from an undesirable light source
by a slight movement of the head.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein antiglare spectacles comprise semitransparent
or opaque plates having adjustable or fixed perforations or slits therein.
Apparel,
subclass 433 for eye protecting goggles, which may include apertured
opaque members, having no significant optical characteristics but being
solely for providing mechanical eye protection.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter including colored or other antiglare filter
screens removably or adjustably connected with spectacle frames
of various styles or sizes.
(1)
Note. The filters or shades may be rimmed or rimless and
they may cover portions of the glasses only or the entire glasses.
The filters or screens classified here are usually combined with
the spectacles. Subclass 13 of Class 2 provides for eye shades,
per se, which are attachable to spectacles. Semiopague or tinted transparancies
which swing selectively between the shading and viewing position
are classified in this subclasses 47+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the filters or screens are securely
mounted on or readily attached to spectacles by integral or bridge-type
spring means which hold the light absorbing mediums in different
operative positions desired by the wearer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein variable density lenses or viewing
screens comprise fixed or adjustable superimposed light polarizing
bodies which may be adjusted to filter any amount of light from
a predetermined maximum to a predetermined minimum.
(1)
Note. The above noted lenses with light polarizing characteristics
may be rotatably mounted in one frame of the general shape of a
conventional spectacle frame, or may be in a submounting held detachably
adjacent and overlying lenses fixed in an ordinary spectacle frame.
Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclass 465 for polarizing devices used in viewing stereoscopic
pictures; and subclasses 483+ for polarizing devices generally.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including one or more mirrors together with
structure for supporting or attaching the mirror or mirrors on a
part of the spectacle to provide rear vision for the spectacle wearer.
(1)
Note. For classification here the spectacle must be claimed
broadly or specifically with the mirror. For mirrors which are
adapted for use with spectacles as by being supported thereon, or
attached thereto, no spectacle structure being positively claimed,
see Class 248, subclasses 466+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein a spectacle frame or its ophthalmic
lens is ornamented with decorative attachments or inserts.
(1)
Note. The above noted ornamental attachments may be colored
stripes, decorated plates, pendant jewels or imitations thereof,
and may be placed on any selected portion of the spectacle frame
or lens.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 3 through 32for miscellaneous ornamented articles and subclass
67 for a element embedded in a substrate (e.g., spectacle frame) and
visible.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter wherein the decorative devices are so attached
to the various frame or lens parts as to be readily removable therefrom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter is limited to spectacles peculiarly adapted
for the aiming of firearms.
(1)
Note. Included here are "shooting" spectacles having screens
with slots or diaphragms, discs with rotatably and movably arranged
openings, adjustable aiming lenses or stenopaic disc apertures.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein spectacles with multifocal lenses
may be inverted or turned upside down as a unit, or in which the
lenses, per se, may be revolved inside the frame so that bifocal
segments may stand at the top or bottom of the lenses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein the mounting is adjustable to permit
vertical movement of multifocal lenses to selectively position the
near and distance vision portions in the line of vision.
(1)
Note. The adjustment of the lenses may be made by changing
the position of the nose pads on their supporting arms or by varying
the distance between the pads by moving rotatable portions of the
bridge to adjusted positions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including an elongated handle attached to
the frame for holding the glasses in the viewing position, the handle
constituting the sole support for the glasses in this viewing position.
(1)
Note. The eyeglasses of this type are usually folding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein supplemental lenses or glasses without
temples are movably attached to permanent reading or farsight main
spectacles.
(1)
Note. The above noted supplemental glasses may comprise U-shape
or half moon lenses below eye level. They may be pivotable or magnetically
attached to normal spectacles. The subject matter does not include
supplemental glasses attached to frames without permanent lenses.
See subclass 59 for this subject matter. The lenses may be plain
glass as for protecting purposes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter wherein the supplemental lenses or glasses
are retained on the main eyeglasses by spring loaded clamping members
or by circumferentially secured friction clips.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein mounted or rimless lenses are movably
connected to glassless spectacle frames or glassless support rods
to swing from an operative position in the line of vision to an
inoperative position above the eyes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein rimless or rimmed lenses are suspended
from or mounted on a usually rectilinear rod, or are suspended from or
mounted on oppositely extending bars embodying nose engaging means.
(1)
Note. The lenses in the above structure may be adjustable
in various spaced relations to each other. The points of connection
of the lenses and temples with the bar or rod are generally outside
of the range of vision.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter having lenses of narrow vertical dimension
which lie well below the horizontal line of vision and provide unobstructed
vision over the top of the lenses.
(1)
Note. This subject matter is distinct from and does not include
eyeglasses with conventional full size area or multifocal lenses.
The lenses here are of approximately one-half or one-third normal
lens area and are without lenses at the top.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein lens retaining rims are provided
with moisture reducing and air-ventilating openings, or wherein
a sweat or moisture absorbing cushion is mounted between the lens rims.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter in which the frame of the spectacles (usually
in the central part of the bridge or temple) may be folded or otherwise
adjusted so that portions of the frame, usually the lens portions
are superposed to lie one upon the other, but which are in the same
plane and alignment when unfolded and opened for use.
(1)
Note. The temples in the above folding spectacles may each
consist of two pivotally connected folding portions, or may be made
of one short piece generally not longer than the spaced lens rims.
However, spectacles where the temples fold on their hinges to lie
along the remaining frame structure is not provided for here but
in the particular mounting subclasses below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter limited to eyeglasses which are provided
with nose gripping means for supporting the lenses before the user"s
eyes.
(1)
Note. The subject matter here is distinct from and does not
include eyeglasses where the support is by temples bearing upon
the ears or sides of the user"s head. See the indented
subclass 66 for pince-nez-type glasses with a temple.
(2)
Note. This and the indented subclasses provide for bridges,
nose grips, and nose pads which are intended for use with pince-nez
eyeglasses as indicted for example by the pince-nez background of the
patent.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein a temple or a chain with a hook is
attached to the lens or rim, as for steadying the pince-nez in position
or for preventing the glasses from falling.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein rimless or rimmed lenses are connected
by a bridge (usually spring) and by a supplemental bridge.
(1)
Note. The subject matter here may provide proper adjustment
of the tension of the spring bridge, may serve for setting the lenses
at the correct pupillary distance, or may be used for shifting the lenses
in a vertical plane.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the lenses are connected by a bridge
which may be extended in length against the biasing action of a
spring as where the bridge comprises two arms sliding one beside
or within the other together with an expandable spiral spring around
the arms to force the lenses nearer together and the nose grips
into contact with each side of the nose.
(1)
Note. The bridge may extend tangentially along the top edges,
behind, or in the plane of the lenses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter including a resilient bridge or a bridge
having resilient portions, the lenses being capable of swinging
movement so that a separating motion of the nose grips is produced.
(1)
Note. The above noted spring-bridges may have loops arranged
in front or in the rear of the lens planes whereby the elasticity
of the bridge material produces pressure on the nose grip to retain
the glasses in position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Devices wherein the bridge or bow spring, the lens connectors
or holders, and the nose guards have a common junction, as by being
interconnected within a box by a screw or pin.
(1)
Note. In the embodiment here a fastener or locking device
may be inserted or forced into the stud-box to prevent loosening
or displacement of the frame members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the nose grips or guards are formed
of resilient material or are combined with a spring to bias the
guards with respect to the bridge to properly engage the nose and
retain the glasses thereon.
(1)
Note. In the modification here the guards may be actuated
by flexible portions in the bow springs, by coil springs interposed
between lens mountings and the nose-engaging member, or by moving
the lenses forwardly against the resiliency of a bridge portion.
However, for classification in this subclass the nose guards must
be biased with respect to at least a portion of the bridge which remains
rigid. A mere bridge of resilient material and flexible over its
length is not provided for here but in the generic subclass 65 above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Subject matter wherein the nose grips include two finger-engaging
lever portions, both being biased as by helical or leaf springs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Devices wherein the nose grips are actuated by springs which
are retained and covered by a hollow cup or barrel.
(1)
Note. In the modification here the pivot and spring that
actuate the guard lever may be mounted and contained within a recess
cut away from a portion of the lens rim.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the nose grips or pads can be adjusted
on their supports in one or more directions so as to fit any shape
of nose.
(1)
Note. The subclass provides for adjustable nose grips or
pads intended for use with pince-nez eyeglasses as indicated for
example by the general pince-nez background in the patent. The above nose
grips or pads are usually adjustable laterlly and longitudinally
and may be secured in the selected position. The modification here
includes also nose grips or pads which are rockably connected to
the support, or which are made from bendable or flexible material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter wherein the nose grips or pads are connected
with the pince-nez bridge or spring by ball-and-socket joints to
cause the grips or pads to assume the proper and most suitable position
relative to the nose.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein resilient, soft or padded elements
are attached to the metallic nose grips or guards which wear on
the nose of a wearer to support pince-nez- type eyeglasses.
(1)
Note. This subclass provides for nose pads or cushions intended
for use with pince-nez eyeglasses as indicted for example by the
general pince-nez background in the patent.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter in which a supplemental pad or supplemental
nose engaging portions are provided on the main bearing pad for
increased gripping action.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the nose pads or the supporting guards
are provided with means whereby the pads may be readily attached
or detached for removal or replacement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the exposed faces of the nose pads
have depressions or grooves, or the pad surfaces are provided with
serrations or corrugations to firmly secure the eyeglasses to the
nose.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the nose contacting portion of the
pad or bridge includes a tube or sac filled with a liquid or a filler
of nonhardening material, or wherein nose pads or bridges have cups
or shells to firmly grip the nose by suction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein undivided continuous metal or plastic
lens surrounding rims are connected by a bridge and are provided
with end pieces and hinges to pivotally connect temples with the
rims.
(1)
Note. The above continuous lens rims are usually made from
plastic base materials and are conventionally interconnected by
an integral plastic bridge. Included here are nonmetallic lens
rims interconnected by a metal bridge which may be detachably secured
to the rims.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein multifocal lenses can be rotated
in the lens rims around an axis perpendicular to the surface of
the lenses so as to bring any desired power sector into the field
of vision.
(1)
Note. Each lens may be revolved separately and independently
of the other or the lenses may be simultaneously rotated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein grooved lens holder rims are formed
with slots in their upper portion through which lenses may be inserted
or removed.
(1)
Note. The slots may be closed by pivoted arms after insertion
of the lenses. The lenses may be supported in a separate mounting
which is removably inserted through the rim-slots into the grooves
of the lens holders.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein the rims have lens receiving grooves
provided with means to frictionally engage the peripheral edge of
a lens, or wherein a member projecting from the groove engages a
notch in the lens to prevent inadvertent rotation of the lens.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein the nose pads are removably secured
as by clamping action on portions of the rims or where the pads
can be adjusted into any desired horizontal or longitudinal position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein symmetrically arranged brace bar
temple supports follow substantially the upper contour shape of
the lens rims.
(1)
Note. The arms may extend upwardly from the rims or may be
set into a groove provided in the upper edge of the rims. The brace
arms however are distinct from the rims.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein lens holding rims connected by a
bridge are divided or separated at one point on their periphery.
(1)
Note. Usually the rims are split at their temporal sides
and have endpieces or lugs which serve to lock the rim members around
the lenses and also carry temple supporting hinges. The above rims
may be formed from metal or plastic material. The rim-splits may
be in line with, above or set at an angle to the center of the lenses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein divided lens holding rims are provided
with metallic or plastic top arms or brow pieces which may be interchangeably
or permanently connected to the rims.
(1)
Note. The brow pieces or top arms are either single units
fitted separately to the upper portion of each rim or may consist of
a pair of top arms connected to each other at their inner portions
by a bridge. Nose pads may be integrally connected with, or may
be adhesively secured to the top arm.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein the lenses are retained within the
mounting as by spring tension members, resilient clamping rims,
hinged clasps or by hinged frame-portions acting as enclosures for
the lens without the use of rivets, screws or other more conventional
fastening devices, thereby making the lenses readily removable and
interchangeable.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein brace bars usually resilient are
secured to and extend laterally along or above the top of divided
rims.
(1)
Note. The brace bars carry lens rim support and/or
temple-hinge means, and provide a wide range of adjustment to different
facial requirements. In this subclass the lens rims may have split ends
at the nasal or at the temporal side thereof. The split ends may
be at the horizontal center line, or may be above the center line
and above the useful field of vision.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein an auxiliary bridge member is detachably
or rigidly attached to the primary bridge.
(1)
Note. The auxiliary bridge member may include pivotable or
fixedly secured nose pad members, and may be made of any suitable
material such as plastic or metal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein the size of the lens receiving opening
of the rims can be expanded or contracted at the split-ends for
properly securing different sizes of lenses in the rims.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherin a lens lock positioned between rim
and lens or between the separable members of a split rim-joint projects
into a notch or recess formed in the periphery of the lens.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein the arms projecting from the divided
protions of lens rims are drawn together by embracing U-type clamps
or by pivoting toggle levers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein the lens rims are divided adjacent
to the bridge at the nasal side of the rims, the temporal edges
of the split rims being continuous and without the conventional rim
connecting arms or studs.
(1)
Note. Included here are frames made from plastic material
wherein the bridge is divided lengthwise to provide split lens rim
portions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein the divided rims carry aligned end
piece lugs provided with a lens rim clamping-screw and a temple
retaining dowel remove from the clamping screw.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein the opposite end of a divided rim
terminate in aligned lugs which are drawn together by a single screw
which tightens the rim around the lens and also affords a pivot
for a temple.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein nonmetallic divided lens rims are
connected with the bridge on the nasal side and with temple hinge
parts on the temporal side by short sections of metallic tubing
surrounding the rims.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein each lens frame is formed by an inner
metallic rim combined with and covered by an outer nonmetallic rim.
(1)
Note. The combined rims are usually split at their temporal
sides and the metallic rim carries rim locking and temple supporting
means. However, each lens frame may comprise a split outside metallic
rim combined with an inside continuous nonmetallic rim or vice versa,
for resiliently and accurately mounting a lens in the frame.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein laterally extending and symmetrically
arranged bars extend from the bridge to the temple connection or
where such bars are disposed over the lenses to connect with the
temples to leave a portion of each lens free or rimless.
(1)
Note. The brace arms may extend rearwardly or upwardly from
the lenses and may be associated into one single element which is
connected with the bridge. For brace arms extending along the edge of
the lens see subclass 109. For brace arms which support a lens at
two spaced points see subclass 108. The brace arms are usually resilient.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter where the brace arms or semirims are made
from nonmetallic material or from plastic material reinforced by
metal embracing the upper contour edges of the lenses, and secure
both the lenses and the temples rigidly to the rim sections.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein the mounting is made up as a unit
of detachably interconnected members such as the brace arms, bridge
and/or nose pad supports.
(1)
Note. The detachable mounting may comprise a central bridge
member having brace arms and brackets attached thereto to detachably
couple the bridge with its brace arms to conventional eyeglasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein the lenses are attached to the mounting
as by channel-like straps clamping the nasal edges of the lenses
or by small arms which engage the upper surface of the peripery
of the lenses, but without the use of screws, rivets, or other fasteners
extending through the lens.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein the brace arms may be readily adjusted
to various positions to conform to the shape of the lenses or wherein
each lens is individually adjustable relative to the brace arm.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein hinged or fixed lens-straps or brackets
are mounted on the brace arms and secure the lenses at two spaced points,
or where the brace arms have a longitudinally extending portion
bearing against the upper contour of the lenses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein relatively long and slender brace
arms extend substantially along the upper contour edges of the lenses
only and terminate in temple connections.
(1)
Note. Where the brace arm actually engages or bears against
the edge of the lens, classification is not here, but in such subclasses
as 89, 93 and 108 above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter where the edges of the lens are free of any
structure such as a rim around substantially all the perimeter.
(1)
Note. In this subclass the sole edge structure is the connections
to the other frame structure such as bridge and/or temple.
The connections may be on opposite edges of the lens at the horizontal
center line, or may be above the horizontal center line and above
the useful field of vision. For classification here the complete
spectacle combination must be claimed. That is the claims must include
the bridge, lenses and temples. For the combination of the temple
and the lens see subclasses 111+. For the combination
of the bridge and one or both lenses see subclasses 124+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including structure secured to the outer
ends of the lenses or their frames and bearing upon the ears or
sides of the user"s head for maintaining the spectacle
in desired position on the user.
(1)
Note. The above noted temples are made from metal or from
a plastic, and may be straight or provided with a hook and bend
at their free ends.
(2)
Note. This subclass provides for the combination of the temple
and the rim or lens.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein a resilient clip or clasp is integral
with or otherwise attached to a temple piece for securing eyeglasses
to an article of wearing apparel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temples are biased by springs
or by elastic metal members in addition to the usual temple structure
either to yieldingly resist outward movement of the temple, or to
engage the head of the wearer with yieldable pressure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temples are flexible throughout
or are provided with flexible portions to yieldingly engage the
side of the head or the ear of the wearer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temple can selectively be used
as a right or left member in connection with the frame, or wherein
the temple may be rotated about its straight portion as an axis,
or wherein the temple may be swung to opposite sides of the frame.
(1)
Note. Included here are temples with pivots permitting the
temples to swivel on the front frame part so that when folded one
of the temples lies in front and the other temple behind the lenses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temple is attached to the remaining
spectacle structure for ready attachment or removal therefrom as
by a hook or ring, or by a snapping or pressing action as distinct
from the usual screw attachment; or wherein the greater part of
the temple may be readily attached or removed from the remaining
part which is more permanently attached to the other spectacle structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temple is made from plastic or
composition material and is reinforced by a metallic core extending throughout
or through the major part of its length.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein two telescopically arranged temple
sections are selectively adjustable together with means for holding
the sections in relative longitudinally adjusted positions.
Joints and Connections,
subclasses 83+ for articulated connections lockable at a fixed
position in general, particularly subclasses 109.1+ for
such connections between telescoping members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temple is composed of two end
to end interengaging parts securely held against disconnection.
(1)
Note. The above noted temples may comprise combine metallic
and nonmetallic parts or may be formed of plastic material only.
Often one part constitutes the ear piece, and the other the straight member.
Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 312+ for hearing-aid temple members consisting of a
rear portion, a forward portion and an extension member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temples are inclined with respect
to the plane of the lenses, thereby positioning the lens frame or
the lenses at an obtuse angle to the temples when rearwardly extended.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temple includes a connection
such as a hinge which connects the temple to the lens or frame.
(1)
Note. This connector may comprise spring loaded hinges or
angularly and lengthwise adjustable hinges. Spectacle hinges are
classifiable, per se, in Class 16, Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bushing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, Door Closer, Panel Hanger, Attachable or Adjunct Handle, Hinge, Window Sash Balance, etc.), subclass 228,
and Class 403, Joints and Connections, subclasses 52+,
even when the claim indicates the hinge is to be used with or in
spectacles. However, the recitation of specific temple features
in combination with the hinge is sufficient for classification in
this subclass 121.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the earpiece of the temple is covered
with nonmetallic material to prevent irritating the skin of a wearer.
(1)
Note. The above noted covering may be produced by dipping
the temple core in an appropriate solution or by providing a flexible
nonmetallic cover around the earpiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temples are provided with slidable
or fixed attachments which contact the wearer"s head or
ear to hold the spectacles firmly in place.
(1)
Note. The above noted temple attachments may comprise cushions,
pads, springs or suction cups.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter limited to structure which interconnects
the rimmed or rimless lenses of spectacles and extends across the
nose of a user.
(1)
Note. The subject matter here does not include resilient
bridges as used in pince-nez mountings. See subclasses 64 and 65+ above
for such subject matter. This subclass provides for the combination
of the bridge and the rim or lens, or the bridge with both rims
or both lenses unless provided for above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the bridge is in the shape of a cross
bar generally extending from the upper edge of one lens holding
means to the upper edge of the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the bridge joining the lens holding
members is made from resilient metal or includes flexible portions.
(1)
Note. The above modification includes coil springs interposed
between the lenses or lens mountings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter wherein the bridge connecting the lens holding
rims is formed of a plurality of flexible hollow ball or link-chain
members.
(1)
Note. These bridges may be readily removable from the lens
rims, and may be adjustable to produce the required distance between
the lenses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the bridge is adjustable as to pupillary
distance between the lenses, and/or to the facial characteristics
of the wearer.
(1)
Note. The bridges may comprise a tubular member and a second
member selectively insertable therein, or the bridges may be deformable
in order to position the lenses properly before the eyes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the bridge has a reinforcing metal
core embedded inside, or disposed on the inner or outer face of
the bridge.
(1)
Note. The reinforcement may be in the form of a straight
piece of wire or may be curved to conform to the curve of the bridge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the usual bridge is supplemented
by an auxiliary universally adaptable nose engaging attachment.
(1)
Note. The above attachment may be in the form of a brace,
a clip or an auxiliary nosepiece.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter including significant nose grip, nose guard,
pad or cushion structure with a bridge or wherein a significant
relationship exists between this structure and the bridge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the bridge has lens or lens-rim supporting
means laterally extending from the ends of the bridge.
(1)
Note. In the embodiment here the bridge may be detachable
from the lens supports, or may be interconnected with supports having
ball-sockets, segmental attaching plates or spring arms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter wherein the bridge and lens straps are made
of an integral piece of metal, or wherein the ends of the bridge
and the lens straps are soldered or welded together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter wherein the bridge has lens clamping members
which usually secure the lenses without screw fasteners and lens
perforations.
(1)
Note. The above bridge-clamps may use a cementitious medium
to secure the lens in the clamping member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including pads or cushions which rest against
the nose of the wearer and thereby prevent contact between the pad-supports
and the nose.
(1)
Note. The above noted pads or cushions may be integral with
the bridge or lens rims or may be carried on the nose grip arms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter wherein the nose pads or cushions are movably
mounted to have proper play or rocking movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter wherein the nose pads and/or its support
has a covering tightly adherent thereto or a coating, which may
be relatively noncorrosive.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter for joining parts of spectacles or eyeglasses
together such as the bridge to the lens or rim, the nosepiece to
the rim or lens, or the temple to the rim or lens.
(1)
Note. This subject matter is restricted to the connector
or the connector with conventional spectacle parts broadly claimed.
Where details of other spectacle parts are recited classification
is in the subclasses above; however, a lens claimed broadly or in
detail together with connectors or mountings is classified here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein screw or bolt-locking means are provided
to prevent loosening of the connecting screw or bolt.
(1)
Note. The subject matter classified here may comprise conical
nuts, springs, washers, and fusible or other locking means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the lens securing device comprised
a strap with spaced ears or arms for engaging the lens therebetween.
(1)
Note. The above noted lens-securing devices are usually provided
in rimless-type spectacles and pince-nez glasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter in which the straps are equipped with reinforcing
braces, supplemental lens gripping ears or rigid pins to securely
embrace or clamp the lens.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein the strap and the lens are securely
locked in assembled relation by the application of cement, solder
or any other suitable bonding material between lens and strap-members.
(1)
Note. The above noted strap and lens connecting means may
be used to secure the bridge strap or the temple strap to the lenses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein resilient cushioning material is
provided between the strap members and the lens and around the connecting screw
or bolt.
(1)
Note. The cushioning material here may be made of rubber,
cardboard, fiber or plastic.
Subject matter under suclass 145 wherein the cushioning
material constitutes a preformed bushing or sleeve which is pressed
into the fastening hole of a lens or into the screw holes in the
strap arms to prevent any play between the mounting and the lens.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein strap arms and screw heads are provided
with serrations for interlocking engagement to prevent loosening
of the interlocked members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein the lens strap connectors are adjustable
to permit changing the position of the lens vertically or horizontally
with reference to the eye, or to permit insertion of lenses of different
shape or dimensions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter including a stud or projection on the strap
or lens engaging in a slot recess or indentation in the other.
(1)
Note. Parts of the above noted mounting strap may engage
with a plurality of slots arranged in the lens at angle to each other,
or the strap may engage a lens-slot of varying width for securing
the lens.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter wherein resilient metal elements, such as
leaf springs, are interposed between the strap member and the adjacent edge
of the lens to maintain the connection between the lens and the
strap flexibly but firmly in proper relation.
(1)
Note. These springs are usually provided in rimless-type
spectacles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein strap-type lens connectors comprise
metal clamps for gripping the surface of a rimless lens without
employment of the usual fastening screw.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein significant hinge details or relationships
are claimed, such as the connector between a plastic temple and
eyeglass rim comprising a metallic hinge member anchored in a slot
or groove of the temple and/or the rim.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including linings for interposition between
the edge of a lens and the rim of a frame or for application around
lenses in rimless spectacles or eyeglasses; also included here are
rims placed around the periphery of lenses to position the axes
of cylindrical or prismatic lenses properly.
(1)
Note. The above noted linings or rims may be made from rubber
resilient metal or glass and may be transparent or colored.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including structure in addition to the spectacle
or eyeglass structure for supporting the spectacles or eyeglasses
during use, or out of vision position.
(1)
Note. For classification here the spectacles must be at least
broadly included in the claim; or the support if claimed alone must
be peculiarly adapted for holding spectacle or eyeglasses. Since
a basic function of the spectacles is to support the lenses on the
user, it is emphasized that the supports here classified are something
in addition to the normal spectacle frames as classified above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein spectacles are without the usual
temples but comprise a strap or chain which embraces the head of
a wearer to support and retain the glasses without irritating the nose
or ears.
(1)
Note. The above straps or chains carry usually means for
adjusting the glasses manually, e.g., up., down, or farther apart
for the correct pupillar distance.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein spectacles have a holder or band
usually connected to the temples and encircling the head or neck
of a wearer to retain and support the spectacles when removed from
their operative position.
(1)
Note. The above holders are usually adjustable longitudinally
of the temples and are removably secured in a selected poisition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein the spectacles or eyeglasses are
combined with additional structure, which may or may not be optical,
and not provided for elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter is limited to lenses with specific optical
characteristics for use in spectacles or eyeglasses, said lenses
having surfaces of spherical, cylindrical or toric curvatures for aiding
vision or for correcting focal errors of the eye.
(1)
Note. The subject matter here is distinct from and does not
include multiple component or compound lens systems designed for
example for taking and exhibiting pictures or for use in binoculars,
telescopes, and microscopes. See Class 359, Optical: Systems and
Elements, subclasses 362+ and 642+ for this subject
matter generally.
(2)
Note. The indented subclass 177 includes processes of making
ophthalmic lenses as defined above and methods of uniting optical
elements to form multifocal lenses wherein steps of grinding or
finishing subsequent to uniting are included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the lenses are peculiarly adapted
to be placed directly in contact with the eyeball and to move with
the eyeball.
(1)
Note. The contact lens may comprise ventilating or lubricating
channels or ducts to obtain free circulation of lacrimal fluid.
The subject matter here may be a compound lens system in which
one element is a contact lens worn on the eye and the other element
is mounted in front of the eye in the manner of the conventional
spectacle lens. The contact lens may comprise a skirt conforming
to the conjunctival sac of the eye, said skirt carrying a lens disposed
in front of but in spaced relation to the cornea.
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein the contact lens comprises two zones
of different focal length, one zone to correct the distance vision
and another zone to correct the reading vision.
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein the contact lens, or a portion thereof
is colored to absorb part of the visible spectrum or to change the
color of the iris in the eye.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the lenses have the property of absorption
of rays in portions of the visible or invisible spectrum, or are
combined with additional structure having this property.
(1)
Note. For classification here an ophthalmic lens must be
included in the claims specifically or broadly if the disclosure
relates to such a lens. Light filters, per se, which may be used
with spectacle lenses are classified in Class 359, Optical: Systems
and Elements, subclasses 885+. These lenses may be polarizing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter wherein multifocal lenses absorb certain
portions of rays in the visible or invisible spectrum, or are combined
with additional structure having such an absorption property.
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter wherein the lenses have vision areas of different
light abosorptive qualities which may differ in density and/or
in frequency (e.g., clear or slightly tinted central glass portions
and deeply colored surrounding areas).
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein one or both surfaces of a lens are
covered with a layer or layers and impact resisting, transparent
and hardened material; or wherein the lens comprises a pair of glass
elements and an intermediate resilient reinforcing adhesive securing
these elements together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the lens is specially adapted to
use after the operation for cataract and corrects by being very
powerful.
(1)
Note. The lens is usually composite comprising a double convex
and a concavo-convex lens secured together, or the lens may comprise
a lenticular support or border portion in which a strong vision
lens is mounted. The above lens may be unifocal or may comprise
lens elements of different refractive indices as to provide a long
vision and a reading section, the diopter range usually being between
10 and 18.
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter wherein the multifocal lens has areas gradually
changing in dioptric power.
(1)
Note. The lens may have countersink and a segment with different
indices of refraction fused therein, or may be formed from one piece
or material by providing a continuously varying radius of curvature.
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter wherein one of the multifocal lens elements
has a specific prismatic correction whose prism base is located
relative to the optical center of the distance and/or intermediate
vision lens sections to give the desired correction.
(1)
Note. The lens section with prismatic correction may be in
the form of a segment fused into a lens countersink or the prismatic
correction may be formed by grinding a desired area of a multifocal lens
made of one piece of material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter wherein multifocal lenses have portions of
three or more focal powers respectively, for example, for near,
intermediate and far vision.
(1)
Note. The above noted lenses may have countersinks and segments
of different refractive powers fused therein, or the lenses may
be formed of one piece of glass and by grinding away the near vision
and intermediate vision portions. The countersinks and segments
as well as the ground-away lens portions in the one piece lenses
may be of different dimensions and shapes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter wherein multiple lens elements of different
refractive indices have their adjacent surfaces joined together
to provide a unitary multifocal lens that has, for example, a long
vision and a reading section.
(1)
Note. The modification here comprises for example a major
glass member having a shallow countersink and a relatively thin
segment fused therein, a thin reading segment fused to a major glass surface,
or the lens members may be held in place by usual frame pieces.
The countersinks and segments may be of different dimensions and
shapes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein one surface of a lens is shaped so
as to give a prescribed image-size correction (magnification) without
refractive power.
(1)
Note. The modification here may comprise the addition of
refractive power by suitably grinding the second surface of the
lens. This subclass also provides for two lenses (one for each
eye), one or both or which may be within the scope of the above
definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the edge of the lens is polished,
beveled or otherwise modified for protecting or reinforcing the
lens for example.
(1)
Note. The modification here is integral with the lens. Subclass
154 above provides for linings and rims separate from the lens.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the lens is formed with a wedge or
tapered cross section to deflect, for example, the light path from
the object to the eye, or to correct strabismus or eye deviation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein one of the lens surfaces has a spherical
curvature providing dioptrics or lens powers for correction of focal
errors of the eye and/or wherein one lens curvature may
be in cylindrical or toric form to compensate for astigmatic errors
of the eye.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter including processes of making ophthalmic
lenses as there defined and not otherwise classifiable.
(1)
Note. Class 451 provides for grinding or polishing a lens;
Class 65 provides for fusion bonding of glass lenses; while Class
156 provides for adhesive bonding of such lenses. The patents classified
in this subclass 177 usually claim combinations of these methods,
which are beyond the scope of any one of the above classes. See
also the reference to these classes below.
(2)
Note. This subclass includes processes for forming contact
lenses adapted to be in contact with the eyeball, as opposed to the
fitting of contact lenses to the eye which are classified in subclass
40 above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including processes of making spectacles
and eyeglasses, securing an eyeglass lens to its support, or of
assembling lenses in spectacle frames.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including ophthalmic instruments, optical
systems and methods for testing vision, for optical examination
and diagnosis (and treatment) with respect to disease and irregularities
of the eye, and for ascertaining lenses for correcting errors of
refraction or other defects of the eye.
(1)
Note. The instruments may comprise supporting bases corneal
microscopes, slit lamps and other eye illuminating means, adjustable
head or chin resting devices, and illuminable targets. The instruments
here are concerned with for example the measuring and testing of
the vision characteristics of the eye for the purpose of correcting
any determined visual defects. These instruments are associated
with the visual path of the eye either for viewing the interior
of the eye through the visual path or by utilizing the visual path
during the measurement or test. Instruments especially for examining
or diagnosing the eye which do not involve its visual path are classified
here, if they are essentially optical. However, instruments for
treating the eye, or for examining the eye when not optical and not
associated with the visual path are classifiable elsewhere. For
example, Class 600, Surgery, subclasses 398+ for Tonometry,
Class 351, subclasses 41+ for spectacles and eyeglasses
and Class 601, Surgery: Kinesitherapy subclass 37 for eye exercising
devices. Multipurpose instruments which measure or test within
the scope of this subclass, but also perform some nonoptical eye
test not associated with the visual path or perform some treatment
of the eye are classifiable here, especially in the indented subclass
203.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including instruments used for testing simultaneous
binocular vision for determining space perception and determining
the condition of prismatic imbalance, both vertically and laterally,
of a pair of eyes.
(1)
Note. The above instruments may polarize the light in crossed
planes coming from the different portions of a target, or may present
pairs of half stereograms to the respective eyes, or may present
a plurality of independently movable targets so that the correct
optical positions for true image convergence or true stereopsis
are obtained.
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter relates to apparatus for detecting the state
of extrinsic ocular muscles and for determining the amount of imbalance
or insufficiency thereof.
(1)
Note. Spaced apart target means in conjunction with binocular
polarizing viewers may be utilized in the above apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including multipurpose instruments, which
serve to examine and test the eye to rectify defective vision, and
which may be used to subject the eyes to a controlled muscle strain
period or flashed illumintion for training and exercising purposes.
(1)
Note. The above instruments may comprise prismatic lenses
of adjustable power, stereoscopic devices, or movable test objects
for exercising ocular muscles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including instruments for ascertaining the
accurate distance between the pupils of a patient’s eyes
so that spectacle frames and/or eyeglass lenses will be
properly related to the pupils.
(1)
Note. Included here are instruments to accurately determine
the best size and vision field placement of multifocal segments.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including instruments for examining the eye
of a patient independently of the patient"s perceptions
of responses, for example, by observing a light or image directed
onto or into the eye to diagnose the eye or to ascertain the power
of refraction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter including means for blocking undesirable
reflections from the eye, or from elements in the optical path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter including means for indicating when the photographing
instrument and the eye are at the proper alignment or distance with respect
to each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter wherein light rays or images of illuminated
targets or reticules are projected onto a selected plane in the
eye or a patient during examination.
(1)
Note. The above noted targets may be used with monocular
or binocular testing instruments and the images may be directed
into the eye by mirrors or prisms which intersect the line of vision.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter including a filter or absorber wherein a
light beam directed into a patient"s eye is of a specific
color or wave length, or wherein the luminous intensity of the light
is weakened to a desired magnitude by appropriate absorbers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter in which a movable diaphragm or narrow slit
is provided through which a strong light is passes into the eye
being tested.
(1)
Note. The above instruments employ usually artificial light,
e.g., Neon light, and the diaphragm or slit is adjustable to determine
refraction deficiencies of the eye.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter including a light polarizer wherein the light
which is directed into or emerges from the eye of a patient is polarized to
avoid reflexes and to obtain the greatest possible intensity of
illumination and image-clarity.
(1)
Note. The above light polarizers may comprise two adjustable
light polarizing foils, or the foils may polarize the light linearly
so that their planes of oscillation are at right angles to each
other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter wherein adjustably mounted test lens(es)
are selectively placed in front of the observed eye for measuring
the refraction of the eye so as to provide correcting lenses therefor.
(1)
Note. The lenses may be spherical, cylindrical or prismatic,
and may be insertable in monocular or binocular test instruments,
which may be portable or fixedly mounted in a physicians"s
office.
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter wherein multiple test lenses are eccentrically
mounted on either a single rotary disc or a pair of rotary discs.
(1)
Note. The lens discs in this generic subclass are used in
monocular or binocular test instruments which are usually permanently
mounted in the office of the oculist. Plural superimposed discs
used in the instrument are mounted for rotation about a common axis
so as to successively align the test lenses with coaxial sight openings
in the discs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter includes test instruments with rotatable
multiple lens discs which are portable and held in hand during examination.
(1)
Note. The above instruments may comprise an electrical light
source adjustable mounted inside the handle or battery casing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter wherein a light deflecting device, such as
a mirror or reflector has two reflecting surfaces, offset with respect
to each other, in order to provide a sight opening for the oculist
to view the eye.
(1)
Note. The surfaces of the above deflecting device may be
angled relative to each other so that the reflected beams cross
or overlap each other as they enter the eye.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter relating to devices including a light source
for internal or external illumination of the eye during examination
and/or photographing thereof.
(1)
Note. Included here are light source devices for controlled
illumination of vision test charts used in the practice of optometry,
slit lamps with or without fibre-optical image-transfer devices,
and illuminators in the form of a contact lens fitting over the
scieral area of the eye.
Illumination, appropriate subclasses for portable and self-contained
illuminators combined with other instruments in general, for battery
powered lamps; and for illumination projectors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including instruments through which the patient
views a test object (target) or the test object so viewed, for detecting
various ocular characteristics or deficiencies of the patient or
for prescribing necessary corrections for the patient"s
vision based on the patient"s perceptions or responses.
(1)
Note. The above instruments may be permanent or nonportable
installations in the office of an examining physician, or may be
portable and conveniently carried units.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter includes eye testing devices which may be
operated by a person testing his own eyes.
(1)
Note. The device is usually inside a cabinet holding a plurality
of pairs of eyeglasses for displaying, selecting and/or vending
such glasses. Eyeglasses of varying strength are brought successively
into the line of vision of the person desiring glasses until the
spectacles best fitting the person"s eyes are determined.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter including a surface usually illuminated from
a light source together with test targets movable along the inside
face of the surface, which targets are viewed by the patient undergoing
eye examination for determining fiel of vision.
(1)
Note. The above instruments may comprise electromagnetical
recording devices which recieve impulses from a photoeclectric cell.
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Subject matter wherein the surface is shaped as a hollow
hemispherical bowl or cup carrying inside suitable test patterns
or targets which are viewed by the patient.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter including frame structure for removably,
adjustably and selectively supporting test lenses before the patient"s
eyes during examination, the structure being adjustable to the features
of the patient"s head.
(1)
Note. The adjustment to the patient"s features may
include lateral and vertical adjustment, angular adjustment between the
temples and the center part of the frame, and interpupilar distance.
The test-lens support may include a ring type holder which may
be rotated and may be provided with a graduated scale to ascertain
the axial line and position of a cylindrical or prismatic lens.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including structure for selecting near and
far vision portions of multifocal lenses, demonstrating optical
characteristics of multifocal lens segments, and for properly locating
the segments relative to the basic lens and the eyes of the patient.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including frame structure for selectively
supporting a plurality of different test lenses in series in separate
spaced apart relation, and usually having open-topped ring-type
holders.
(1)
Note. The above test lens holders may comprise graduated
axis scales, and may be adjusted for pupiliary distance and other
facial requirements of different individuals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including individual lens holders for single
test lenses which may be temporarily and interchangeably inserted
into trial or conventional eyeglass frames.
(1)
Note. The above lens holders carry usually projecting handles
or calibrated dials which bear date indentifying each lens as by
sphere, diopter and axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter wherein adjustable light polarizing means
are positioned in the light beam of a projected test-image and/or
before each eye of a patient viewing a test target.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter wherein the instrument includes selective
lenses or spectacle frames carrying lenses of different power movable
into and out of eye testing position until errors of refraction are
determined, proper lenses have been found and/or corrected
vision is obtained.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the person undergoing eye examination
views a test object through test lenses mounted in a circle on one
or several rotatable discs, each lens having a different spherical,
cylindrical or light absorbing power.
(1)
Note. The above eye testing instruments may comprise illumination
means functioning electrically in conjunction with a timing and
time indicating apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein two eye testing units, one for each
eye, are supported on a standard, each of the units comprising a
plurality of rotatable test lens discs, which are superposed and
mounted on or in the same housing or baseplate on a common central
axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein individual trial lenses or optical
systems comprising plural superimposed adjustable lenses are movable
along the optical axis before the eyes of a patient in a plane vertical
to the direction of sight.
(1)
Note. The above lenses or optical systems may be in monocular
or binocular test instruments, and may comprise sets of reflecting
prisms intersecting the line of sight.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter wherein a still projector casts one or more
illuminated chart or target images on a screen for use in vision
testing.
(1)
Note. Included here are two-dimensional and/or stereoscopic
reading-training projectors which are successively fed sequential
frames of intelligence on strips or circular discs.
Subject matter under suclass 237 wherein written material
or other target-subject matter us projected onto a screen or shown
on a panel for controlled short periods of time to test the reading
ability or visual acuity of an individual"s eyes.
(1)
Note. Class 434, particularly subclasses 159+, 167+,
185 and 327+ in some respects are similar to this subclass, these
subclasses containing targets or reading charts and viewing devices.
In this Class 351 the devices are directed as their primary purpose
to testing the acuity of vision of an individual with short, accurate
and selective timing, while in Class 434 the devices are dierected
to the general purpose of testing knowledge or instructing in characteristics
of article.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter including charts with movable or stationary
patterns or targets for either direct reading, or in relation with
an optical instrument for testing or otherwise determining visual
acuity or errors of refraction of the eye.
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter comprising stereoscopic or depth perception
target-charts, such as used for testing muscle-imbalance and or
depth perception of the eye.
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter comprising eye test charts having for example
changeable color lines or colored contour bands, to determine the
axis and amount of astigmatism and the required cylindrical lens
axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter relating to polychromatic charts or plates
used in color deficiency or color sensitivity test, the plates or
charts exposing to the viewer s:graphic representations of different particular
colors and/or varying intensity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter including structure for illuminating the
chart or target, or for backlighting perforated or translucent symbols.
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter wherein reading charts or test targets are
supported by and individually exhibited at a display window of a
cabinet or removably secured to a base board or handle.
(1)
Note. The above noted chart supporting cabinets may be foldable
and portable and may comprise reflecting mirrors or electrical illuminators.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter relates to adjustable stands or bases which
support ophthalmic diagnostic test instruments for test charts.
(1)
Note. Included here are instrument supports with or without
test chart holders comprising adjustable head and chin rests for
the patient while under eye inspection or treatment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including the methods of operating or utilizing
the instruments as defined in this subclass for the purpose of examining
or testing the eyes.
(1)
Note. The subclass does not provide for methods of making
lenses except where fitting is involved as indicated in the indented
subclass. Methods of making spectacles or lenses therefor are classified
in subclass 177 unless provided for elsewhere as indicated in the
search notes appended thereto. In general the original patents
classified here have only method claims. If claims are included
to both the testing instrument structure and the method of operating
the instrument, the classification is with the instrument in the
subclasses above, with a cross reference to these method subclasses.
Subject matter under subclass limited to process for measuring
and determining the curvature of a patient"s eyeball so
that the bearing surfaces of a contact lens may be made to fit the
eyeball accurately.
(1)
Note. The above fitting processes may include photographing
the eye, projecting a silhouette of the contour of a mold or cast,
or otherwise making accurate eye measurements to fit contact lenses
of suitable shape and characteristics to the eye. Included also
here are methods for fitting contact lenses by taking molds of the
eye and forming an eye fitting cast of the mold.
(2)
Note. When modification of the contact lens such as grinding,
polishing or otherwise altering the shape of the lens is done concurrently
with and necessary to the fitting, as opposed to the making of the
preliminary blank, classification is in this subclass. However,
subclass 177 below provides for methods of making contact lenses
with the scope of its subclass definition where no fitting of the lens
is involved.
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