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ISCN Abbreviated Terms and Symbols
Abbreviated terms and symbols used in the description of chromosomes and
chromosomal abnormalities are listed below. For a detailed discussion of these
terms, consult the specific section reference in ISCN
(1995): An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature, Mitelman, F (ed);
S. Karger, Basel, 1995.
| Term (Symbol) |
Description | Section Reference |
| add |
Additional material of unknown origin |
9.2.1 |
| approximate sign (-)** |
Denotes intervals and boundaries of a chromosome segment |
5.2 |
| c |
Constitutional anomaly |
11.3 |
| comma (,) |
Separates chromosome numbers, sex chromosomes,
chromosome abnormalities |
4.1 |
| cp |
Composite karyotype |
11.1.6 |
| del |
Deletion |
9.2.2 |
| der |
Derivative chromosome |
4.4
9.2.3
9.2.16.2
9.2.16.3 |
| dic |
Dicentric |
9.2.4 |
| dmin |
Double minute |
9.2.12 |
| dup |
Duplication |
9.2.5 |
| fis |
Fission, at the centromere |
9.2.6 |
| hsr |
Homogeneously staining region |
9.2.8 |
| i |
Isochromosome |
9.2.11 |
| idem |
Denotes the stemline karyotype in subclones |
11.1.5 |
| ider |
Isoderivative chromosome |
9.2.3 |
| idic |
Isodicentric chromosome |
9.2.4
9.2.11 |
| inc |
Incomplete karyotype |
5.4 |
| ins |
Insertion |
9.2.9 |
| inv |
Inversion |
9.2.5
9.2.9
9.2.10 |
| mar |
Marker chromosome |
9.2.12 |
| minus sign (-) |
Loss |
4.1
8.1 |
| multiplication sign (x) |
Multiple copies of rearranged chromosomes |
9.3 |
| or |
Alternative interpretation |
5.3 |
| p |
Short arm of chromosome |
|
| parentheses () |
Surround structurally altered chromosome and breakpoints |
4.1 |
| plus sign (+) |
Gain |
4.1
8.1 |
| q |
Long arm of chromosome |
|
| qpd |
Quadruplication |
9.2.13 |
| question mark (?) |
Questionable identification of a chromosome or chromosome structure |
5.1 |
| r |
Ring chromosome |
9.2.14 |
| semicolon (;) |
Separates altered chromosomes and
breakpoints in structural rearrangements involving more than one chromosome |
4.1
4.3.1 |
| Slant line (/) |
Separates clones |
4.1
11.1.5
11.1.7
11.3 |
| t |
Translocation |
9.2.16 |
| tas |
Telomeric association |
9.2.15 |
| trc |
Tricentric chromosome |
9.2.17 |
| trp |
Triplication |
9.2.18 |
**The symbol for the approximate sign in the Mitelman database is the minus sign (-).
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