Printer-Friendly Version
CHAPTER 2 TABLES NOT DISPLAYED IN TEXT
Table A2-2.1. Number of Leaves Taken:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Number |
Percent of Leave-Takers |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1 |
73.8% |
75.2% |
2 |
16.3% |
14.5% |
3 or more |
10.0% |
10.2% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.2. Length of Longest Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Length of Longest Leave |
Percent of Leave-Takers |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1- 3 days |
10.0% |
12.3% |
4 – 5 days |
24.4% |
21.5% |
6 – 10 days |
20.2% |
20.3% |
11 – 20 days |
12.7% |
12.1% |
21 – 30 days |
8.0% |
6.8% |
31 – 40 days |
7.4% |
7.9% |
41 – 60 days |
8.0% |
9.2% |
More than 60 days |
9.3% |
9.9% |
Number of Leave-Takers |
20,359,640 |
23,830,305 |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.3. Reason for Leave Within Length of Leave Groups: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Leave-Takers Within Each Length Category (Row Percent) |
|
Length of Longest Leave** |
Own Health |
Maternity-Disability |
Care for Newborn, Newly Adopted or Foster Child |
Care for Ill Child |
Care for Ill Spouse |
Care for Ill Parent |
Number of
Leave-Takers |
1 – 3 days |
33.2% |
-- |
15.6% |
22.0% |
11.6% |
16.9% |
2,888,266 |
4 – 5 days |
37.3% |
-- |
23.1% |
10.8% |
10.0% |
16.8% |
5,037,080 |
6 – 10 days |
43.4% |
-- |
15.8% |
15.5% |
5.5% |
17.2% |
4,760,928 |
11 – 30 days |
61.9% |
7.4% |
12.8% |
7.3% |
-- |
7.8% |
4,444,064 |
31 – 60 days |
53.1% |
18.1% |
22.9% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
3,990,431 |
More than 60 days |
53.7% |
22.5% |
17.8% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
2,316,369 |
** Difference across length of leave groups is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Row percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees
Table A2-2.4. Demographic Characteristics of Leave-Takers Versus Other Employees:
2000 Survey
|
Percent of Leave-Takers |
Percent of Other Employees |
Percent of All Employees |
Gender** |
|
|
|
Male |
41.9% |
53.2% |
51.3% |
Female |
58.1% |
46.8% |
48.7% |
Age** |
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
10.0% |
15.8% |
14.8% |
25 – 34 |
27.8% |
21.8% |
22.8% |
35 – 49 |
39.7% |
39.5% |
39.6% |
50 – 64 |
20.4% |
19.7% |
19.8% |
65 or over |
2.1% |
3.2% |
3.0% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
76.2% |
78.2% |
77.9% |
Black non-Hispanic |
10.6% |
9.4% |
9.6% |
Hispanic |
8.2% |
7.0% |
7.2% |
Asian |
2.2% |
2.9% |
2.8% |
All others |
2.8% |
2.5% |
2.6% |
Marital Status** |
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
75.0% |
65.7% |
67.2% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
12.7% |
10.1% |
10.5% |
Never been married |
12.3% |
24.2% |
22.3% |
Children Under 18 in Household** |
|
|
|
None |
40.4% |
63.3% |
59.5% |
One or more |
59.6% |
36.7% |
40.5% |
Education |
|
|
|
Less than high school |
5.9% |
5.1% |
5.2% |
High school graduate |
27.9% |
30.0% |
29.6% |
Some college |
32.8% |
27.7% |
28.6% |
College graduate |
22.2% |
26.2% |
25.5% |
Graduate school |
11.2% |
11.0% |
11.1% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
14.9% |
16.4% |
16.2% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
12.4% |
14.0% |
13.7% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
25.5% |
24.8% |
25.0% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
25.7% |
22.5% |
23.1% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
11.3% |
12.2% |
12.1% |
$100,000 or more |
10.2% |
10.0% |
10.0% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
|
Salaried |
36.4% |
37.4% |
37.3% |
Hourly |
54.5% |
50.8% |
51.4% |
Other |
9.1% |
11.8% |
11.3% |
Population Totals |
23,830,305 |
120,188,991 |
144,019,296 |
** Difference between leave-takers and other employees is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.5. Demographic Characteristics of Leave-Takers: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Takers |
|
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Gender |
|
|
Male |
43.8% |
41.9% |
Female |
56.2% |
58.1% |
Age |
|
|
18 – 24 |
11.1% |
10.0% |
25 – 34 |
30.1% |
27.8% |
35 – 49 |
40.8% |
39.7% |
50 – 64** |
15.1% |
20.4% |
65 or over |
2.9% |
2.1% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
78.2% |
76.2% |
Black non-Hispanic |
10.9% |
10.6% |
Hispanic |
8.9% |
8.2% |
Asian |
NA |
2.2% |
All others |
2.0% |
2.8% |
Marital Status |
|
|
Married/Living with partner* |
70.9% |
75.0% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed* |
16.4% |
12.7% |
Never been married |
12.7% |
12.3% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
None* |
45.5% |
40.4% |
One or more* |
54.5% |
59.6% |
Education |
|
|
Less than high school** |
10.3% |
5.9% |
High school graduate |
26.8% |
27.9% |
Some college |
29.5% |
32.8% |
College graduate |
19.5% |
22.2% |
Graduate school |
13.8% |
11.2% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
Less than $20,000* |
18.8% |
14.9% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000** |
18.3% |
12.4% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000** |
30.6% |
25.5% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000** |
19.0% |
25.7% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
8.8% |
11.3% |
$100,000 or more** |
4.5% |
10.2% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
Salaried |
36.5% |
36.4% |
Hourly |
54.5% |
54.5% |
Other |
9.0% |
9.1% |
Number of Leave-Takers |
20,359,640 |
23,830,305 |
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates Asian was not a race category in the 1995 survey. Asians are included in "All others."
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.6. Reasons for All Leaves Taken Within Demographic Groups: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Leave-Takers in Each Demographic Category that Took at Least One Leave for Following Reasons(1) |
|
Own Health |
Maternity-Disability |
Care for Newborn, Newly Adopted or Foster Child |
Care for Ill Child |
Care for Ill Spouse |
Care for Ill Parent |
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
57.6%** |
& |
22.8%* |
10.4% |
7.5% |
11.0% |
Female |
48.6% |
13.6% |
15.3% |
12.2% |
5.5% |
14.5% |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
57.1%** |
24.2% |
20.9%** |
-- ** |
-- ** |
-- ** |
25 – 34 |
34.9% |
13.5% |
40.0% |
10.7% |
3.4% |
6.9% |
35 – 49 |
54.7% |
4.5% |
10.0% |
18.1% |
6.1% |
16.6% |
50 or over |
67.7% |
& |
-- |
4.5% |
12.4% |
15.8% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
52.3% |
7.4% |
18.4% |
10.1% |
6.3% |
14.5%** |
Black non-Hispanic |
62.4% |
9.6% |
10.2% |
22.4% |
-- |
10.4% |
Hispanic |
42.1% |
10.2% |
31.5% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
All others |
49.0% |
-- |
16.3% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Marital Status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
47.7%** |
8.9% |
22.4%** |
9.9% |
7.9% |
12.1% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
61.2% |
-- |
-- |
19.1% |
-- |
15.1% |
Never been married |
70.3% |
7.3% |
9.8% |
13.6% |
& |
15.8% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
|
|
|
|
None |
70.3%** |
-- ** |
5.7%** |
3.5%** |
8.3%** |
18.5%** |
One or more |
40.1% |
13.2% |
27.1% |
16.9% |
5.0% |
9.3% |
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High school graduate or less |
59.8%** |
8.9% |
15.6% |
11.0% |
6.4% |
11.0%** |
Some college |
56.3% |
7.1% |
15.0% |
13.1% |
5.7% |
11.3% |
College graduate |
46.4% |
8.0% |
24.7% |
10.5% |
6.2% |
12.5% |
Graduate school |
29.4% |
7.4% |
24.9% |
10.0% |
8.6% |
25.5% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
55.4%** |
17.7%** |
15.5%* |
11.0% |
-- |
12.4% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
62.2% |
-- |
13.4% |
12.9% |
-- |
11.2% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
61.5% |
6.8% |
13.0% |
16.8% |
5.6% |
10.9% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
47.2% |
9.8% |
17.7% |
8.9% |
8.2% |
15.7% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
40.4% |
8.8% |
25.4% |
8.1% |
5.4% |
15.0% |
$100,000 or more |
38.3% |
-- |
41.0% |
9.7% |
-- |
14.6% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaried |
41.8%** |
6.5% |
24.7%** |
9.6% |
8.9%** |
15.6%* |
Hourly |
60.1% |
9.3% |
14.4% |
12.8% |
5.0% |
10.5% |
Other |
47.2% |
-- |
18.0% |
11.3% |
-- |
18.1% |
(1) Rows do not sum to 100% because some respondents took more than one leave.
* Difference among demographic groups is significant at p<.10.
** Difference among demographic groups is significant at p<.05.
& No significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.7. Leave-Taking Within Demographic Groups: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Employees Within Each Demographic Category that Took Leave (for a Covered Reason) |
|
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Gender |
|
|
Male |
12.7% |
13.5% |
Female |
20.0% |
19.8% |
Age |
|
|
18 – 24 |
12.8% |
11.2% |
25 – 34 |
21.1% |
20.2% |
35 – 49 |
15.8% |
16.6% |
50 – 64** |
12.9% |
17.0% |
65 or over |
14.4% |
11.6% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
15.0% |
16.2% |
Black non-Hispanic |
19.7% |
18.3% |
Hispanic |
20.2% |
18.9% |
Asian |
NA |
12.8% |
All others |
16.0% |
18.2% |
Marital Status |
|
|
Married/Living with partner* |
16.4% |
18.5% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
19.6% |
20.0% |
Never been married |
11.7% |
9.2% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
None |
12.8% |
11.3% |
One or more** |
20.2% |
24.4% |
Education |
|
|
Less than high school |
21.4% |
18.7% |
High school graduate |
14.7% |
15.6% |
Some college |
16.3% |
19.0% |
College graduate |
14.5% |
14.4% |
Graduate school |
17.8% |
16.7% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
16.9% |
16.5% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
19.2% |
16.2% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
16.0% |
18.3% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000* |
15.7% |
19.9% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
17.5% |
16.8% |
$100,000 or more |
16.7% |
18.1% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
Salaried |
15.5% |
16.2% |
Hourly |
17.2% |
17.6% |
Other |
12.6% |
13.3% |
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates Asian was not a race category in the 1995 survey. Asians are included in "All others."
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.8. Demographic Characteristics by Reason for Longest Leave, Based on Total
Employee Population: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Employees in Each Demographic Category that Took Their Longest Leave for Following Reasons |
|
Own Health |
Maternity-Disability |
Care for Newborn, Newly Adopted or Foster Child |
Care for Ill Child |
Care for Ill Spouse |
Care for Ill Parent |
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
6.9% |
& |
2.9% |
1.2% |
0.9% |
1.4% |
Female |
8.6% |
2.6% |
3.0% |
2.0% |
1.0% |
2.4% |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
5.5% |
2.7% |
2.1% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
25 – 34 |
5.9% |
2.7% |
7.9% |
1.7% |
0.6% |
1.4% |
35 – 49 |
8.0% |
0.7% |
1.6% |
2.6% |
0.9% |
2.5% |
50 or over |
10.6% |
& |
-- |
0.7% |
1.8% |
2.1% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
7.8% |
1.2% |
2.9% |
1.3% |
0.9% |
2.0% |
Black non-Hispanic |
8.5% |
1.8% |
1.7% |
3.8% |
-- |
1.6% |
Hispanic |
6.3% |
2.0% |
6.1% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
All others |
7.0% |
-- |
2.3% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Marital Status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
7.8% |
1.6% |
4.0% |
1.5% |
1.3% |
2.0% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
11.5% |
-- |
-- |
3.5% |
-- |
2.7% |
Never been married |
5.5% |
0.7% |
0.8% |
-- |
& |
1.0% |
Children Under 18 in Household** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
None |
7.6% |
-- |
0.6% |
0.4% |
0.8% |
1.7% |
One or more |
7.9% |
3.1% |
6.4% |
3.5% |
1.2% |
2.1% |
Education* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High school graduate or less |
8.8% |
1.4% |
2.3% |
1.3% |
1.0% |
1.3% |
Some college |
9.2% |
1.3% |
2.8% |
2.3% |
1.0% |
2.0% |
College graduate |
5.9% |
1.2% |
3.5% |
1.3% |
0.8% |
1.7% |
Graduate school |
4.8% |
1.2% |
4.2% |
1.3% |
1.3% |
3.7% |
Table A2-2.8. Demographic Characteristics by Reason for Longest Leave, Based on Total
Employee Population: 2000 Survey (continued)
|
Percent of Employees in Each Demographic Category that Took Their Longest Leave for Following Reasons |
|
Own Health |
Maternity-Disability |
Care for Newborn, Newly Adopted or Foster Child |
Care for Ill Child |
Care for Ill Spouse |
Care for Ill Parent |
Annual Family Income* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
7.8% |
2.9% |
2.5% |
1.5% |
-- |
1.4% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
9.4% |
-- |
1.9% |
1.8% |
-- |
1.7% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
9.2% |
1.2% |
2.1% |
2.6% |
0.9% |
1.6% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
8.7% |
1.8% |
3.5% |
1.6% |
1.6% |
2.8% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
6.7% |
1.5% |
4.3% |
1.4% |
-- |
2.2% |
$100,000 or more |
5.8% |
-- |
7.4% |
1.2% |
-- |
2.6% |
Compensation Type** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaried |
6.2% |
1.0% |
3.9% |
1.4% |
1.3% |
2.3% |
Hourly |
9.2% |
1.6% |
2.4% |
1.8% |
0.8% |
1.5% |
Other |
6.0% |
-- |
2.3% |
1.4% |
-- |
2.3% |
* Difference between demographic groups is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between demographic groups is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
& Indicates no significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees
Table A2-2.9. Demographic Characteristics by Reason for Longest Leave, Based on Total
Employee Population: 1995 Survey
|
Percent of Employees in Each Demographic Category that Took Their Longest Leave for Following Reasons |
|
Own Health |
Maternity-Disability |
Care for Newborn, Newly Adopted or Foster Child |
Care for Ill Child |
Care for Ill Spouse |
Care for Ill Parent |
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
8.5% |
& |
1.9% |
0.8% |
0.7% |
0.8% |
Female |
11.4% |
1.7% |
2.7% |
2.0% |
0.4% |
1.8% |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
7.5% |
1.3% |
2.3% |
1.1% |
-- |
-- |
25 – 34 |
9.0% |
1.9% |
5.9% |
2.6% |
0.6% |
1.1% |
35 – 49 |
10.5% |
-- |
1.5% |
1.2% |
0.5% |
1.7% |
50 or over |
10.9% |
& |
-- |
-- |
0.9% |
0.8% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
9.2% |
0.6% |
2.3% |
1.1% |
0.6% |
1.2% |
Black non-Hispanic |
12.4% |
-- |
1.7% |
2.4% |
-- |
-- |
Hispanic |
11.5% |
-- |
2.7% |
-- |
& |
-- |
All others |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
& |
-- |
Marital Status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
8.9% |
1.0% |
2.9% |
1.7% |
0.7% |
1.2% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
14.9% |
-- |
1.2% |
1.1% |
-- |
1.5% |
Never been married |
9.4% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
& |
1.0% |
Children Under 18 in Household** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
None |
10.7% |
-- |
-- |
0.3% |
0.5% |
1.3% |
One or more |
8.7% |
1.7% |
5.2% |
2.7% |
0.7% |
1.1% |
Education* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High school graduate or less |
11.0% |
0.5% |
1.8% |
1.4% |
0.6% |
0.7% |
Some college |
9.8% |
0.9% |
2.2% |
1.4% |
0.8% |
1.3% |
College graduate |
7.7% |
1.1% |
2.8% |
1.2% |
-- |
1.3% |
Graduate school |
9.9% |
-- |
3.1% |
1.5% |
-- |
2.2% |
Table A2-2.9. Demographic Characteristics by Reason for Longest Leave, Based on Total
Employee Population: 1995 Survey (continued)
|
Percent of Employees in Each Demographic Category that Took Their Longest Leave for Following Reasons |
|
Own Health |
Maternity-Disability |
Care for Newborn, Newly Adopted or Foster Child |
Care for Ill Child |
Care for Ill Spouse |
Care for Ill Parent |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
11.7% |
-- |
2.3% |
1.1% |
-- |
0.9% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
12.2% |
-- |
1.9% |
2.9% |
1.0% |
-- |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
10.3% |
0.8% |
2.1% |
1.1% |
0.6% |
1.1% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
8.4% |
0.9% |
2.8% |
1.3% |
0.9% |
1.3% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
9.2% |
-- |
3.2% |
-- |
0.9% |
2.2% |
$100,000 or more |
7.1% |
-- |
3.7% |
-- |
& |
-- |
Compensation Type** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaried |
8.3% |
0.9% |
2.9% |
1.1% |
0.5% |
1.8% |
Hourly |
11.3% |
0.7% |
2.0% |
1.7% |
0.8% |
0.8% |
Other |
8.5% |
-- |
1.3% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
* Difference between demographic groups is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between demographic groups is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
& Indicates no significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees
Table A2-2.10. Demographic Characteristics of Leave-Needers Versus Other
Employees: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of
Leave-Needers |
Percent of Other Employees |
Percent of All
Employees |
Gender |
|
|
|
Male |
46.0% |
51.5% |
51.3% |
Female |
54.0% |
48.5% |
48.7% |
Age |
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
8.6% |
15.0% |
14.8% |
25 – 34 |
27.3% |
22.7% |
22.8% |
35 – 49 |
41.7% |
39.5% |
39.6% |
50 – 64 |
20.5% |
19.8% |
19.8% |
65 or over |
-- |
3.1% |
3.0% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
72.3% |
78.0% |
77.9% |
Black non-Hispanic |
12.7% |
9.5% |
9.6% |
Hispanic |
8.8% |
7.1% |
7.2% |
Asian |
-- |
2.7% |
2.8% |
All others |
-- |
2.6% |
2.6% |
Marital Status** |
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
68.5% |
67.2% |
67.2% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
18.6% |
10.3% |
10.5% |
Never been married |
13.0% |
22.5% |
22.3% |
Children Under 18 in Household** |
|
|
|
None |
45.0% |
59.9% |
59.5% |
One or more |
55.0% |
40.1% |
40.5% |
Education |
|
|
|
Less than high school |
8.4% |
5.2% |
5.2% |
High school graduate |
28.2% |
29.7% |
29.6% |
Some college |
26.5% |
28.6% |
28.6% |
College graduate |
27.4% |
25.5% |
25.5% |
Graduate school |
9.5% |
11.1% |
11.1% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
16.8% |
16.1% |
16.2% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
16.3% |
13.6% |
13.7% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
24.3% |
25.0% |
25.0% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
27.2% |
22.9% |
23.1% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
7.0% |
12.2% |
12.1% |
$100,000 or more |
8.3% |
10.1% |
10.0% |
Compensation Type** |
|
|
|
Salaried |
23.8% |
37.6% |
37.3% |
Hourly |
62.3% |
51.1% |
51.4% |
Other |
13.9% |
11.3% |
11.3% |
** Difference between leave-needers and other employees is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.11. Demographic Characteristics of Leave-Needers:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Needers |
|
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Gender |
|
|
Male |
53.1% |
46.0% |
Female |
46.9% |
54.0% |
Age |
|
|
18 – 24 |
9.3% |
8.6% |
25 – 34 |
29.3% |
27.3% |
35 – 49 |
40.5% |
41.7% |
50 – 64 |
19.7% |
20.5% |
65 or over |
-- |
-- |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
71.8% |
72.3% |
Black non-Hispanic |
16.9% |
12.7% |
Hispanic |
8.7% |
8.8% |
Asian |
NA |
-- |
All others |
-- |
-- |
Marital Status |
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
64.7% |
68.5% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
21.8% |
18.6% |
Never been married |
13.5% |
13.0% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
None |
45.9% |
45.0% |
One or more |
54.1% |
55.0% |
Education |
|
|
Less than high school |
9.0% |
8.4% |
High school graduate |
26.0% |
28.2% |
Some college* |
35.8% |
26.5% |
College graduate** |
17.0% |
27.4% |
Graduate school |
12.3% |
9.5% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
23.5% |
16.8% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
19.0% |
16.3% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
30.6% |
24.3% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000** |
14.9% |
27.2% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
8.9% |
7.0% |
$100,000 or more** |
-- |
8.3% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
Salaried |
29.0% |
23.8% |
Hourly |
61.3% |
62.3% |
Other |
9.6% |
13.9% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
NA Indicates Asian was not a race category in the 1995 survey. Asians are included in "All others."
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.12. Reasons for Not Taking Leave, Based on Total Employee
Population: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Reason for Not Taking Leave |
Percent of All Employees |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Thought job might be lost |
1.0% |
0.8% |
Thought job advancement might be hurt |
0.7% |
1.0% |
Did not want to lose seniority |
0.5% |
0.7% |
Not eligible—worked part-time* |
0.5% |
0.3% |
Not eligible—had not worked long enough for employer |
NA |
0.4% |
Employer denied request |
0.3% |
0.5% |
Could not afford to take leave |
2.2% |
1.9% |
Wanted to save leave time |
0.9% |
0.8% |
Work is too important |
1.3% |
1.3% |
Some other reason |
NA |
0.3% |
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
NA Indicates item not asked in 1995 survey.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.13. Reasons for Most Recent Needed Leave:
2000 Survey
Reason for Needing Leave |
Percent of Leave-Needers |
Own health |
47.2% |
Maternity-disability |
-- |
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed foster child |
6.9% |
Care for ill child |
17.4% |
Care for ill spouse |
7.3% |
Care for ill parent |
19.7% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.14. Demographic Characteristics by Reasons for All Leaves Taken,
Based on Total Employee Population: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Employees in Each Demographic Category that Took at Least One Leave for Following Reasons |
|
Own Health |
Maternity-Disability |
Care for Newborn, Newly Adopted or Foster Child |
Care for Ill Child |
Care for Ill Spouse |
Care for Ill Parent |
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
7.8%* |
& |
3.1% |
1.4%** |
1.0% |
1.5%** |
Female |
9.6% |
2.7% |
3.0% |
2.4% |
1.1% |
2.9% |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
6.4%** |
2.7% |
2.3%** |
--** |
--** |
--** |
25 – 34 |
7.0% |
2.7% |
8.1% |
2.2% |
0.7% |
1.4% |
35 – 49 |
9.1% |
0.7% |
1.7% |
3.0% |
1.0% |
2.8% |
50 or over |
11.0% |
& |
-- |
0.7% |
2.0% |
2.6% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
8.5% |
1.2% |
3.0% |
1.6% |
1.0% |
2.3%* |
Black non-Hispanic |
11.4% |
1.8% |
1.9% |
4.1% |
-- |
1.9% |
Hispanic |
8.0% |
1.9% |
6.0% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
All others |
7.5% |
-- |
2.5% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Marital Status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
8.8%** |
1.6%* |
4.1%** |
1.8% |
1.5% |
2.2% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
12.2% |
-- |
-- |
3.8% |
-- |
3.0% |
Never been married |
6.4% |
0.7% |
0.9% |
1.3% |
& |
1.4% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
|
|
|
|
None |
7.9%* |
--** |
0.6%** |
0.4%** |
0.9% |
2.1% |
One or more |
9.8% |
3.2% |
6.6% |
4.1% |
1.2% |
2.3% |
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High school graduate or less |
9.6%** |
1.4% |
2.5% |
1.8% |
1.0% |
1.8%** |
Some college |
10.7% |
1.4% |
2.9% |
2.5% |
1.1% |
2.1% |
College graduate |
6.7% |
1.2% |
3.6% |
1.5% |
0.9% |
1.8% |
Graduate school |
4.9% |
1.2% |
4.2% |
1.7% |
1.4% |
4.3% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
9.2% |
2.9%** |
2.6% |
1.8% |
-- |
2.0% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
10.1% |
-- |
2.2% |
2.1% |
-- |
1.8% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
11.2% |
1.2% |
2.4% |
3.1% |
1.0% |
2.0% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
9.4% |
1.9% |
3.5% |
1.8% |
1.6% |
3.1% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
6.8% |
1.5% |
4.3% |
1.4% |
0.9% |
2.5% |
$100,000 or more |
6.9% |
-- |
7.4% |
1.8% |
-- |
2.6% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaried |
6.8%** |
1.0%* |
4.0%* |
1.6% |
1.4%** |
2.5% |
Hourly |
10.6% |
1.6% |
2.5% |
2.2% |
0.9% |
1.8% |
Other |
6.3% |
-- |
2.4% |
1.5% |
-- |
2.4% |
* Differences among demographic groups is significant at p<.10.
** Differences among demographic groups is significant at p<.05.
& Indicates no significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.15. Demographic Characteristics by Reason for Longest Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Leave-Takers in Each Demographic Category that Took Their Longest Leave for Following Reasons |
|
Own Health |
Maternity-Disability |
Care for Newborn, Newly Adopted or Foster Child |
Care for Ill Child |
Care for Ill Spouse |
Care for Ill Parent |
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
51.9% |
& |
21.8% |
9.0% |
6.9% |
10.3% |
Female |
43.9% |
13.3% |
15.2% |
10.3% |
5.1% |
12.1% |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
49.3% |
24.4% |
18.5% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
25 – 34 |
29.1% |
13.2% |
39.2% |
8.5% |
3.1% |
6.9% |
35 – 49 |
49.0% |
4.2% |
9.8% |
15.8% |
5.7% |
15.5% |
50 or over |
65.7% |
& |
-- |
4.3% |
11.3% |
13.1% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
48.5% |
7.3% |
17.7% |
8.2% |
5.7% |
12.6% |
Black non-Hispanic |
46.6% |
9.7% |
9.5% |
21.1% |
-- |
9.0% |
Hispanic |
36.1% |
11.2% |
34.6% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
All others |
46.5% |
-- |
15.0% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Marital Status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
43.0% |
8.8% |
21.8% |
8.1% |
7.2% |
11.1% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
58.0% |
-- |
-- |
17.4% |
-- |
13.4% |
Never been married |
60.0% |
7.3% |
9.2% |
-- |
& |
11.0% |
Children Under 18 in Household** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
None |
68.2% |
-- |
5.5% |
3.3% |
7.4% |
15.4% |
One or more |
32.9% |
13.0% |
26.4% |
14.3% |
4.8% |
8.6% |
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High school graduate or less |
54.8% |
8.5% |
14.1% |
8.3% |
6.0% |
8.4% |
Some college |
49.5% |
7.1% |
15.0% |
12.6% |
5.3% |
10.6% |
College graduate |
41.3% |
8.0% |
24.5% |
9.0% |
5.6% |
11.6% |
Graduate school |
28.9% |
7.5% |
25.3% |
8.1% |
7.7% |
22.5% |
Annual Family Income** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
47.3% |
17.7% |
14.9% |
8.9% |
-- |
8.4% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
59.1% |
-- |
12.0% |
11.0% |
-- |
10.7% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
52.3% |
6.8% |
11.7% |
14.8% |
5.1% |
9.2% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
43.8% |
9.1% |
17.4% |
7.9% |
7.8% |
14.0% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
40.1% |
8.8% |
25.4% |
8.1% |
-- |
13.2% |
$100,000 or more |
32.1% |
-- |
41.2% |
6.6% |
-- |
14.7% |
Compensation Type** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaried |
38.6% |
6.5% |
24.2% |
8.6% |
8.1% |
14.1% |
Hourly |
53.3% |
9.0% |
13.9% |
10.6% |
4.7% |
8.4% |
Other |
44.9% |
-- |
17.1% |
10.5% |
-- |
17.7% |
** Differences among demographic groups is significant at p<.05.
& Indicates no significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.16. Demographic Characteristics by Reason for Longest Leave: 1995 Survey
|
Percent of Leave-Takers in Each Demographic Category that Took Their Longest Leave for Following Reasons |
|
Own Health |
Maternity-Disability |
Care for Newborn, Newly Adopted or Foster Child |
Care for Ill Child |
Care for Ill Spouse |
Care for Ill Parent |
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
66.8% |
& |
15.1% |
6.6% |
5.5% |
6.0% |
Female |
57.1% |
8.3% |
13.6% |
10.0% |
2.2% |
8.8% |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
58.5% |
9.8% |
17.9% |
8.2% |
-- |
-- |
25 – 34 |
42.5% |
9.1% |
27.8% |
12.3% |
2.9% |
5.4% |
35 – 49 |
66.6% |
2.0% |
9.4% |
7.9% |
3.5% |
10.6% |
50 or over |
82.9% |
& |
-- |
-- |
6.6% |
6.4% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
61.4% |
4.3% |
15.2% |
7.3% |
3.9% |
7.8% |
Black non-Hispanic |
62.8% |
-- |
8.5% |
12.4% |
-- |
-- |
Hispanic |
57.1% |
-- |
13.2% |
-- |
& |
-- |
All others |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
& |
-- |
Marital Status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
54.5% |
5.8% |
17.8% |
10.2% |
4.3% |
7.4% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
75.8% |
-- |
6.0% |
5.7% |
-- |
7.8% |
Never been married |
80.5% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
& |
8.6% |
Children Under 18 in Household** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
None |
83.4% |
-- |
-- |
2.5% |
3.6% |
9.9% |
One or more |
43.1% |
8.3% |
25.8% |
13.5% |
3.6% |
5.7% |
Education** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High school graduate or less |
68.7% |
3.0% |
11.2% |
8.7% |
3.8% |
4.6% |
Some college |
59.8% |
5.5% |
13.4% |
8.4% |
4.8% |
8.1% |
College graduate |
53.3% |
7.9% |
19.4% |
8.5% |
-- |
9.3% |
Graduate school |
55.8% |
-- |
17.2% |
8.7% |
-- |
12.2% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
69.3% |
-- |
13.4% |
6.3% |
-- |
5.3% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
63.6% |
-- |
9.9% |
14.9% |
5.2% |
-- |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
64.1% |
5.3% |
13.2% |
7.0% |
3.5% |
6.9% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
53.7% |
5.5% |
18.2% |
8.4% |
5.7% |
8.6% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
52.7% |
-- |
18.4% |
-- |
-- |
12.6% |
$100,000 or more |
42.6% |
-- |
22.0% |
-- |
& |
-- |
Compensation Type** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaried |
53.3% |
5.9% |
18.8% |
7.1% |
3.2% |
11.7% |
Hourly |
65.6% |
3.9% |
11.9% |
9.8% |
4.4% |
4.4% |
Other |
67.6% |
-- |
10.4% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
** Differences among demographic groups is significant at p<.05.
& Indicates no significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.17. Use of Intermittent leave, Based on Total
Employee Population: 2000 Survey
Leave-Takers Who: |
Percent of All Employees |
Took intermittent leave at least once in previous 18 months |
4.6% |
Did not take intermittent leave |
95.4% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.18. Needing Leave Within Demographic Groups: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Employees Within Each Demographic Category that Needed (But Did Not Take) Leave |
|
1995 Survey |
2000 Survey |
Gender |
|
|
Male* |
3.0% |
2.2% |
Female |
3.2% |
2.7% |
Age |
|
|
18 – 24 |
2.1% |
1.4% |
25 – 34 |
4.0% |
2.9% |
35 – 49 |
3.0% |
2.6% |
50 – 64 |
3.3% |
2.5% |
65 or over |
-- |
-- |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
2.7% |
2.3% |
Black non-Hispanic* |
5.9% |
3.3% |
Hispanic |
3.9% |
3.0% |
Asian |
NA |
-- |
All others |
-- |
-- |
Marital Status |
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
2.9% |
2.5% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
5.0% |
4.3% |
Never been married |
2.4% |
1.4% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
None* |
2.5% |
1.9% |
One or more |
3.9% |
3.3% |
Education |
|
|
Less than high school |
3.6% |
3.9% |
High school graduate |
2.8% |
2.3% |
Some college** |
3.8% |
2.3% |
College graduate |
2.4% |
2.6% |
Graduate school |
3.0% |
2.1% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
4.2% |
2.8% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
4.0% |
3.2% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
3.2% |
2.6% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
2.5% |
3.2% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000* |
3.5% |
1.6% |
$100,000 or more |
-- |
2.3% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
Salaried** |
2.4% |
1.6% |
Hourly |
3.7% |
3.0% |
Other |
2.6% |
3.0% |
* Difference between demographic groups is statistically significant at p<.10.
** Difference between demographic groups is statistically significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates Asian was not a race category in the 1995 survey. Asians are included in "All Others."
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees
Table A2-2.19. Reasons for Needing Leave, Based on Total Employee
Population: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of All Employees |
Reason for Needing Leave |
1995 Survey |
2000 Survey |
Own health |
1.5% |
1.2% |
Maternity-disability |
-- |
-- |
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed foster child |
0.3% |
0.2% |
Care for ill child |
0.6% |
0.5% |
Care for ill spouse |
0.3% |
0.2% |
Care for ill parent |
0.6% |
0.6% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.20. Reasons for Most Recent Needed Leave:
2000 Survey
Reason for Needing Leave |
Percent of All Employees |
Own health |
1.1% |
Maternity-disability |
-- |
Care for a newborn, newly adopted, or newly placed foster child |
0.2% |
Care for ill child |
0.4% |
Care for ill spouse |
0.2% |
Care for ill parent |
0.5% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.21. Perceived Future Need for Family or Medical Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Employees’ Likelihood of Taking Leave for Family or Medical Reasons in the Next 5 years: |
Percent of Employees |
1995 Survey |
2000 Survey |
Very likely** |
17.8% |
22.2% |
Somewhat likely |
21.5% |
23.8% |
Somewhat unlikely** |
26.1% |
20.3% |
Very unlikely |
34.6% |
33.8% |
** Difference between years is significant at p<.05.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-2.22. Expected Reasons for Needing Future Leaves :
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Expected Reason: |
Percent of Employees Who Say it is Likely They Will Take Leave in the Next 5 Years |
1995 Survey |
2000 Survey |
Own self |
34.0% |
36.4% |
Newborn |
20.6% |
19.5% |
Newly adopted |
-- |
-- |
New foster child |
-- |
-- |
Child** |
14.3% |
19.3% |
Spouse** |
11.1% |
17.4% |
Parent |
34.9% |
33.0% |
Other relative |
6.9% |
8.6% |
Other non-relative |
1.7% |
2.2% |
** Difference between years is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Percentages do not sum to 100% because respondents could choose more than one reason.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
CHAPTER 3
TABLES NOT DISPLAYED
IN TEXT
Table A2-3.1. Coverage and Eligibility of Employees Under
the Family and Medical Leave Act: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of All Employees |
Eligible Employees at FMLA-Covered Worksites |
61.7% |
Non-eligible Employees at Covered Worksites |
14.9% |
Employees at Non-covered Worksites |
23.3% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.2. Eligibility of Employees Under the Family
and Medical Leave Act: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Employees |
Eligible Employees |
80.5% |
Non-eligible Employees |
19.5% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.3 Demographic Profiles of Covered, Covered and Eligible, and Non-covered
Employees: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Employees |
|
Covered |
Covered and Eligible |
Non-covered |
All Employees |
Total Weighted Number |
110,398,726 |
88,920,791 |
33,620,570 |
144,019,296 |
Gender* |
|
|
|
|
Male |
50.1% |
51.8% |
55.3% |
51.3% |
Female |
49.9% |
48.2% |
44.7% |
48.7% |
Age**++ |
|
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
16.1% |
10.5% |
10.6% |
14.8% |
25 – 34 |
23.0% |
23.3% |
22.2% |
22.8% |
35 – 49 |
39.5% |
42.8% |
39.7% |
39.6% |
50 – 64 |
19.1% |
21.4% |
22.1% |
19.8% |
65 and over |
2.3% |
2.1% |
5.4% |
3.0% |
Race/Ethnicity**+ |
|
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
74.8% |
75.3% |
88.0% |
77.9% |
Black non-Hispanic |
11.6% |
11.1% |
2.7% |
9.6% |
Hispanic |
7.5% |
7.7% |
6.1% |
7.2% |
Asian |
3.4% |
3.3% |
-- |
2.8% |
All others |
2.7% |
2.5% |
2.2% |
2.6% |
Marital Status**++ |
|
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
65.1% |
69.5% |
74.1% |
67.2% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
10.9% |
11.0% |
9.3% |
10.5% |
Never been married |
24.0% |
19.5% |
16.6% |
22.3% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
|
|
None |
60.6% |
58.6% |
55.9% |
59.5% |
One or more |
39.4% |
41.4% |
44.1% |
40.5% |
Education**++ |
|
|
|
|
Less than high school |
4.3% |
3.7% |
8.1% |
5.2% |
High school graduate |
27.8% |
27.4% |
35.5% |
29.6% |
Some college |
29.5% |
28.7% |
25.4% |
28.6% |
College graduate |
25.6% |
27.0% |
25.2% |
25.5% |
Graduate school |
12.7% |
13.2% |
5.7% |
11.1% |
Table A2-3.3 Demographic Profiles of Covered, Covered and Eligible, and Non-covered
Employees: 2000 Survey (continued)
|
Percent of Employees |
|
Covered |
Covered and Eligible |
Non-covered |
All Employees |
Annual Family Income++ |
|
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
14.8% |
9.9% |
20.9% |
16.2% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
13.8% |
14.0% |
13.3% |
13.7% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
24.9% |
25.2% |
25.3% |
25.0% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
23.5% |
25.6% |
21.5% |
23.1% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
12.5% |
13.6% |
10.5% |
12.1% |
$100,000 or more |
10.5% |
11.8% |
8.6% |
10.0% |
Compensation Type**++ |
|
|
|
|
Salaried |
38.3% |
42.7% |
34.0% |
37.3% |
Hourly |
54.0% |
50.3% |
42.7% |
51.4% |
Other |
7.7% |
6.9% |
23.3% |
11.3% |
* Difference between covered and non-covered employees is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between covered and non-covered employees is significant at p<.05.
+ Difference between covered and eligible employees and all other employees is significant at p<.10.
++ Difference between covered and eligible employees and all other employees is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.4 Coverage Under FMLA Within Demographic Groups: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Employees Within Each Demographic Category Who Are: |
Total Weighted Number |
|
Covered
|
Covered and Eligible(1) |
Non-covered |
Gender* |
|
|
|
|
Male |
74.9% |
62.3% |
25.1% |
73,924,070 |
Female |
78.5% |
61.2% |
21.5% |
70,095,226 |
Age**++ |
|
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
83.3% |
43.8% |
16.7% |
21,153,991 |
25 – 34 |
77.3% |
63.0% |
22.7% |
32,561,862 |
35 – 49 |
76.7% |
66.8% |
23.3% |
56,504,145 |
50 – 64 |
74.0% |
66.7% |
26.0% |
28,259,470 |
65 and over |
58.7% |
42.8% |
41.3% |
4,351,449 |
Race/Ethnicity**+ |
|
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
73.5% |
59.7% |
26.5% |
111,083,972 |
Black non-Hispanic |
93.3% |
71.8% |
6.7% |
13,627,195 |
Hispanic |
80.2% |
66.2% |
19.8% |
10,236,269 |
Asian |
92.0% |
73.4% |
-- |
4,004,675 |
All others |
79.8% |
60.3% |
20.2% |
3,671,119 |
Marital Status**++ |
|
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
74.3% |
63.8% |
25.7% |
96,298,974 |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
79.3% |
64.3% |
20.7% |
15,065,817 |
Never been married |
82.6% |
54.1% |
17.4% |
31,888,960 |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
|
|
None |
78.2% |
60.9% |
21.8% |
85,333,367 |
One or more |
74.8% |
63.2% |
25.2% |
58,076,078 |
Education**++ |
|
|
|
|
Less than high school |
63.8% |
44.2% |
36.2% |
7,509,891 |
High school graduate |
72.1% |
57.1% |
27.9% |
42,531,907 |
Some college |
79.4% |
62.2% |
20.6% |
40,985,586 |
College graduate |
77.1% |
65.3% |
22.9% |
36,647,973 |
Graduate school |
88.0% |
73.8% |
12.0% |
15,880,292 |
Table A2-3.4 Coverage Under FMLA Within Demographic Groups: 2000 Survey (continued)
|
Percent of Employees Within Each Demographic Category Who Are: |
Total
Weighted Number
|
|
Covered
|
Covered and Eligible(1) |
Non-covered
|
Annual Family Income++ |
|
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
71.8% |
38.6% |
28.2% |
19,347,474 |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
78.8% |
64.5% |
21.2% |
16,390,438 |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
77.9% |
63.9% |
22.1% |
29,880,436 |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
79.7% |
70.2% |
20.3% |
27,611,099 |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
81.1% |
70.9% |
18.9% |
14,460,432 |
$100,000 or more |
81.4% |
74.0% |
18.6% |
12,023,351 |
Compensation Type**++ |
|
|
|
|
Salaried |
78.7% |
70.8% |
21.3% |
53,468,194 |
Hourly |
80.6% |
60.5% |
19.4% |
73,725,383 |
Other |
52.1% |
37.7% |
47.9% |
16,278,079 |
(1) The "Covered and Eligible" column is a subset of the "Covered" column.
* Difference between covered and non-covered employees is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between covered and non-covered employees is significant at P<.05.
+ Difference between covered and eligible employees and all other employees is significant at p<.10.
++ Difference between covered and eligible employees and all other employees is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.5. Demographic Characteristics of Covered and Eligible Leave-Takers by Reason
for Longest Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered and Eligible Leave-Takers in Each Demographic Category that Took Their Longest Leave for Following Reasons |
|
Own Health |
Maternity-Disability |
Care for Newborn, Newly Adopted or Foster Child |
Care for Ill Child |
Care for Ill Spouse |
Care for Ill Parent
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
45.0% |
& |
44.3% |
39.1% |
55.8% |
41.3% |
Female |
55.0% |
100.0% |
55.7% |
60.9% |
44.2% |
58.7% |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
8.7% |
-- |
10.2% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
25 – 34 |
15.6% |
50.4% |
57.4% |
26.3% |
-- |
20.3% |
35 – 49 |
39.7% |
28.7% |
20.5% |
62.6% |
35.4% |
54.4% |
50 or over |
36.1% |
& |
-- |
-- |
42.0% |
20.5% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
76.2% |
59.8% |
82.4% |
57.2% |
73.5% |
80.8% |
Black non-Hispanic |
12.3% |
-- |
-- |
32.4% |
-- |
10.3% |
Hispanic |
6.3% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
All others |
5.1% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Marital Status** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
70.6% |
82.8% |
90.2% |
55.3% |
94.5% |
71.4% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
15.9% |
-- |
-- |
23.5% |
-- |
13.2% |
Never been married |
13.6% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
15.3% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
|
|
|
|
None |
58.5% |
& |
-- |
13.0% |
54.5% |
51.3% |
One or more |
41.5% |
100.0% |
86.8% |
87.0% |
45.5% |
48.7% |
Education** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High school graduate or less |
41.1% |
35.1% |
29.8% |
20.3% |
37.5% |
25.5% |
Some college |
33.1% |
26.0% |
27.7% |
50.9% |
29.5% |
25.9% |
College graduate |
18.0% |
28.2% |
31.5% |
18.8% |
22.2% |
22.7% |
Graduate school |
7.9% |
-- |
11.0% |
10.0% |
-- |
25.9% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
9.4% |
-- |
12.4% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
16.8% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
27.3% |
26.8% |
12.0% |
41.2% |
22.6% |
23.4% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
27.2% |
32.6% |
30.3% |
24.5% |
37.4% |
32.1% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
11.5% |
23.0% |
23.2% |
11.7% |
-- |
13.8% |
$100,000 or more |
7.6% |
-- |
14.3% |
-- |
-- |
9.2% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaried |
33.4% |
43.3% |
47.5% |
35.4% |
53.4% |
47.9% |
Hourly |
61.4% |
55.0% |
44.8% |
59.9% |
45.6% |
39.8% |
Other |
5.2% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
12.4% |
** Difference among demographic groups is significant at p<.05.
& No significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.6. Covered and Eligible Leave-Takers Within Demographic Groups:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Takers Within Demographic Category Who Were Covered and Eligible(1) |
|
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Gender |
|
|
Male |
60.7% |
65.6% |
Female |
62.7% |
64.5% |
Age |
|
|
18 – 24 |
52.4% |
53.5% |
25 – 34 |
63.3% |
60.1% |
35 – 49 |
62.0% |
66.4% |
50 – 64 |
68.3% |
75.1% |
65 and over |
47.0% |
55.3% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
59.9% |
62.6% |
Black non-Hispanic |
74.3% |
83.1% |
Hispanic |
65.4% |
62.7% |
Asian |
NA |
72.4% |
All others |
57.3% |
57.9% |
Marital Status |
|
|
Married/Living with partner* |
59.8% |
64.5% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
68.9% |
66.6% |
Never been married |
64.1% |
65.5% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
None |
64.2% |
66.5% |
One or more |
60.0% |
63.9% |
Education |
|
|
Less than high school |
66.6% |
57.0% |
High school graduate** |
57.0% |
67.2% |
Some college |
60.6% |
66.0% |
College graduate |
59.1% |
62.3% |
Graduate school |
74.4% |
65.4% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
53.7% |
45.3% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
61.9% |
65.2% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000** |
57.3% |
68.1% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
69.4% |
72.1% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
75.8% |
80.0% |
$100,000 or more |
70.0% |
51.5% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
Salaried |
66.6% |
69.8% |
Hourly |
63.9% |
65.8% |
Other |
31.4% |
41.8% |
(1) Table includes leave-takers who were covered and eligible at the time they took their (longest) leave.
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates Asian was not a race category in the 1995 survey. Asians are included in "All Others."
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.7. Demographic Characteristics of Covered and Eligible Leave-
Takers: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Takers Within Demographic Category Who Were Covered and Eligible(1) |
|
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Gender |
|
|
Male |
43.0% |
42.3% |
Female |
57.0% |
57.7% |
Age |
|
|
18 – 24 |
9.4% |
8.2% |
25 – 34* |
30.8% |
25.7% |
35 – 49 |
40.9% |
40.6% |
50 – 64** |
16.7% |
23.6% |
65 and over |
2.2% |
1.8% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
75.6% |
73.6% |
Black non-Hispanic |
13.1% |
13.6% |
Hispanic |
9.4% |
7.9% |
Asian |
NA |
2.4% |
All others |
1.9% |
2.5% |
Marital Status |
|
|
Married/Living with partner* |
68.5% |
74.5% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed** |
18.3% |
13.0% |
Never been married |
13.2% |
12.4% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
None* |
47.2% |
41.4% |
One or more* |
52.8% |
58.6% |
Education |
|
|
Less than high school** |
11.1% |
5.2% |
High school graduate |
24.7% |
28.9% |
Some college |
28.9% |
33.3% |
College graduate |
18.6% |
21.3% |
Graduate school** |
16.6% |
11.3% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
Less than $20,000** |
16.3% |
10.4% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000** |
18.2% |
12.4% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
28.3% |
26.7% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000** |
21.3% |
28.5% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
10.8% |
13.9% |
$100,000 or more* |
5.1% |
8.0% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
Salaried |
39.3% |
39.1% |
Hourly |
56.2% |
55.1% |
Other |
4.6% |
5.8% |
(1) Table includes leave-takers who were covered and eligible at the time they took their (longest) leave.
*Difference between years is statistically significant at p<.10.
**Difference between years is statistically significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates Asian was not a race category in the 1995 survey. Asians are included in "All Others."
Source: 1995 and 2000 Surveys of Employees.
Table A2-3.8. Length of Longest Leave by Eligibility Status:
2000 Survey
|
Percent by Eligibility Status |
Length of Longest Leave
|
Covered and Eligible Leave-Takers |
All Other Leave-Takers |
1- 3 days |
13.0% |
11.1% |
4 – 5 days |
20.8% |
22.7% |
6 – 10 days |
20.2% |
20.5% |
11 – 30 days |
20.5% |
16.0% |
31 – 60 days |
15.9% |
19.2% |
More than 60 days |
9.6% |
10.5% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.9 Establishment Awareness of FMLA Coverage Status:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Does the Family and Medical Leave Act apply to this location? |
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Yes |
86.5% |
84.0% |
8.3%** |
16.1% |
No |
-- |
1.0% |
35.2% |
28.4% |
Don’t know |
12.3% |
15.0% |
56.5% |
55.5% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
CHAPTER 3
TABLES NOT DISPLAYED
IN TEXT
Table A2-3.1. Coverage and Eligibility of Employees Under
the Family and Medical Leave Act: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of All Employees |
Eligible Employees at FMLA-Covered Worksites |
61.7% |
Non-eligible Employees at Covered Worksites |
14.9% |
Employees at Non-covered Worksites |
23.3% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.2. Eligibility of Employees Under the Family
and Medical Leave Act: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Employees |
Eligible Employees |
80.5% |
Non-eligible Employees |
19.5% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.3 Demographic Profiles of Covered, Covered and Eligible, and Non-covered
Employees: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Employees |
|
Covered |
Covered and Eligible |
Non-covered |
All Employees |
Total Weighted Number |
110,398,726 |
88,920,791 |
33,620,570 |
144,019,296 |
Gender* |
|
|
|
|
Male |
50.1% |
51.8% |
55.3% |
51.3% |
Female |
49.9% |
48.2% |
44.7% |
48.7% |
Age**++ |
|
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
16.1% |
10.5% |
10.6% |
14.8% |
25 – 34 |
23.0% |
23.3% |
22.2% |
22.8% |
35 – 49 |
39.5% |
42.8% |
39.7% |
39.6% |
50 – 64 |
19.1% |
21.4% |
22.1% |
19.8% |
65 and over |
2.3% |
2.1% |
5.4% |
3.0% |
Race/Ethnicity**+ |
|
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
74.8% |
75.3% |
88.0% |
77.9% |
Black non-Hispanic |
11.6% |
11.1% |
2.7% |
9.6% |
Hispanic |
7.5% |
7.7% |
6.1% |
7.2% |
Asian |
3.4% |
3.3% |
-- |
2.8% |
All others |
2.7% |
2.5% |
2.2% |
2.6% |
Marital Status**++ |
|
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
65.1% |
69.5% |
74.1% |
67.2% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
10.9% |
11.0% |
9.3% |
10.5% |
Never been married |
24.0% |
19.5% |
16.6% |
22.3% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
|
|
None |
60.6% |
58.6% |
55.9% |
59.5% |
One or more |
39.4% |
41.4% |
44.1% |
40.5% |
Education**++ |
|
|
|
|
Less than high school |
4.3% |
3.7% |
8.1% |
5.2% |
High school graduate |
27.8% |
27.4% |
35.5% |
29.6% |
Some college |
29.5% |
28.7% |
25.4% |
28.6% |
College graduate |
25.6% |
27.0% |
25.2% |
25.5% |
Graduate school |
12.7% |
13.2% |
5.7% |
11.1% |
Table A2-3.3 Demographic Profiles of Covered, Covered and Eligible, and Non-covered
Employees: 2000 Survey (continued)
|
Percent of Employees |
|
Covered |
Covered and Eligible |
Non-covered |
All Employees |
Annual Family Income++ |
|
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
14.8% |
9.9% |
20.9% |
16.2% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
13.8% |
14.0% |
13.3% |
13.7% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
24.9% |
25.2% |
25.3% |
25.0% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
23.5% |
25.6% |
21.5% |
23.1% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
12.5% |
13.6% |
10.5% |
12.1% |
$100,000 or more |
10.5% |
11.8% |
8.6% |
10.0% |
Compensation Type**++ |
|
|
|
|
Salaried |
38.3% |
42.7% |
34.0% |
37.3% |
Hourly |
54.0% |
50.3% |
42.7% |
51.4% |
Other |
7.7% |
6.9% |
23.3% |
11.3% |
* Difference between covered and non-covered employees is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between covered and non-covered employees is significant at p<.05.
+ Difference between covered and eligible employees and all other employees is significant at p<.10.
++ Difference between covered and eligible employees and all other employees is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.4 Coverage Under FMLA Within Demographic Groups: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Employees Within Each Demographic Category Who Are: |
Total Weighted Number |
|
Covered
|
Covered and Eligible(1) |
Non-covered |
Gender* |
|
|
|
|
Male |
74.9% |
62.3% |
25.1% |
73,924,070 |
Female |
78.5% |
61.2% |
21.5% |
70,095,226 |
Age**++ |
|
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
83.3% |
43.8% |
16.7% |
21,153,991 |
25 – 34 |
77.3% |
63.0% |
22.7% |
32,561,862 |
35 – 49 |
76.7% |
66.8% |
23.3% |
56,504,145 |
50 – 64 |
74.0% |
66.7% |
26.0% |
28,259,470 |
65 and over |
58.7% |
42.8% |
41.3% |
4,351,449 |
Race/Ethnicity**+ |
|
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
73.5% |
59.7% |
26.5% |
111,083,972 |
Black non-Hispanic |
93.3% |
71.8% |
6.7% |
13,627,195 |
Hispanic |
80.2% |
66.2% |
19.8% |
10,236,269 |
Asian |
92.0% |
73.4% |
-- |
4,004,675 |
All others |
79.8% |
60.3% |
20.2% |
3,671,119 |
Marital Status**++ |
|
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
74.3% |
63.8% |
25.7% |
96,298,974 |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
79.3% |
64.3% |
20.7% |
15,065,817 |
Never been married |
82.6% |
54.1% |
17.4% |
31,888,960 |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
|
|
None |
78.2% |
60.9% |
21.8% |
85,333,367 |
One or more |
74.8% |
63.2% |
25.2% |
58,076,078 |
Education**++ |
|
|
|
|
Less than high school |
63.8% |
44.2% |
36.2% |
7,509,891 |
High school graduate |
72.1% |
57.1% |
27.9% |
42,531,907 |
Some college |
79.4% |
62.2% |
20.6% |
40,985,586 |
College graduate |
77.1% |
65.3% |
22.9% |
36,647,973 |
Graduate school |
88.0% |
73.8% |
12.0% |
15,880,292 |
Table A2-3.4 Coverage Under FMLA Within Demographic Groups: 2000 Survey (continued)
|
Percent of Employees Within Each Demographic Category Who Are: |
Total
Weighted Number
|
|
Covered
|
Covered and Eligible(1) |
Non-covered
|
Annual Family Income++ |
|
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
71.8% |
38.6% |
28.2% |
19,347,474 |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
78.8% |
64.5% |
21.2% |
16,390,438 |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
77.9% |
63.9% |
22.1% |
29,880,436 |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
79.7% |
70.2% |
20.3% |
27,611,099 |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
81.1% |
70.9% |
18.9% |
14,460,432 |
$100,000 or more |
81.4% |
74.0% |
18.6% |
12,023,351 |
Compensation Type**++ |
|
|
|
|
Salaried |
78.7% |
70.8% |
21.3% |
53,468,194 |
Hourly |
80.6% |
60.5% |
19.4% |
73,725,383 |
Other |
52.1% |
37.7% |
47.9% |
16,278,079 |
(1) The "Covered and Eligible" column is a subset of the "Covered" column.
* Difference between covered and non-covered employees is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between covered and non-covered employees is significant at P<.05.
+ Difference between covered and eligible employees and all other employees is significant at p<.10.
++ Difference between covered and eligible employees and all other employees is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.5. Demographic Characteristics of Covered and Eligible Leave-Takers by Reason
for Longest Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered and Eligible Leave-Takers in Each Demographic Category that Took Their Longest Leave for Following Reasons |
|
Own Health |
Maternity-Disability |
Care for Newborn, Newly Adopted or Foster Child |
Care for Ill Child |
Care for Ill Spouse |
Care for Ill Parent
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
45.0% |
& |
44.3% |
39.1% |
55.8% |
41.3% |
Female |
55.0% |
100.0% |
55.7% |
60.9% |
44.2% |
58.7% |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 – 24 |
8.7% |
-- |
10.2% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
25 – 34 |
15.6% |
50.4% |
57.4% |
26.3% |
-- |
20.3% |
35 – 49 |
39.7% |
28.7% |
20.5% |
62.6% |
35.4% |
54.4% |
50 or over |
36.1% |
& |
-- |
-- |
42.0% |
20.5% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
76.2% |
59.8% |
82.4% |
57.2% |
73.5% |
80.8% |
Black non-Hispanic |
12.3% |
-- |
-- |
32.4% |
-- |
10.3% |
Hispanic |
6.3% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
All others |
5.1% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Marital Status** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
70.6% |
82.8% |
90.2% |
55.3% |
94.5% |
71.4% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
15.9% |
-- |
-- |
23.5% |
-- |
13.2% |
Never been married |
13.6% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
15.3% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
|
|
|
|
None |
58.5% |
& |
-- |
13.0% |
54.5% |
51.3% |
One or more |
41.5% |
100.0% |
86.8% |
87.0% |
45.5% |
48.7% |
Education** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High school graduate or less |
41.1% |
35.1% |
29.8% |
20.3% |
37.5% |
25.5% |
Some college |
33.1% |
26.0% |
27.7% |
50.9% |
29.5% |
25.9% |
College graduate |
18.0% |
28.2% |
31.5% |
18.8% |
22.2% |
22.7% |
Graduate school |
7.9% |
-- |
11.0% |
10.0% |
-- |
25.9% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
9.4% |
-- |
12.4% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
16.8% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
27.3% |
26.8% |
12.0% |
41.2% |
22.6% |
23.4% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
27.2% |
32.6% |
30.3% |
24.5% |
37.4% |
32.1% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
11.5% |
23.0% |
23.2% |
11.7% |
-- |
13.8% |
$100,000 or more |
7.6% |
-- |
14.3% |
-- |
-- |
9.2% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaried |
33.4% |
43.3% |
47.5% |
35.4% |
53.4% |
47.9% |
Hourly |
61.4% |
55.0% |
44.8% |
59.9% |
45.6% |
39.8% |
Other |
5.2% |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
12.4% |
** Difference among demographic groups is significant at p<.05.
& No significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.6. Covered and Eligible Leave-Takers Within Demographic Groups:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Takers Within Demographic Category Who Were Covered and Eligible(1) |
|
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Gender |
|
|
Male |
60.7% |
65.6% |
Female |
62.7% |
64.5% |
Age |
|
|
18 – 24 |
52.4% |
53.5% |
25 – 34 |
63.3% |
60.1% |
35 – 49 |
62.0% |
66.4% |
50 – 64 |
68.3% |
75.1% |
65 and over |
47.0% |
55.3% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
59.9% |
62.6% |
Black non-Hispanic |
74.3% |
83.1% |
Hispanic |
65.4% |
62.7% |
Asian |
NA |
72.4% |
All others |
57.3% |
57.9% |
Marital Status |
|
|
Married/Living with partner* |
59.8% |
64.5% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
68.9% |
66.6% |
Never been married |
64.1% |
65.5% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
None |
64.2% |
66.5% |
One or more |
60.0% |
63.9% |
Education |
|
|
Less than high school |
66.6% |
57.0% |
High school graduate** |
57.0% |
67.2% |
Some college |
60.6% |
66.0% |
College graduate |
59.1% |
62.3% |
Graduate school |
74.4% |
65.4% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
53.7% |
45.3% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
61.9% |
65.2% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000** |
57.3% |
68.1% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
69.4% |
72.1% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
75.8% |
80.0% |
$100,000 or more |
70.0% |
51.5% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
Salaried |
66.6% |
69.8% |
Hourly |
63.9% |
65.8% |
Other |
31.4% |
41.8% |
(1) Table includes leave-takers who were covered and eligible at the time they took their (longest) leave.
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates Asian was not a race category in the 1995 survey. Asians are included in "All Others."
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.7. Demographic Characteristics of Covered and Eligible Leave-
Takers: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Takers Within Demographic Category Who Were Covered and Eligible(1) |
|
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Gender |
|
|
Male |
43.0% |
42.3% |
Female |
57.0% |
57.7% |
Age |
|
|
18 – 24 |
9.4% |
8.2% |
25 – 34* |
30.8% |
25.7% |
35 – 49 |
40.9% |
40.6% |
50 – 64** |
16.7% |
23.6% |
65 and over |
2.2% |
1.8% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
75.6% |
73.6% |
Black non-Hispanic |
13.1% |
13.6% |
Hispanic |
9.4% |
7.9% |
Asian |
NA |
2.4% |
All others |
1.9% |
2.5% |
Marital Status |
|
|
Married/Living with partner* |
68.5% |
74.5% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed** |
18.3% |
13.0% |
Never been married |
13.2% |
12.4% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
None* |
47.2% |
41.4% |
One or more* |
52.8% |
58.6% |
Education |
|
|
Less than high school** |
11.1% |
5.2% |
High school graduate |
24.7% |
28.9% |
Some college |
28.9% |
33.3% |
College graduate |
18.6% |
21.3% |
Graduate school** |
16.6% |
11.3% |
Annual Family Income |
|
|
Less than $20,000** |
16.3% |
10.4% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000** |
18.2% |
12.4% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
28.3% |
26.7% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000** |
21.3% |
28.5% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
10.8% |
13.9% |
$100,000 or more* |
5.1% |
8.0% |
Compensation Type |
|
|
Salaried |
39.3% |
39.1% |
Hourly |
56.2% |
55.1% |
Other |
4.6% |
5.8% |
(1) Table includes leave-takers who were covered and eligible at the time they took their (longest) leave.
*Difference between years is statistically significant at p<.10.
**Difference between years is statistically significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates Asian was not a race category in the 1995 survey. Asians are included in "All Others."
Source: 1995 and 2000 Surveys of Employees.
Table A2-3.8. Length of Longest Leave by Eligibility Status:
2000 Survey
|
Percent by Eligibility Status |
Length of Longest Leave
|
Covered and Eligible Leave-Takers |
All Other Leave-Takers |
1- 3 days |
13.0% |
11.1% |
4 – 5 days |
20.8% |
22.7% |
6 – 10 days |
20.2% |
20.5% |
11 – 30 days |
20.5% |
16.0% |
31 – 60 days |
15.9% |
19.2% |
More than 60 days |
9.6% |
10.5% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-3.9 Establishment Awareness of FMLA Coverage Status:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Does the Family and Medical Leave Act apply to this location? |
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Yes |
86.5% |
84.0% |
8.3%** |
16.1% |
No |
-- |
1.0% |
35.2% |
28.4% |
Don’t know |
12.3% |
15.0% |
56.5% |
55.5% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-3.10 Awareness of Eligibility for FMLA Among Covered and Non-covered Employees:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Employees |
|
Covered |
Non-covered |
All Employees |
|
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Employees who believe they are/were eligible to take advantage of FMLA |
29.0%** |
37.9% |
10.4%** |
22.4% |
22.7%** |
34.3% |
Employees who believe they are/were not eligible to take advantage of FMLA |
11.4% |
13.1% |
21.4% |
26.4% |
14.7% |
16.2% |
Employees who do not know if they are/were eligible to take advantage of FMLA |
59.6%** |
49.0% |
68.2%** |
51.2% |
62.5%** |
49.5% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
CHAPTER 4
TABLES NOT DISPLAYED
IN TEXT
Table A2-4.1. Receipt of Pay During Longest Leave Within Demographic Groups:
2000 Survey
|
Percent of Employees Within Each Demographic Category |
|
Received Pay During Longest Leave |
Received No Pay During Longest Leave |
Gender** |
|
|
Male |
70.4% |
29.6% |
Female |
62.5% |
37.5% |
Age** |
|
|
18 – 24 |
30.3% |
69.7% |
25 – 34 |
65.0% |
35.0% |
35 – 49 |
68.5% |
31.5% |
50 – 64 |
80.3% |
19.7% |
65 or over |
55.8% |
44.2% |
Race/Ethnicity |
|
|
White non-Hispanic |
66.4% |
33.6% |
Black non-Hispanic |
58.8% |
41.2% |
Hispanic |
72.6% |
27.4% |
Asian |
62.6% |
37.4% |
All others |
56.6% |
43.4% |
Marital Status** |
|
|
Married/Living with partner |
69.1% |
30.9% |
Separated/Divorced/Widowed |
73.5% |
26.5% |
Never been married |
37.4% |
62.6% |
Children Under 18 in Household |
|
|
None |
66.2% |
33.8% |
One or more |
65.6% |
34.4% |
Education** |
|
|
Less than high school |
39.8% |
60.2% |
High school graduate |
58.7% |
41.3% |
Some college |
62.3% |
37.7% |
College graduate |
80.9% |
19.1% |
Graduate school |
77.2% |
22.8% |
Annual Family Income** |
|
|
Less than $20,000 |
26.2% |
73.8% |
$20,000 to less than $30,000 |
62.4% |
37.6% |
$30,000 to less than $50,000 |
67.7% |
32.3% |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 |
76.2% |
23.8% |
$75,000 to less than $100,000 |
81.2% |
18.8% |
$100,000 or more |
79.4% |
20.6% |
Compensation Type** |
|
|
Salaried |
87.7% |
12.3% |
Hourly |
54.0% |
46.0% |
Other |
49.2% |
50.8% |
** Difference among demographic groups is significant at p<.05.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-4.2. Ease of Making Ends Meet During Leave: 2000 Survey
How easy or difficult was it for you to make ends meet during your longest leave? |
Percent of Leave-Takers Receiving Less Than Full Pay |
Very easy |
13.5% |
Somewhat easy |
13.8% |
Neither easy nor difficult |
14.5% |
Somewhat difficult |
35.7% |
Very difficult |
22.5% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-4.3. Satisfaction with the Length of the Longest Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
How satisfied were you with the amount of time you took? |
Percent of Leave-Takers |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Very satisfied** |
48.2% |
42.2% |
Somewhat satisfied |
27.9% |
30.4% |
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied |
6.5% |
8.7% |
Somewhat dissatisfied |
11.9% |
12.5% |
Very dissatisfied |
5.6% |
6.2% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-4.4. Reasons for Leave-Takers’ Not Returning to Work:
2000 Survey
Reason for Not Returning to Work: |
Percent of Leave-Takers Not Returning to Work |
Obtained other income source |
& |
Health condition continued |
21.9% |
Laid off/Fired/Replaced |
-- |
Did not want to return to work |
29.0% |
Could not find child care |
-- |
Other reason |
-- |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
& Indicates zero cell.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-4.5. Reasons for Being Denied Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Takers Denied Leave(1) |
Reason: |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Employer does not offer family/medical leave |
46.2% |
35.5% |
Had not worked for employer long enough |
16.5% |
17.6% |
Had worked too few hours in the previous year |
NA |
13.9% |
Had no leave left |
NA |
19.5% |
Reached the FMLA limit |
NA |
13.5% |
Other reason |
NA |
65.5% |
(1) Percentages do not sum to 100% because respondents could report more than one reason for being denied leave.
NA Indicates item was not asked in 1995 Survey.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-4.6. Benefit Status During Longest Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Leave-Takers |
|
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Lost benefits during longest leave* |
8.9% |
6.5% |
Kept benefits during longest leave* |
91.1% |
93.5% |
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 significant at p<.10.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
CHAPTER 5
TABLES NOT DISPLAYED
IN TEXT
Table A2-5.1. Family and Medical Leave Policies by Establishment Size: Reasons for Which
Up to 12 Weeks of Leave is Provided: 2000 Survey
Establishment Provides Leave For: (1) |
Percent of Covered Establishments With: |
All Covered Establishments |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
Yes |
91.5% |
98.8% |
91.9% |
No |
2.9% |
-- |
2.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
5.6% |
-- |
5.3% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|
|
|
Yes |
93.9% |
96.0% |
94.1% |
No |
3.5% |
-- |
3.4% |
Depends on circumstances |
2.6% |
-- |
2.5% |
Parents to Care for Newborn |
|
|
|
Yes |
87.3% |
96.0% |
87.8% |
No |
5.2% |
-- |
5.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
7.5% |
-- |
7.2% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster
Care Placement |
|
|
|
Yes |
85.2% |
94.2% |
85.7% |
No |
6.8% |
-- |
6.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
8.0% |
-- |
7.7% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent
for Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
Yes |
88.2% |
95.4% |
88.6% |
No |
4.7% |
-- |
4.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
7.1% |
-- |
6.8% |
All FMLA Reasons |
|
|
|
Yes |
83.3% |
90.2% |
83.7% |
No or Depends on circumstances |
16.7% |
9.8% |
16.3% |
(1) Order of items was changed in 2000 survey.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Notes: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.2. Family and Medical Leave Policies by FMLA Coverage Status: Reasons for
Which Up to 12 Weeks of Leave is Provided: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Establishment Provides
Leave For: (1) |
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
Percent of All
Establishments |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
92.6% |
91.9% |
45.7%** |
66.4% |
50.8%** |
69.2% |
No |
3.6% |
2.8% |
41.8%** |
21.3% |
37.5%** |
19.3% |
Depends on circumstances |
3.8% |
5.3% |
12.6% |
12.2% |
11.6% |
11.5% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
96.6% |
94.1% |
42.3%** |
65.7% |
48.4%** |
68.8% |
No |
2.9% |
3.4% |
46.9%** |
23.2% |
42.0%** |
21.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
--** |
2.5% |
10.9% |
11.1% |
9.7% |
10.1% |
Parents to Care for Newborn |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
92.4% |
87.8% |
32.3%** |
50.5% |
38.9%** |
54.5% |
No |
6.0% |
5.1% |
53.8%** |
33.5% |
48.6%** |
30.4% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.6%* |
7.2% |
13.9% |
16.1% |
12.5% |
15.1% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster Care Placement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
91.3% |
85.7% |
29.0%** |
43.5% |
35.5%** |
48.1% |
No |
7.7% |
6.6% |
57.4%** |
35.9% |
52.2%** |
32.7% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.0%** |
7.7% |
13.7%** |
20.6% |
12.4%** |
19.2% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent for Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
94.2% |
88.6% |
41.6%** |
57.1% |
47.4%** |
60.6% |
No |
4.4% |
4.6% |
46.8%** |
29.3% |
42.2%** |
26.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.4% |
6.8% |
11.6% |
13.6% |
10.5% |
12.9% |
All FMLA Reasons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
88.0% |
83.7% |
20.7%** |
33.5% |
27.9%** |
39.1% |
No or Depends on circumstances |
12.0% |
16.3% |
79.3%** |
66.5% |
72.1%** |
60.9% |
(1) Order of items was changed in 2000 survey.
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Notes: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.3. Family and Medical Leave Policies by Establishment Size: Reasons for Which
Health Benefits Are Continued During FMLA Leave: 2000 Survey
Establishment Continues Health Benefits During Leave For: (1) |
Percent of Covered Establishments With: |
All Covered
Establishments |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
Yes |
86.5% |
96.5% |
87.0% |
No |
0.9% |
& |
0.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
12.7% |
3.5% |
12.2% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|
|
|
Yes |
90.6% |
98.3% |
91.0% |
No |
-- |
& |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
8.7% |
-- |
8.4% |
Parents to Care for Newborn** |
|
|
|
Yes |
89.0% |
97.1% |
89.4% |
No |
1.2% |
-- |
1.2% |
Depends on circumstances |
9.8% |
-- |
9.4% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster Care Placement |
|
|
|
Yes |
89.0% |
96.0% |
89.4% |
No |
1.3% |
-- |
1.3% |
Depends on circumstances |
9.6% |
3.4% |
9.3% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent for Serious Health Condition** |
|
|
|
Yes |
84.4% |
97.3% |
85.1% |
No |
1.5% |
-- |
1.4% |
Depends on circumstances |
14.1% |
-- |
13.5% |
(1) Order of items was changed in 2000 survey.
** Difference between sizes categories is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
& Indicates no significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
Notes: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Includes establishments that provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.4. Family and Medical Leave Policies by FMLA Coverage Status: Reasons for
Which Health Benefits are Continued During Leave: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Establishment Continues
Health Benefits During Leave For: (1) |
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
Percent of All
Establishments |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
95.2%* |
87.0% |
77.9% |
84.0% |
82.2% |
84.5% |
No |
1.3% |
0.8% |
9.1% |
4.4% |
7.2% |
3.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
3.5%** |
12.2% |
13.0% |
11.6% |
10.6% |
11.7% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
96.3% |
91.0% |
86.3% |
89.0% |
88.9% |
89.3% |
No |
1.2% |
-- |
4.3% |
2.4% |
3.5% |
2.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
2.5%* |
8.4% |
9.4% |
8.6% |
7.6% |
8.6% |
Parents to Care for Newborn |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
95.7%* |
89.4% |
72.4% |
78.0% |
78.8% |
80.1% |
No |
0.9% |
1.2% |
7.7% |
7.1% |
5.9% |
6.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
3.4%* |
9.4% |
19.8% |
14.9% |
15.3% |
13.9% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster Care Placement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
95.8% |
89.4% |
75.9% |
76.2% |
81.7% |
78.7% |
No |
1.0% |
1.3% |
10.4% |
6.6% |
7.7% |
5.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
3.2% |
9.3% |
13.7% |
17.2% |
10.6% |
15.7% |
Care of child, Spouse, or Parent for Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
95.2%** |
85.1% |
69.0%* |
81.7% |
75.9% |
82.3% |
No |
1.5% |
1.4% |
11.7%* |
4.0% |
9.0%* |
3.5% |
Depends on circumstances |
3.3%** |
13.5% |
19.3% |
14.4% |
15.1% |
14.2% |
(1) Order of items was changed in 2000 survey.
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Notes: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Includes establishments that provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.5. Family and Medical Leave Policies by FMLA Coverage Status: Reasons
for Which Job Return is Guaranteed: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Establishment Guarantees Same or Equivalent Job on Return from Leave For: (1) |
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
Percent of All
Establishments |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
94.7% |
94.1% |
86.8% |
88.5% |
88.1% |
89.2% |
No |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1.5% |
-- |
1.3% |
Depends on circumstances |
4.6% |
5.5% |
11.6% |
10.0% |
10.4% |
9.4% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
99.2%* |
98.2% |
87.3%** |
93.2% |
89.5%* |
93.9% |
No |
& |
-- |
-- |
1.3% |
-- |
1.2% |
Depends on circumstances |
0.8% |
1.6% |
10.6%* |
5.5% |
8.8% |
5.0% |
Parents to Care for Newborn |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
99.2%** |
96.7% |
83.8%** |
93.8% |
86.9%** |
94.2% |
No |
& |
-- |
-- |
1.9% |
-- |
1.7% |
Depends on circumstances |
0.8%** |
2.8% |
14.2%** |
4.3% |
11.5%** |
4.0% |
Parents for Adoption or
Foster Care Placement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
99.0% |
93.8% |
85.5% |
89.7% |
88.2% |
90.3% |
No |
& |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1.3% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.0% |
5.6% |
11.2% |
8.9% |
9.2% |
8.4% |
Care of child, Spouse, or Parent for Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
98.9% |
93.4% |
86.0% |
87.7% |
88.3% |
88.5% |
No |
& |
-- |
-- |
1.4% |
-- |
1.3% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.1% |
5.8% |
11.4% |
10.9% |
9.5% |
10.2% |
(1) Order of items was changed in 2000 survey.
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
& Indicates no significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
Notes: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Includes establishments that provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.6. Family and Medical Leave Policies by Establishment Size: Reasons for Which
Job Return is Guaranteed: 2000 Survey
Establishment Guarantees Same or Equivalent Job on Return from Leave For: (1) |
Percent of Covered Establishments With: |
AllCovered
Establishments |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
Yes |
94.0% |
96.5% |
94.1% |
No |
-- |
& |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
5.6% |
-- |
5.5% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|
|
|
Yes |
98.3% |
96.5% |
98.2% |
No |
-- |
& |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
1.5% |
-- |
1.6% |
Parents to Care for Newborn |
|
|
|
Yes |
96.6% |
98.1% |
96.7% |
No |
-- |
& |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
2.8% |
-- |
2.8% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster
Care Placement |
|
|
|
Yes |
93.6% |
97.6% |
93.8% |
No |
-- |
& |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
5.7% |
-- |
5.6% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent
for Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
Yes |
93.2% |
97.6% |
93.4% |
No |
-- |
& |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
6.0% |
-- |
5.8% |
(1) Order of items was changed in 2000 survey.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
& Indicates no significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
Notes: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Includes establishments that provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.7. Provision of Leave Beyond that Guaranteed by FMLA by Establishment Size:
2000 Survey
Establishment ProvidesGuaranteed Leave For: |
Percent of Covered Establishments With: |
All Covered
Establishments |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
More Than 12 Weeks Per Year |
|
|
|
Yes |
22.5% |
30.1% |
22.9% |
No |
50.0% |
42.6% |
49.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
27.5% |
27.3% |
27.5% |
Employees Who Have Worked for Establishment Less Than 12 Months |
|
|
|
Yes |
29.0% |
24.3% |
28.7% |
No |
42.8% |
56.6% |
43.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
28.2% |
19.2% |
27.7% |
Employees Who Have Worked for Less Than 1,250 Hours in the Past Year |
|
|
|
Yes |
27.1% |
26.1% |
27.0% |
No |
45.4% |
54.0% |
45.9% |
Depends on circumstances |
27.5% |
19.9% |
27.0% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.8. Provision of Leave for Additional Reasons by FMLA Coverage Status: 2000
Survey
Establishment Allows Additional Leave For: |
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
Percent of All
Establishments |
Attending School Meetings or Activities** |
|
|
|
Yes - Separate from other leave |
40.9% |
60.5% |
58.3% |
Yes - Not separate from other leave |
27.5% |
15.7% |
17.0% |
No |
22.2% |
18.7% |
19.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
9.4% |
5.1% |
5.6% |
Routine Medical Appointments for Self and Family** |
|
|
|
Yes - Separate from other leave |
30.9% |
62.0% |
58.6% |
Yes - Not separate from other leave |
42.5% |
22.6% |
24.8% |
No |
20.1% |
12.1% |
12.9% |
Depends on circumstances |
6.5% |
3.3% |
3.7% |
** Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.9. Provision of Leave for Additional Reasons by Establishment Size: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments With: |
All Covered
Establishments |
Establishment AllowsAdditional Leave For: |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Attending School Meetings or Activities* |
|
|
|
Yes - Separate from other leave |
41.0% |
39.3% |
40.9% |
Yes - Not separate from other leave |
27.5% |
27.2% |
27.5% |
No |
22.6% |
15.1% |
22.2% |
Depends on circumstances |
8.9% |
18.4% |
9.4% |
Routine Medical Appointments
for Self and Family |
|
|
|
Yes - Separate from other leave |
31.0% |
28.9% |
30.9% |
Yes - Not separate from other leave |
42.5% |
42.6% |
42.5% |
No |
20.2% |
17.3% |
20.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
6.3% |
11.2% |
6.5% |
* Difference between size categories is significant at p<.10.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.10. Employee Access to Leave for Additional Reasons:
2000 Survey
Does/Did your employer allow you to take leave for the following reason: |
Percent of Employees |
Yes |
No |
Depends |
Taking part in children’s school and early childhood educational activities |
59.5% |
35.3% |
5.2% |
Attending to routine family medical needs |
84.3% |
14.1% |
1.6% |
Helping with elderly relatives’ health care needs |
56.6% |
40.2% |
3.1% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-5.11. Employee Use of Additional Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Employees With Access to Leave for this Reason |
Has employee taken this kind of leave? |
Yes |
No |
Taking part in children’s school and early childhood educational activities |
35.4% |
64.6% |
Attending to routine family medical needs |
49.4% |
50.6% |
Helping with elderly relatives’ health care needs |
22.4% |
77.6% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-5.12. Employee Need of Additional Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Employees Without Access to Leave for this Reason |
Has employee needed this kind of leave? |
Yes |
No |
Taking part in children’s school and early childhood educational activities |
14.8% |
85.2% |
Attending to routine family medical needs |
23.1% |
76.9% |
Helping with elderly relatives’ health care needs |
7.1% |
92.9% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-5.13. Continuation of Pay During Leave by Establishment Size: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments With: |
All Covered
Establishments |
Establishment Provides: |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Paid Sick Leave |
|
|
|
Yes |
73.8% |
82.7% |
74.3% |
No |
18.4% |
7.7% |
17.9% |
Depends on circumstances |
7.8% |
9.6% |
7.9% |
Paid Disability Leave** |
|
|
|
Yes |
61.7% |
80.3% |
62.7% |
No |
25.5% |
8.0% |
24.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
12.8% |
11.7% |
12.7% |
Paid Vacation |
|
|
|
Yes |
94.8% |
92.6% |
94.7% |
No |
1.0% |
-- |
0.9% |
Depends on circumstances |
4.2% |
6.8% |
4.4% |
Other Paid Time Off |
|
|
|
Yes |
43.5% |
40.9% |
43.3% |
No |
54.6% |
57.6% |
54.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.9% |
-- |
1.9% |
** Difference between size categories is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.14. Continuation of Pay During Leave by Establishment Size: Reasons for Which
Pay is Continued: 2000 Survey
Establishment Continues Pay During Leave For: |
Percent of Covered Establishments With: |
All Covered
Establishments |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Parents to Care for Newborn |
|
|
|
Full pay |
17.3% |
16.8% |
17.3% |
Partial pay |
5.8% |
9.7% |
6.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
22.6% |
23.9% |
22.7% |
No Pay |
54.3% |
49.6% |
54.1% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster Care Placement |
|
|
|
Full pay |
16.5% |
17.1% |
16.5% |
Partial pay |
2.5% |
6.0% |
2.7% |
Depends on circumstances |
20.7% |
17.2% |
20.5% |
No Pay |
60.3% |
59.7% |
60.3% |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
Full pay |
32.7% |
38.0% |
32.9% |
Partial pay |
16.7% |
22.0% |
17.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
20.1% |
22.2% |
20.3% |
No Pay |
30.5% |
17.8% |
29.8% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|
|
|
Full pay |
30.5% |
33.2% |
30.7% |
Partial pay |
17.7% |
25.4% |
18.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
16.0% |
22.3% |
16.3% |
No Pay |
35.9% |
19.0% |
35.0% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent for Serious Health Condition |
|
|
|
Full pay |
15.9% |
14.8% |
15.9% |
Partial pay |
3.6% |
5.0% |
3.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
21.2% |
18.8% |
21.1% |
No Pay |
59.3% |
61.4% |
59.4% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.15. Continuation of Other Benefits During Leave by FMLA Coverage Status:
2000 Survey
Establishment Continues: |
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
Percent of
All Establishments |
Contributions to Pension or
Retirement** |
|
|
|
Yes |
59.1% |
43.2% |
45.3% |
No |
25.6% |
46.2% |
43.5% |
Depends on circumstances |
15.4% |
10.5% |
11.1% |
Contributions to Life or
Disability Insurance** |
|
|
|
Yes |
82.4% |
59.8% |
62.7% |
No |
10.2% |
33.8% |
30.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
7.4% |
6.4% |
6.5% |
** Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.16. Continuation of Other Benefits During Leave by Establishment Size:
2000 Survey
Establishment Continues: |
Percent of Covered Establishments With: |
All Covered
Establishments |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Contributions to Pension or Retirement |
|
|
|
Yes |
59.1% |
58.2% |
59.1% |
No |
26.1% |
17.9% |
25.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
14.8% |
23.9% |
15.4% |
Contributions to Life or Disability Insurance |
|
|
|
Yes |
82.4% |
81.6% |
82.4% |
No |
10.4% |
7.0% |
10.2% |
Depends on circumstances |
7.2% |
11.4% |
7.4% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.17. Continuation of Other Benefits During Leave by FMLA Coverage Status:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Establishment Continues: |
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
Percent of All
Establishments |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Contributions to Pension
or Retirement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
62.5% |
59.1% |
38.1% |
43.2% |
41.7% |
45.3% |
No |
20.4% |
25.6% |
59.0%** |
46.2% |
53.2%* |
43.5% |
Depends on circumstances |
17.1% |
15.4% |
3.0%** |
10.5% |
5.1%** |
11.1% |
Contributions to Life or Disability Insurance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
91.3%** |
82.4% |
62.0% |
59.8% |
66.0% |
62.7% |
No |
5.9% |
10.2% |
35.5% |
33.8% |
31.4% |
30.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
2.8%** |
7.4% |
2.5%** |
6.4% |
2.5%** |
6.5% |
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.18. Provision of Other Work-Life Benefits by FMLA Coverage Status: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
Percent of All Establishments |
Child Care Assistance** |
|
|
|
Yes |
47.2% |
13.5% |
17.2% |
No |
51.0% |
83.8% |
80.2% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.8% |
2.7% |
2.6% |
Elder Care Assistance** |
|
|
|
Yes |
16.9% |
3.0% |
4.5% |
No |
82.1% |
94.8% |
93.4% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.0% |
2.2% |
2.1% |
Flexible Work Schedules |
|
|
|
Yes |
61.3% |
71.6% |
70.5% |
No |
26.0% |
23.0% |
23.4% |
Depends on circumstances |
12.7% |
5.4% |
6.2% |
Employee Assistance Program** |
|
|
|
Yes |
53.3% |
13.9% |
18.2% |
No |
45.1% |
84.1% |
79.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.5% |
2.0% |
2.0% |
Adoption Assistance** |
|
|
|
Yes |
20.5% |
1.9% |
3.9% |
No |
77.5% |
97.0% |
94.9% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.9% |
1.1% |
1.2% |
Workplace Provisions for Lactation* |
|
|
|
Yes |
35.5% |
21.2% |
22.7% |
No |
53.0% |
76.7% |
74.2% |
Depends on circumstances |
11.6% |
2.1% |
3.1% |
* Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.19. Provision of Other Work-Life Benefits by Size of Covered Establishment:
2000 Survey
Establishment Provides Leave For: |
Percent of Covered
Establishments With: |
All Covered
Establishments |
1-250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Child Care Assistance |
|
|
|
Yes |
46.6% |
58.5% |
47.2% |
No |
51.6% |
39.7% |
51.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.8% |
-- |
1.8% |
Elder Care Assistance |
|
|
|
Yes |
16.4% |
25.8% |
16.9% |
|
82.7% |
71.9% |
82.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
0.9% |
-- |
1.0% |
Flexible Work Schedules* |
|
|
|
Yes |
61.6% |
56.7% |
61.3% |
No |
26.1% |
24.1% |
26.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
12.3% |
19.2% |
12.7% |
Employee Assistance Program** |
|
|
|
Yes |
52.1% |
74.9% |
53.3% |
No |
46.4% |
22.1% |
45.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.5% |
-- |
1.5% |
Adoption Assistance |
|
|
|
Yes |
20.5% |
21.6% |
20.5% |
No |
77.6% |
76.2% |
77.5% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.9% |
-- |
1.9% |
Workplace Provisions for Lactation |
|
|
|
Yes |
34.9% |
45.5% |
35.5% |
No |
53.2% |
49.9% |
53.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
12.0% |
4.6% |
11.6% |
** Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note. Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-5.20. Additional Benefits Offered by Employers (as Reported by
Employees): 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Employees |
Yes |
No |
Depends |
Flextime |
44.7% |
53.4% |
1.9% |
Flexplace/telecommuting |
16.1% |
82.3% |
1.6% |
Job sharing |
24.6% |
74.7% |
0.7% |
Referral services for child care |
18.5% |
81.4% |
-- |
Vouchers for child care |
6.2% |
93.6% |
-- |
Onsite child care |
8.7% |
91.1% |
-- |
Referral services for elder care |
12.6% |
87.3% |
-- |
Adoption assistance |
8.4% |
91.5% |
-- |
Employee Assistance Program |
43.4% |
56.3% |
-- |
Paid parental leave |
29.0% |
69.9% |
1.1% |
Workplace provisions for lactation |
13.9% |
85.4% |
0.7% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-5.21. Benefits Perceived as Most Important by Employees:
2000 Survey
Which two are most important to you? |
Percent of Employees Reporting that Three or More Benefits are Offered(1) |
Flextime |
60.1% |
Flexplace/telecommuting |
16.4% |
Job sharing |
18.3% |
Referral services for child care |
11.7% |
Vouchers for child care |
3.3% |
Onsite child care |
7.1% |
Referral services for elder care |
7.1% |
Adoption assistance |
-- |
Employee Assistance Program |
38.4% |
Paid parental leave |
25.0% |
Workplace provisions for lactation |
3.3% |
(1) Percentages do not sum to 100% because respondents were asked to indicate two benefits as most important.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
CHAPTER 6
TABLES NOT DISPLAYED
IN TEXT
Table A2-6.1. Methods Used to Inform Employees of Their Rights Under FMLA by Establishment Size: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered
Establishments With: (1) |
All
Covered
Establishments
|
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Employee handbook* |
92.2% |
87.3% |
91.9% |
Notice on bulletin board |
92.4% |
92.4% |
92.4% |
Memos |
62.4% |
64.0% |
62.5% |
Computer network, Intranet, or e-mail |
31.2% |
43.8% |
32.0% |
Oral notification |
80.9% |
83.9% |
81.0% |
Some other method |
20.5% |
26.1% |
20.9% |
(1) Does not total to 100% because respondent could select more than one.
* Difference between size categories is significant at p<.10.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.2. Awareness of FMLA Notice Among Covered
Employees: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Employees Aware of FMLA |
Employees reporting there is/was a notice posted that explains FMLA |
55.8% |
Employees reporting there is/was not a notice posted that explains FMLA |
23.6% |
Employees who do not know if there is/was a notice posted that explains FMLA |
20.6% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-6.3. Management Practices for FMLA Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Establishment Requires Employees To: |
|
Provide medical documentation for covered leave due to a serious health condition |
|
Yes |
92.0% |
No |
3.4% |
Depends on circumstances |
4.6% |
Use their paid leave before taking unpaid leave |
|
Yes |
63.2% |
No |
30.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
5.9% |
Establishment Provides Employees: |
|
Alternative work arrangements instead of leave |
|
Yes |
43.4% |
No |
33.4% |
Depends on circumstances |
3.2% |
Written notice of how much FMLA leave they
have taken |
|
Yes |
82.3% |
No |
15.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
2.7% |
Written notice of how the Act is coordinated with preexisting leave and benefit policies |
|
Yes |
92.6% |
No |
6.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
1.3% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.4. Frequency That a Leave for Family and Medical Reason is Not
Classified as FMLA Leave: 2000 Survey
Leave is Not Classified as FMLA: |
Percent of Covered Establishments |
All of the time |
0.7% |
Most of the time |
3.8% |
Some of the time |
27.8% |
Rarely |
36.0% |
Never |
27.6% |
Establishment does not maintain records |
4.2% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.5. Most Frequently Used Method to Cover Work When an
Employee Takes Leave for a Week or Longer: 2000 Survey
Establishment Covers Work By: |
Percent of Covered Establishments That Reported More Than One Method |
Assigning work temporarily to other employees |
74.5% |
Hiring an outside temporary replacement |
18.0% |
Hiring a permanent replacement |
-- |
Putting work on hold until the employee returns from leave |
2.4% |
Having the employee perform some work while on leave |
-- |
Some other method |
4.3% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Note: Limited to establishments that reported more than one method.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.6. Comparing Covered Establishments with 50-99 Employees to Non-covered Establishments with 25-49 Employees: Methods Used to Cover Work When Employees Take Leave: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments With: (1) |
All Covered
Establishments |
1 - 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Assign work temporarily to other employees |
98.2% |
99.1% |
98.3% |
Hire an outside temporary replacement** |
39.8% |
68.5% |
41.3% |
Hire a permanent replacement |
4.3% |
6.6% |
4.4% |
Put work on hold until the employee return from leave |
15.1% |
23.9% |
15.5% |
Have the employee perform some work while on leave* |
8.7% |
13.3% |
9.0% |
Cover work some other way |
10.9% |
5.2% |
10.6% |
(1) Does not total to 100% because respondent could select more than one.
* Difference between size categories is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between size categories is significant at p<.05.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.7. How Work is Covered When Employees Take Leave:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Work Was Covered By: |
Percent of Leave-Takers |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Assigning it to other employees* |
72.3% |
76.5% |
Hiring a permanent employee** |
6.3% |
9.0% |
Hiring an outside temporary employee** |
16.8% |
12.7% |
Leaving work for when employee returned |
NA |
47.1% |
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates item not asked in 1995 survey.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-6.8. Methods Used Most Often When Employees Take Leave: 2000 Survey
Method Most Often Used |
Percent of Leave-Takers Reporting More than One Method of Covering Work |
Assigning it to other employees |
55.2% |
Hiring a permanent employee |
9.1% |
Hiring an outside temporary employee |
13.4% |
Leaving work for when employee returned |
22.3% |
Source: 2000 Survey of Employees.
Table A2-6.9. Usefulness of Provisions in Managing Employee Use
of Leave by FMLA-Covered Establishments: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Exception for Highly Paid Key Employees |
|
Very useful |
8.3% |
Somewhat useful |
48.4% |
Not at all useful |
43.3% |
Written Medical Certifications |
|
Very useful |
55.1% |
Somewhat useful |
36.8% |
Not at all useful |
8.1% |
Second and Third Medical Opinions |
|
Very useful |
18.0% |
Somewhat useful |
53.0% |
Not at all useful |
29.0% |
Advance Notice of Foreseeable Leave |
|
Very useful |
61.6% |
Somewhat useful |
32.0% |
Not at all useful |
6.5% |
Transfer to Alternative Position |
|
Very useful |
16.2% |
Somewhat useful |
63.5% |
Not at all useful |
20.3% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.10. Effects of FMLA-Related Administrative Activities by Establishment Size:
2000 Survey
Establishment Provides Leave For: |
Percent of Covered Establishments With: |
All Covered Establishments |
1 - 250 Employees |
251 + Employees |
Maintaining Additional
Record-Keeping** |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
63.4% |
41.8% |
62.0% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
36.6% |
58.2% |
38.0% |
Determining Whether the Act
Applies to the Organization |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
85.4% |
93.8% |
86.0% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
14.6% |
6.2% |
14.0% |
Determining Whether Certain Employees are Eligible** |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
84.0% |
73.5% |
83.4% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
16.0% |
26.5% |
16.6% |
Coordinating State and Federal
Leave Policies |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
56.7% |
63.1% |
57.1% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
43.3% |
36.9% |
42.9% |
Coordinating the Act with Other Federal laws |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
47.2% |
47.2% |
47.2% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
52.8% |
52.8% |
52.8% |
Coordinating the Act with Other
Leave Policies |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
60.0% |
58.9% |
59.9% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
40.0% |
41.1% |
40.1% |
Coordinating the Act with Employee Attendance Policies |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
66.2% |
54.9% |
65.5% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
33.8% |
45.1% |
34.5% |
Administering FMLA’s Notification, Designation, and Certification Requirements |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
45.5% |
47.2% |
45.6% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
54.5% |
52.8% |
54.4% |
Determining if a Health Condition is a Serious Health Condition Under FMLA |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
57.8% |
56.2% |
57.7% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
42.2% |
43.8% |
42.3% |
Overall Ease of Complying with FMLA |
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
64.0% |
57.0% |
63.6% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
36.0% |
43.0% |
36.4% |
** Difference between size categories is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.11. Effects of FMLA-Related Administrative Activities by Standard Industrial
Classification: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Manufac-
turing |
Retail |
Service |
All Other Industries |
All Estab-
lishments |
Maintaining Additional Record-Keeping |
|
|
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
61.6% |
54.6% |
70.9% |
58.7% |
62.0% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
38.4% |
45.4% |
29.1% |
41.3% |
38.0% |
Determining Whether the Act Applies to the Organization |
|
|
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
86.7% |
78.1% |
82.2% |
92.0% |
86.0% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
13.3% |
21.9% |
17.8% |
8.0% |
14.0% |
Determining Whether Certain Employees are Eligible |
|
|
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
82.1% |
72.3% |
91.8% |
82.3% |
83.4% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
17.9% |
27.7% |
8.2% |
17.7% |
16.6% |
Coordinating State and Federal Leave Policies |
|
|
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
66.5% |
53.1% |
63.9% |
51.4% |
57.1% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
33.5% |
46.9% |
36.1% |
48.6% |
42.9% |
Coordinating the Act with Other Federal Laws** |
|
|
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
55.3% |
51.1% |
65.4% |
29.7% |
47.2% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
44.7% |
48.9% |
34.6% |
70.3% |
52.8% |
Coordinating the Act with Other Leave Policies |
|
|
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
65.9% |
71.2% |
57.9% |
55.0% |
59.9% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
34.1% |
28.8% |
42.1% |
45.0% |
40.1% |
Coordinating the Act with Employee Attendance Policies |
|
|
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
69.4% |
63.1% |
74.9% |
58.5% |
65.5% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
30.6% |
36.9% |
25.1% |
41.5% |
34.5% |
Administering FMLA’s Notification, Designation, and Certification Requirements |
|
|
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
54.0% |
51.0% |
58.7% |
31.2% |
45.6% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
46.0% |
49.0% |
41.3% |
68.8% |
54.4% |
Table A2-6.11. Effects of FMLA-Related Administrative Activities by Standard Industrial
Classification: 2000 Survey (continued)
|
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Manufac-
turing |
Retail |
Service |
All Other Industries |
All Estab-
lishments |
Determining if a Health Condition is a Serious Health Condition Under FMLA |
|
|
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
60.7% |
57.8% |
67.7% |
49.3% |
57.7% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
39.3% |
42.2% |
32.3% |
50.7% |
42.3% |
Overall Ease of Complying with FMLA |
|
|
|
|
|
Very/Somewhat easy |
67.4% |
72.4% |
62.9% |
59.2% |
63.6% |
Very/Somewhat difficult |
32.6% |
27.6% |
37.1% |
40.8% |
36.4% |
** Difference between economic sectors is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.12. Effects of Complying with FMLA on Business and Employee Performance by
Establishment Size: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered
Establishments With: |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
All Covered Establishments |
Business Effects |
|
|
|
Productivity* |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
6.7% |
14.3% |
7.1% |
Negative effect |
15.7% |
26.1% |
16.3% |
No noticeable effect |
77.6% |
59.6% |
76.5% |
Profitability** |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
2.5% |
4.6% |
2.6% |
Negative effect |
9.0% |
23.5% |
9.8% |
No noticeable effect |
88.6% |
71.9% |
87.6% |
Growth |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
2.5% |
4.1% |
2.6% |
Negative effect |
10.0% |
4.9% |
9.7% |
No noticeable effect |
87.5% |
91.0% |
87.7% |
Employee Effects |
|
|
|
Productivity |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
15.9% |
14.1% |
15.8% |
Negative effect |
16.9% |
22.2% |
17.2% |
No noticeable effect |
67.2% |
63.8% |
67.0% |
Absences* |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
4.5% |
10.3% |
4.8% |
Negative effect |
18.1% |
30.7% |
18.9% |
No noticeable effect |
77.4% |
59.0% |
76.3% |
Turnover |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
5.4% |
9.7% |
5.7% |
Negative effect |
8.7% |
2.8% |
8.4% |
No noticeable effect |
85.8% |
87.5% |
85.9% |
Career Advancement |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
3.8% |
5.5% |
3.9% |
Negative effect |
-- |
-- |
-- |
No noticeable effect |
95.8% |
93.5% |
95.6% |
Morale |
|
|
|
Positive effect |
23.4% |
36.7% |
24.2% |
Negative effect |
11.0% |
13.8% |
11.1% |
No noticeable effect |
65.7% |
49.5% |
64.7% |
* Difference between size categories is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between size categories is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.13. The Impact of Intermittent Leave Taken Under FMLA on Covered Establishments
by Size: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments With: |
All Covered Establishments |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Productivity |
|
|
|
Large negative impact |
-- |
3.2% |
0.5% |
Moderate negative impact |
12.0% |
14.6% |
12.2% |
Small negative impact** |
4.8% |
14.5% |
5.4% |
No impact* |
82.3% |
65.7% |
81.2% |
Small positive impact |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Moderate positive impact |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Large positive impact |
& |
& |
& |
Profitability |
|
|
|
Large negative impact** |
-- |
1.2% |
0.1% |
Moderate negative impact** |
1.5% |
5.5% |
1.7% |
Small negative impact** |
3.8% |
10.7% |
4.2% |
No impact** |
94.5% |
81.7% |
93.7% |
Small positive impact |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Moderate positive impact |
& |
-- |
-- |
Large positive impact |
& |
& |
& |
* Significant at p<.10, using a t-test.
** Significant at p<.05, using a t-test.
& Indicates no significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note. Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.14. Changes in Costs Due to FMLA Since Coverage Began by Establishment Size:
2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments With: |
All Covered Establishments |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Administrative Costs |
|
|
|
Increased |
41.9% |
63.3% |
43.4% |
Decreased |
-- |
& |
-- |
Did not change |
58.0% |
36.7% |
56.6% |
Cost of Continuing Benefits
During Leave (e.g., health plans)** |
|
|
|
Increased |
26.9% |
45.7% |
28.1% |
Decreased |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Did not change |
73.0% |
54.0% |
71.8% |
Hiring/Training Costs |
|
|
|
Increased |
21.6% |
35.6% |
22.5% |
Decreased |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Did not change |
78.3% |
64.3% |
77.4% |
** Difference between size categories is significant at p<.05.
& Indicates no significance test was conducted because of zero cell.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.15. Changes in Costs Due to FMLA in Past 18 Months by Size: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered
Establishments With: |
All Covered Establishments |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Administrative Costs** |
|
|
|
No increase |
50.2% |
24.0% |
48.6% |
Small increase |
40.5% |
41.2% |
40.6% |
Moderate increase |
8.5% |
28.6% |
9.7% |
Large increase |
-- |
6.2% |
1.2% |
Cost of Continuing Benefits
During Leave (e.g., health plans)** |
|
|
|
No increase |
65.0% |
43.9% |
63.7% |
Small increase |
25.2% |
23.8% |
25.1% |
Moderate increase |
9.0% |
31.6% |
10.3% |
Large increase |
-- |
-- |
0.8% |
Hiring/Training Costs** |
|
|
|
No increase |
67.1% |
48.3% |
65.9% |
Small increase |
26.6% |
28.9% |
26.8% |
Moderate increase |
5.7% |
20.4% |
6.6% |
Large increase |
-- |
2.4% |
0.7% |
** Difference between size categories is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.16. Change in Costs Due to FMLA in Past 18 Months:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Covered Establishments |
|
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Administrative Costs |
|
|
No increase |
52.8% |
48.6% |
Small Increase |
36.4% |
40.6% |
Moderate Increase |
9.4% |
9.7% |
Large Increase |
1.4% |
1.2% |
Cost of Continuing Benefits
During Leave (e.g., health plans) |
|
|
No increase |
65.8% |
63.7% |
Small Increase |
27.6% |
25.1% |
Moderate Increase |
5.2%** |
10.3% |
Large Increase |
1.5% |
0.8% |
Hiring/Training Costs |
|
|
No increase |
76.3% |
65.9% |
Small Increase |
18.5% |
26.8% |
Moderate Increase |
4.2% |
6.6% |
Large Increase |
1.0% |
0.7% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.17. FMLA-Related Cost Savings by Establishment Size: 2000 Survey
Cost Savings:** |
Percent of Covered
Establishments With: |
All Covered Establishments |
1- 250 Employees |
251+ Employees |
Yes |
7.5% |
16.3% |
8.1% |
No |
92.5% |
83.7% |
91.9% |
** Difference between size categories is significant at p<.05.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.18. FMLA-Related Cost Savings: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Cost Savings: |
Percent of Covered Establishments |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Yes |
2.5%** |
8.1% |
No |
97.5%** |
91.9% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.19. Cost Savings Associated with FMLA Compliance:
2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Decreased turnover |
77.4% |
Increased employee morale |
-- |
Other cost savings |
21.7% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.20. Establishments Having FMLA Leave-Takers Not
Returning to Work: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Establishments Had Leave-Takers That Did Not Return to Work |
Percent of Covered Establishments |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Yes |
33.0% |
29.8% |
No |
67.0% |
70.2% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-6.21. Number of FMLA Leave-Takers Not Returning to Work:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
Number of Leave-Takers Who
Did Not Return to Work |
Percent of Covered Establishments With Nonreturning Leave-Takers |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
One** |
85.4% |
52.6% |
Two** |
7.8% |
22.0% |
More than two** |
6.8% |
25.4% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
CHAPTER 7
TABLES NOT DISPLAYED
IN TEXT
Table A2-7.1. Standard Industrial Classification of Establishments
Not Covered Under FMLA: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
Establishment Standard
Industrial Classification |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
% |
(N) |
% |
(N) |
Manufacturing |
6.2% |
404,609 |
4.5% |
283,506 |
Retail |
22.1% |
1,450,036 |
18.4% |
1,159,619 |
Service |
38.1% |
2,497,445 |
35.1% |
2,211,895 |
All other industries |
33.5% |
2,195,718 |
41.9% |
2,640,982 |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.2. Size of Establishments Not Covered Under FMLA:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Establishments With: |
% |
(N) |
% |
(N) |
Less than 10 employees |
82.5% |
5,403,060 |
80.3% |
5,056,694 |
11 – 24 employees |
12.4% |
812,378 |
15.9% |
999,829 |
25 – 49 employees |
5.1% |
332,370 |
3.8% |
239,479 |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.3. Family and Medical Leave Policies by State Laws: Reasons for
Which Up to 12 Weeks of Leave is Provided: 2000 Survey
Establishment Provides Leave For: |
Percent of Establishments
in a State: |
With Family and Medical Leave Laws |
Without Family and Medical Leave Laws |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|
|
Yes |
65.3% |
68.7% |
No |
21.5% |
20.9% |
Depends on circumstances |
13.2% |
10.4% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|
|
Yes |
68.9% |
59.7% |
No |
22.0% |
25.5% |
Depends on circumstances |
9.1% |
14.8% |
Parents to Care for Newborn |
|
|
Yes |
51.8% |
47.9% |
No |
33.6% |
33.2% |
Depends on circumstances |
14.6% |
18.9% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster Care Placement |
|
|
Yes |
43.8% |
42.9% |
No |
36.6% |
34.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
19.6% |
22.4% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent for Serious Health Condition |
|
|
Yes |
56.2% |
59.0% |
No |
29.6% |
28.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
14.2% |
12.4% |
All FMLA Reasons |
|
|
Yes |
33.1% |
34.4% |
No |
66.9% |
65.6% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.4. Methods Used to Cover Work When an Employee Takes Leave for a
Week or Longer by Coverage Status: 2000 Survey
Establishment Covers Leave By: |
Percent of Covered Establishments |
Percent of
Non-covered Establishments |
Percent of
All Establishments |
Assigning work temporarily to other employees** |
98.3% |
86.2% |
87.5% |
Hiring an outside temporary replacement |
41.3% |
32.9% |
33.8% |
Hiring a permanent replacement |
4.4% |
7.3% |
6.9% |
Putting work on hold until the employee returns from leave** |
15.5% |
31.3% |
29.6% |
Having the employee perform some work while on leave** |
9.0% |
21.7% |
20.3% |
Some other method |
10.6% |
9.6% |
9.7% |
** Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.05.
Note: Percents do not total to 100% because a respondent could answer "yes" to more than one source.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.5. Effects of Current Family and Medical Leave Policies on Establishment and Employee Performance
Among Non-covered Establishments: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
Business Performance |
|
Productivity |
|
Positive effect |
23.3% |
Negative effect |
5.8% |
No noticeable effect |
70.9% |
Profitability |
|
Positive effect |
11.3% |
Negative effect |
17.5% |
No noticeable effect |
71.2% |
Growth |
|
Positive effect |
9.8% |
Negative effect |
13.0% |
No noticeable effect |
77.2% |
Employee Performance |
|
Productivity |
|
Positive effect |
25.6% |
Negative effect |
9.3% |
No noticeable effect |
65.1% |
Absences |
|
Positive effect |
17.2% |
Negative effect |
9.6% |
No noticeable effect |
73.2% |
Turnover |
|
Positive effect |
18.2% |
Negative effect |
5.1% |
No noticeable effect |
76.8% |
Career Advancement |
|
Positive effect |
15.1% |
Negative effect |
-- |
No noticeable effect |
83.5% |
Morale |
|
Positive effect |
37.3% |
Negative effect |
5.0% |
No noticeable effect |
57.7% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.6. Non-covered Establishments’ Anticipated
Impact of FMLA on Business and Employee Performance:
2000 Survey
|
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
Business Performance |
|
Productivity |
|
Positive effect |
9.9% |
Negative effect |
50.5% |
No noticeable effect |
39.6% |
Profitability |
|
Positive effect |
6.4% |
Negative effect |
51.1% |
No noticeable effect |
42.5% |
Growth |
|
Positive effect |
7.2% |
Negative effect |
38.6% |
No noticeable effect |
54.2% |
Employee Performance |
|
Productivity |
|
Positive effect |
17.2% |
Negative effect |
40.0% |
No noticeable effect |
42.8% |
Absences |
|
Positive effect |
8.2% |
Negative effect |
31.5% |
No noticeable effect |
60.4% |
Turnover |
|
Positive effect |
9.0% |
Negative effect |
25.2% |
No noticeable effect |
65.9% |
Career Advancement |
|
Positive effect |
11.8% |
Negative effect |
17.6% |
No noticeable effect |
70.5% |
Morale |
|
Positive effect |
24.6% |
Negative effect |
23.9% |
No noticeable effect |
51.5% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.7. Non-covered Establishments’ Anticipated Cost
of FMLA: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
Administrative Costs |
|
No increase |
28.5% |
Small Increase |
26.3% |
Moderate Increase |
31.1% |
Large Increase |
14.0% |
Hiring/Training Costs |
|
No increase |
34.5% |
Small Increase |
23.4% |
Moderate Increase |
28.6% |
Large Increase |
13.5% |
Litigation Costs |
|
No increase |
57.7% |
Small Increase |
18.8% |
Moderate Increase |
12.6% |
Large Increase |
10.9% |
Would There Be Any Cost Savings? |
|
Yes |
8.9% |
No |
91.9% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.8. Anticipated Effects of Complying with FMLA Among
Non-covered Establishments: Business and Employee Performance:
1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Business Effects |
|
|
Productivity |
|
|
Positive effect |
7.0% |
9.9% |
Negative effect |
46.8% |
50.5% |
No noticeable effect |
46.1% |
39.6% |
Profitability |
|
|
Positive effect |
5.5% |
6.4% |
Negative effect |
46.5% |
51.1% |
No noticeable effect |
48.0% |
42.5% |
Growth |
|
|
Positive effect* |
3.6% |
7.2% |
Negative effect |
33.8% |
38.6% |
No noticeable effect* |
62.6% |
54.2% |
Employee Effects |
|
|
Productivity |
|
|
Positive effect |
12.2% |
17.2% |
Negative effect* |
31.0% |
40.0% |
No noticeable effect** |
56.8% |
42.8% |
Absences |
|
|
Positive effect |
7.8% |
8.2% |
Negative effect |
28.1% |
31.5% |
No noticeable effect |
64.0% |
60.4% |
Turnover |
|
|
Positive effect |
11.4% |
9.0% |
Negative effect** |
14.9% |
25.2% |
No noticeable effect* |
73.7% |
65.9% |
Career Advancement |
|
|
Positive effect* |
6.0% |
11.8% |
Negative effect** |
8.5% |
17.6% |
No noticeable effect** |
85.5% |
70.5% |
Morale |
|
|
Positive effect |
NA |
24.6% |
Negative effect |
NA |
23.9% |
No noticeable effect |
NA |
51.5% |
* Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates item was not asked in 1995 survey.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.9. Anticipated Impact of Complying with FMLA: Business Costs: 1995 and 2000 Surveys
|
Percent of Non-covered Establishments |
1995
Survey |
2000
Survey |
Administrative Costs |
|
|
No increase |
35.2% |
28.5% |
Small increase |
22.4% |
26.3% |
Moderate increase |
25.5% |
31.1% |
Large increase |
16.9% |
14.0% |
Hiring or Training Costs |
|
|
No increase |
43.2% |
34.5% |
Small increase |
20.8% |
23.4% |
Moderate increase** |
17.8% |
28.6% |
Large increase |
18.2% |
13.5% |
Litigation Costs |
|
|
No increase |
NA |
57.7% |
Small increase |
NA |
18.8% |
Moderate increase |
NA |
12.6% |
Large increase |
NA |
10.9% |
Cost Savings |
|
|
Yes** |
4.2% |
8.9% |
No** |
95.8% |
91.1% |
** Difference between 1995 and 2000 is significant at p<.05.
NA Indicates item was not asked in 1995 survey.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 1995 and 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.10. Family and Medical Leave Policies by FMLA Coverage Subgroup
Status: Reasons for Providing Up to 12 Weeks of Unpaid Leave: 2000 Survey
Reasons for Providing Leave: |
Percent of Covered Establishments with 50-99 Employees |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments with 25-49 Employees |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|
|
Yes |
90.9% |
82.2% |
No |
-- |
11.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
4.6% |
6.0% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|
|
Yes |
90.3% |
75.7% |
No |
5.5% |
11.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
4.2% |
12.6% |
Parents to Care for Newborn* |
|
|
Yes |
88.1% |
68.5% |
No |
6.5% |
17.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
5.4% |
14.5% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster Care Placement |
|
|
Yes |
83.1% |
67.8% |
No |
10.5% |
22.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
6.4% |
10.1% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent for Serious Health Condition* |
|
|
Yes |
90.0% |
75.5% |
No |
4.5% |
16.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
5.5% |
8.5% |
All FMLA Reasons** |
|
|
Yes |
81.6% |
59.6% |
No or Depends on circumstances |
18.4% |
40.4% |
* Difference between subgroups is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between subgroups is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.11. Family and Medical Leave Policies by FMLA Covered Subgroup
Status: Continuation of Health Benefits: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments with 50-99 Employees |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments with 25-49 Employees |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|
|
Yes |
89.0% |
89.2% |
No |
-- |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
8.8% |
8.6% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|
|
Yes |
90.5% |
90.6% |
No |
-- |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
8.2% |
6.7% |
Parents to Care for Newborn |
|
|
Yes |
88.2% |
89.5% |
No |
-- |
3.5% |
Depends on circumstances |
9.1% |
7.0% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster Care Placement |
|
|
Yes |
87.5% |
88.7% |
No |
-- |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
9.4% |
7.9% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent for Serious Health Condition |
|
|
Yes |
85.8% |
85.9% |
No |
-- |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
9.9% |
11.9% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Notes: Includes establishments that provide up to 12 weeks of leave for each reason.
Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.12. Family and Medical Leave Policies by FMLA Coverage Status:
Reasons for Which Job Return is Guaranteed: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments with 50-99 Employees |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments with 25-49 Employees |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|
|
Yes |
95.6% |
82.9% |
No |
-- |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
4.1% |
14.2% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|
|
Yes |
96.9% |
94.9% |
No |
-- |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
2.9% |
3.5% |
Parents to Care for Newborn |
|
|
Yes |
95.1% |
94.4% |
No |
-- |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
4.6% |
3.7% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster Care Placement |
|
|
Yes |
94.9% |
86.0% |
No |
-- |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
4.2% |
13.1% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent for Serious Health Condition* |
|
|
Yes |
93.5% |
72.3% |
No |
-- |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
3.7% |
25.6% |
* Difference between subgroups is significant at p<.10.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Notes: Includes establishments that provide up to 12 weeks of leave for each reason.
Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.13. Provision of Leave Beyond that Guaranteed by FMLA by Coverage
Subgroup Status: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments with 50-99 Employees |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments with 25-49 Employees |
More Than 12 Weeks Per Year |
|
|
Yes |
18.2% |
17.9% |
No |
55.9% |
36.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
25.8% |
46.2% |
Employees Who Have Worked for Establishment Less Than 12 Months* |
|
|
Yes |
25.1% |
17.9% |
No |
54.1% |
40.2% |
Depends on circumstances |
20.9% |
41.9% |
Employees Who Have Worked for Less Than 1,250 Hours in the Past Year** |
|
|
Yes |
22.9% |
17.7% |
No |
56.6% |
38.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
20.5% |
43.7% |
* Difference between subgroups is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between subgroups is significant at p<.05.
Note: Percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.14. Provision of Additional Leave for Additional Reasons by FMLA
Coverage Subgroup Status: 2000 Survey
Establishment Allows Additional Leave For: |
Percent of Covered Establishments with 50-99 Employees |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments with 25-49 Employees |
Attending School Meetings or
Activities |
|
|
Yes - Separate from other leave |
46.8% |
59.9% |
Yes - Not separate from other leave |
24.5% |
17.7% |
No |
16.1% |
12.5% |
Depends on circumstances |
12.5% |
9.9% |
Routine Medical Appointments for Self and Family** |
|
|
Yes - Separate from other leave |
40.8% |
62.4% |
Yes - Not separate from other leave |
40.1% |
30.7% |
No |
8.3% |
4.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
10.7% |
-- |
** Difference between covered and non-covered establishments is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.15. Continuation of Other Benefits During Leave by FMLA Coverage
Subgroup Status: 2000 Survey
Establishment Continues: |
Percent of Covered Establishments with 50-99 Employees |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments with 25-49 Employees |
Contributions to Pension
or Retirement |
|
|
Yes |
43.8% |
44.8% |
No |
39.8% |
43.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
16.4% |
11.4% |
Contributions to Life or Disability Insurance |
|
|
Yes |
74.8% |
75.8% |
No |
16.0% |
15.8% |
Depends on circumstances |
9.2% |
8.4% |
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.16. Continuation of Pay During Leave by FMLA Coverage Subgroup Status:
2000 Survey
Establishment Continues Pay For: |
Percent of Covered Establishments with 50-99 Employees |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments with 25-49 Employees |
Paid Sick Leave |
|
|
Yes |
68.3% |
67.6% |
No |
21.1% |
19.4% |
Depends on circumstances |
10.6% |
13.0% |
Paid Disability Leave |
|
|
Yes |
56.2% |
53.3% |
No |
22.9% |
30.9% |
Depends on circumstances |
21.0% |
15.9% |
Paid Vacation |
|
|
Yes |
90.3% |
87.8% |
No |
-- |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
8.1% |
-- |
Other Paid Time Off** |
|
|
Yes |
44.3% |
26.7% |
No |
52.0% |
71.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
3.6% |
-- |
** Difference between subgroups is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.17. Continuation of Pay During Leave by FMLA Coverage Subgroup Status:
Reasons for Which Pay is Continued: 2000 Survey
Establishment ContinuesPay During Leave For: |
Percent of Covered Establishments with 50-99 Employees |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments with 25-49 Employees |
Parents to Care for Newborn |
|
|
Full pay |
19.8% |
26.5% |
Partial pay |
4.1% |
14.4% |
Depends on circumstances |
21.0% |
25.5% |
No Pay |
55.1% |
33.6% |
Parents for Adoption or Foster Care Placement |
|
|
Full pay |
15.3% |
20.3% |
Partial pay |
2.7% |
-- |
Depends on circumstances |
20.7% |
17.8% |
No Pay |
61.4% |
48.6% |
Employee’s Own Serious Health Condition |
|
|
Full pay |
37.8% |
31.0% |
Partial pay |
10.0% |
16.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
22.5% |
29.1% |
No Pay |
29.7% |
23.3% |
Mother’s Maternity-Related Reasons |
|
|
Full pay |
32.3% |
31.9% |
Partial pay |
10.2% |
13.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
19.4% |
25.8% |
No Pay |
38.1% |
29.3% |
Care of Child, Spouse, or Parent for Serious Health Condition |
|
|
Full pay |
22.0% |
25.7% |
Partial pay |
-- |
11.6% |
Depends on circumstances |
21.8% |
28.7% |
No Pay |
53.9% |
34.0% |
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.18. Provision of Other Work-Life Benefits by FMLA
Coverage Status: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments with 50-99 Employees |
Percent of Non-Covered Establishments with 25-49 Employees |
Child Care Assistance* |
|
|
Yes |
35.2% |
18.2% |
No |
62.4% |
81.4% |
Depends on circumstances |
-- |
-- |
Elder Care Assistance** |
|
|
Yes |
9.4% |
3.2% |
No |
89.8% |
96.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
-- |
-- |
Flexible Work Schedules** |
|
|
Yes |
60.5% |
76.2% |
No |
27.6% |
16.2% |
Depends on circumstances |
12.0% |
7.6% |
Employee Assistance Program** |
|
|
Yes |
41.0% |
17.4% |
No |
56.1% |
81.1% |
Depends on circumstances |
2.9% |
-- |
Adoption Assistance** |
|
|
Yes |
7.7% |
-- |
No |
90.2% |
97.0% |
Depends on circumstances |
-- |
-- |
Workplace Provisions for Lactation |
|
|
Yes |
26.2% |
9.5% |
No |
65.7% |
79.4% |
Depends on circumstances |
8.1% |
-- |
* Difference between subgroups is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between subgroups is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.19. Comparison of Non-covered Subgroup’s Anticipated Impact of FMLA
to Covered Subgroup’s Actual Impact of FMLA: 2000 Survey
Business Effects |
Percent of Covered Establishments with 50-99 Employees |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments with 25-49 Employees |
Productivity |
|
|
Positive effect |
10.1% |
-- |
Negative effect** |
10.2% |
43.1% |
No noticeable effect** |
79.7% |
49.8% |
Profitability |
|
|
Positive effect* |
4.6% |
-- |
Negative effect** |
12.8% |
43.9% |
No noticeable effect** |
82.6% |
54.2% |
Growth |
|
|
Positive effect |
-- |
-- |
Negative effect** |
4.0% |
33.5% |
No noticeable effect** |
92.8% |
64.9% |
Employee Effects |
|
|
Productivity |
|
|
Positive effect |
11.7% |
13.2% |
Negative effect* |
14.4% |
35.1% |
No noticeable effect* |
73.9% |
51.6% |
Absences |
|
|
Positive effect |
5.8% |
6.2% |
Negative effect |
15.6% |
33.1% |
No noticeable effect |
78.6% |
60.7% |
Turnover |
|
|
Positive effect |
7.5% |
6.7% |
Negative effect* |
-- |
23.4% |
No noticeable effect* |
89.8% |
69.9% |
Career Advancement |
|
|
Positive effect |
4.1% |
5.4% |
Negative effect** |
-- |
6.8% |
No noticeable effect* |
94.8% |
87.8% |
Morale |
|
|
Positive effect |
26.9% |
22.7% |
Negative effect |
7.3% |
21.1% |
No noticeable effect |
65.7% |
56.2% |
* Difference between subgroups is significant at p<.10.
** Difference between subgroups is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
Table A2-7.20. Comparison of Non-covered Subgroups’ Anticipated Cost of FMLA
to Covered Subgroups’ Actual Cost of FMLA: 2000 Survey
|
Percent of Covered Establishments with 50-99 Employees |
Percent of Non-covered Establishments with 25-49 Employees |
Administrative Costs |
|
|
No increase** |
46.8% |
17.3% |
Small Increase |
39.2% |
49.3% |
Moderate Increase |
13.2% |
26.4% |
Large Increase** |
-- |
7.0% |
Hiring/Training Costs |
|
|
No increase** |
70.1% |
29.0% |
Small Increase |
18.6% |
15.8% |
Moderate Increase** |
9.3% |
43.7% |
Large Increase** |
-- |
11.5% |
** Difference between subgroups is significant at p<.05.
-- Indicates less than 10 unweighted cases.
Note: Column percents may not total to 100% due to rounding.
Source: 2000 Survey of Establishments.
|