Who Is a Caregiver?

Adjusting to Being a Caregiver

Thinking About Your Strengths and Limits Why Getting Help Is Important Long-Distance Caring

Caring for Your Mind, Body, and Spirit

Make Time for Yourself Myths About Taking Care of Yourself* Ways to Nurture Yourself* Caring for Your Body Finding Meaning During Cancer Do You Need Help with Depression or Anxiety? Taking Care of Yourself

Talking with the Health Care Team

Helping to Get Ready for Visits to the Doctor Talking with the Doctor

Talking with Family and Friends

Helping Children and Teens Cope Ways to Stay Involved in Your Children's Lives How Children May React, and What to Do* Tips for Talking With Children of Different Ages Communicating with Your Partner with Cancer Communicating with Other Family Members and Friends

Life Planning

Facing Fertility Issues Handling Money Worries Handling Work Issues

Reflection

Caregiver's Bill of Rights

Resources

For more information

The purpose of this book is to focus on you and your needs.

"You definitely need to learn ways to take care of yourself. Because if you're not taking care of yourself, you can't take care of anyone else. Don't be afraid to ask questions and don't be afraid to ask for help." - Francis

We've heard from many caregivers about things they wish they had known early on. We have collected their tips in this booklet. Some of the tips seem simple, but they may not always be easy to do.

Use this booklet in whatever way works best for you. You can read it from front to back. Or you can just refer to different sections as you need them.

No two people are alike. Some chapters of this booklet may apply to you while others may not. Or you may find some sections that are more useful to you later.

Terms Used: This booklet uses the terms "loved one" and "patient" throughout to describe the person you are caring for. In addition, for ease of reading, we alternate using the pronouns "he" and "she" when referring to the person with cancer.

Other NCI booklets for caregivers that can be ordered or printed from the Web are:

• Facing Forward: When Someone You Love Has Completed Cancer Treatment ¹
• When Someone You Love Has Advanced Cancer ²
• Young People With Cancer: A Handbook for Parents ³
• When Your Parent Has Cancer: A Guide For Teens
• When Your Brother or Sister Has Cancer: A Guide for Teens

This booklet is for you if you are helping your loved one get through cancer treatment. You are a "caregiver." You may not think of yourself as a caregiver. You may see what you're doing as something natural - taking care of someone you love.

There are different types of caregivers. Some are family members, while others are friends. Every situation is different. So there are different ways to give care. There isn't one way that works best.

Caregiving can mean helping with day-to-day activities such as doctor visits or preparing food. But it can also happen long-distance. You may have to coordinate care and services for your loved one by phone. Caregiving can also mean giving emotional and spiritual support. You may be helping your loved one cope and work through the many feelings that come up at this time. Talking, listening, and just being there are some of the most important things you can do.

Giving care and support during this challenging time isn't easy. The natural response of most caregivers is to put their own feelings and needs aside. They try to focus on the person with cancer and the many tasks of caregiving. This may be fine for a short time. But it can be hard to keep up for a long time. And it's not good for your health. If you don't take care of yourself, you won't be able to take care of others. It's important for everyone that you give care to you.

"I think you can be the best caregiver you can be by taking care of yourself, by trying to get as much information as possible, and by letting yourself lean on the people who are willing to help you." - Leneice

Changing Roles

"Once a week, after I take the kids to school, I then take Mom to her doctor's appointment. Then I take her home and make her lunch and sit with her awhile. She argues with me every time because she wants to do it herself. It's hard for her to have to rely on me." - Lynn

Whether you're younger or older, you may find yourself in a new role as a caregiver. You may have been an active part of someone's life before cancer, but perhaps now the way you support that person is different. It may be in a way in which you haven't had much experience, or in a way that feels more intense than before. Even though caregiving may feel new to you now, many say that they learn more as they go through their loved one's cancer experience. Common situations that many caregivers describe:

• Your spouse or partner may feel comfortable with only you taking care of him.
• Your parent may have a hard time accepting help from you (their adult child) since she's always been used to caring for you.
• Your adult child with cancer may not want to rely on his parents for care.
• You may have health problems yourself, making it hard physically and emotionally to take care of someone else.

Whatever your roles are now, accepting the changes may be tough. It's very common to feel confused and stressed at this time. If you can, try to share your feelings with others or a support group. Or you may choose to seek help from a counselor or psychologist. Many caregivers say that talking with a counselor helped them. They feel they were able to say things that they weren't able to say to their loved ones. See "Talking with Family and Friends ⁴" for more tips.

Coping with Your Feelings

"It's emotionally exhausting, and I never know what to expect. One minute, things are looking up. Then a couple of hours later, something happens and I don't have the answers." - David

You've probably felt a range of feelings as you care for your loved one. These feelings can be quite strong and will likely come and go in strength as you go through treatment with the patient. Many caregivers describe this as "like a rollercoaster." You may feel sad, afraid, angry, and worried. There is no right or wrong way to feel or react to these feelings.

You may relate to all of the feelings below, or just a few. You may feel them at different times, with some days being better than others. It may help to know that other caregivers have felt the same way that you do. One of the first steps to coping with feelings is to recognize that they exist and that having them is normal. Try to give yourself time to understand and work through your range of emotions.

Anger. Caregivers say that it's common to be angry with themselves, their family members, or the patient. Sometimes anger comes from feelings that are hard to show, such as fear, panic, or worry. If you can, try to avoid lashing out at others because of these emotions. Anger can be healthy if you handle it the right way. It can help motivate you to take action, find out more, or make positive changes in your life. But if these feelings persist and you remain angry at those around you, talk with a counselor or other mental health professional.

Grief. You may be mourning the loss of what you hold most dear--your loved one's health or the life you had with each other before cancer. It's important to give yourself permission to grieve these losses. It takes time to work through and accept all the changes that are occurring.

Guilt. Feeling guilty is a common reaction for caregivers. You may worry that you aren't helping enough, or that your work or distance from your loved one is getting in the way. You may even feel guilty that you are healthy. Or you may feel guilty for not acting upbeat or cheerful. But know that it's okay. You have reasons to feel upset and hiding them may keep other people from understanding your needs.

Anxiety and depression. Anxiety means you have extra worry, you can't relax, you feel tense, or you have panic attacks. Many people worry about how to pay bills, how things will affect the family, and of course, how their loved one is coping. Depression is a persistent sadness that lasts more than two weeks. If any of these symptoms start affecting your ability to function normally, talk with your health care provider. Don't think that you need to tough it out without any help. It's likely that your symptoms can be eased during this hard time.

"There is a helplessness that you feel. There are times when you don't know how to help. You can't take away the pain. You can't take away the frustration. All you can do is be there, and it's a very helpless feeling." - Cecile

Loneliness. You can feel alone in your role as a caregiver, even if you have lots of people around you. You may feel that no one understands what you're going through. You may feel lonely because you have less time to see people and do things that you used to. Whatever your situation, you aren't alone. Other caregivers share your feelings. See "Connect with Your Loved One ⁵" for ways to connect with others.

Other Ways to Cope

Let go of mistakes. You can't be perfect. No one is. The best we can do is to learn from our mistakes and move on. Continue to do the best you can. And try not to expect too much from yourself.

Cry or express your feelings. You don't have to be upbeat all the time or pretend to be cheerful. Give yourself time to cope with all the changes you are going through. It's okay to cry and show that you are sad or upset.

Put your energy into the things that matter to you. Focus on the things you feel are worth your time and energy. Let the other things go for now. For example, don't fold the clothes when you're tired. Go ahead and take time to rest.

Understand anger. Your loved one may get angry with you. It's very common for people to direct their feelings at those who are closest. Try not to take it personally. Sometimes patients don't realize the effect their anger has on others. So it may help to share your feelings with them when they are calm. Try to remember that the anger isn't really about you.

Forgive yourself. This is one of the most important things you can do. Chances are that you are doing what you can at this moment. Each new moment and day gives you a new chance to try again.

Thinking About Your Strengths and Limits

"Growing up, we were taught two rules. One is, 'Don't sweat the small stuff.' And second, 'Everything is small stuff.' And you have to decide what's important to you. Focus on what you can do, not what you can't." - Anne

One way that caregivers cope is to focus their energy on things they can control. This can mean:

• Helping schedule doctor visits
• Helping with day-to-day needs such as meals
• Taking on your loved one's tasks
• Learning more about cancer and treatment options
• Doing whatever else you can do

Many caregivers say that, looking back, they took on too much themselves. Or they wish they had asked for help with tasks sooner. Take an honest look at what you can and can't do. What things are you good at or need to do yourself? What tasks can you give to or share with others? Be willing to let go of things that aren't essential for you to do.

Setting Your Priorities

Make a list of your weekly tasks and activities. Figure out how much time you spend on each one and how important it is. Scratch things off your to-do list if they aren't important. That will give you more time for the things you really want and need to do. This may mean disappointing someone else. But you need to take care of what's important to you, regardless of what others may think. Most people will understand if you tell them what is going on.

Why Getting Help Is Important

"You have to learn that if people offer, let them do something. Ask for what you need to have done, because they don't know. You have to be willing to let go of your pride and let them help you." - Chevonne

Accepting help from other people isn't always easy. When tough things happen, many people tend to pull away. They think, "We can handle this on our own." But things can get harder as the patient goes through treatment. You may need to change your schedule and take on new tasks. Many caregivers have said, "There's just too much on my plate."

Remember that getting help for yourself can also help your loved one because:

• You may stay healthier.
• Your loved one may feel less guilty about all the things that you're doing.
• Some of your helpers may offer time and skills that you don't have.

How Can Others Help You?

Would you find it helpful if someone made dinner for you or ran some of your errands? If so, you may benefit from having people help with tasks you don't have time to do. Your support system could include only one person or many people. And their support could take many forms.

People want to help, but many don't know what you need or how to offer it. It's okay for you to take the first step. Ask for what you need and for those things that would be most helpful to you. For example, you may want someone to:

• Help with household chores, including cooking, cleaning, shopping, yard work, and childcare or eldercare.
• Talk with you and listen to your feelings.
• Drive your loved one to appointments.
• Pick up a child from school or activities.
• Look up information that you need.
• Be the contact person and help keep others updated on your loved one's situation.

Who Can Help?

Think about people who can help you with tasks. Think of all the people and groups you know, including family, friends, neighbors, and coworkers. Members of your faith community, civic groups, and associations may also be able to help.

Finding Respite Help

Respite (RES-pit) helpers spend time with your loved one. They can be paid or volunteer their time. Many caregivers say they wish they had gotten respite help sooner. It can leave you free to rest, see friends, run errands, or do whatever you'd like to do. Respite caregivers can also help with physical demands, such as lifting the patient into a bed or a chair. If this service appeals to you, you may want to:

• Talk with your loved one about having someone come into your home to help out from time to time.
• Get referrals from friends, health care professionals, or your local agency on aging.
• Ask respite helpers what types of tasks they do.

You can get respite help from family, friends, neighbors, coworkers, members of your religious or faith community, government agencies, or nonprofit groups. Whatever you do, remember that it isn't a failure on your part as a caregiver if you need some help and time to yourself.

Be Prepared for Some People to Say No

"We've gotten lots of support, and some of it comes from people we expected it from. But a lot has come from those we don't know very well. And others we do know well have stayed away. You just never know with people." - Jessie

Some people may not be able to help. This may hurt your feelings or make you angry. It's especially hard coming from the people that you expected help from. You might wonder why someone wouldn't help you. There are a lot of reasons. Some common ones are:

• Some people may have their own problems to cope with, or a lack of time.
• Some people are afraid of cancer or may have already had a bad experience with cancer. They don't want to get involved and feel pain all over again.
• Some people believe it's best to keep a distance when people are struggling.
• Some people may not realize how hard things are for you. Or they may not understand that you need help unless you ask for it directly.
• Some people feel awkward because they don't know how to show they care.

If people choose not to help, you may want to explain your needs to them and be direct about what you are asking. Or you can just let it go. But if the relationship is important, you may want to tell the person how you feel. This can help prevent resentment or stress from building up. These feelings could hurt your relationship in the long run.

Make Time for Yourself

You may feel that your needs aren't important right now. Or maybe by the time you've taken care of everything else, there's no time left for yourself. Or you may feel guilty that you can enjoy things that your loved one can't right now.

Most caregivers say they have those same feelings. But caring for your own needs, hopes, and desires is important to give you the strength to carry on. (See the Caregiver's Bill of Rights ⁶.)

Taking time to recharge your mind, body, and spirit can help you be a better caregiver. You may want to think about:

• Finding nice things you can do for yourself--even just a few minutes can help
• Cutting back on different kinds of "for you" activities, rather than cutting them out
• Finding things others can do or arrange for you, such as appointments or errands
• Looking for new ways to connect with friends
• Finding larger chunks of "off-duty" time

Myths About Taking Care of Yourself*

* The Hospice of the Florida Suncoast. "Caring for Yourself While Caring for Others: Removing the Barriers to Self-Care" (available at www.thehospice.org/rmvbarriers.htm). Adapted with permission.

Ways to Nurture Yourself*

Take Stock of Your Own Feelings

"I just need some quiet time. If my husband's taking a nap, I will read a book or sit on the porch because sometimes it's so intense. We have days where we go from chemo to radiation, and it can be very tiring." - Adele

Giving yourself an outlet for your own thoughts and feelings is important. Think about what would help lift your spirits. Would talking with others help ease your load? Or would you rather have quiet time by yourself? Maybe you need both, depending on what's going on in your life. It's helpful for you and others to know what you need.

Find Comfort

Your mind needs a break from the demands of caregiving. Think about what gives you comfort or helps you relax. Caregivers say that even a few minutes a day without interruptions helps them to cope and focus.

Take 15-30 minutes each day to do something for yourself, no matter how small it is. (See Small Things I Can Do for Me".) For example, caregivers often find that they feel less tired and stressed after light exercise. Try to make time for taking a walk, going for a run, or doing gentle stretches.

You may find that it's hard to relax even when you have time for it. Some caregivers find it helpful to do exercises designed to help you relax, such as stretching or yoga. Other relaxing activities include taking deep breaths or just sitting still.

Small Things I Can Do for Me

Each day, take some time to do something for yourself, no matter how small it is. This might include: Napping Exercising or yoga Keeping up with a hobby Taking a drive Seeing a movie Working in the yard Going shopping Catching up on phone calls, letters or e-mail You may find that it's hard to relax even when you have time for it. Some caregivers find it helpful to do exercises such as deep breathing or meditating.

Join a Support Group

"What I need at least once or twice a week is to talk to one person or a group of people that are in the same shoes as I am." - Vince

Support groups can meet in person, by phone, or over the Internet. They may help you gain new insights into what is happening, get ideas about how to cope, and help you know that you're not alone. In a support group, people may talk about their feelings, trade advice, and try to help others who are dealing with the same kinds of issues. Some people like to go and just listen. And others prefer not to join support groups at all. Some people aren't comfortable with this kind of sharing.

If you can't find a group in your area, try a support group on the Internet. Some caregivers say Web sites with support groups have helped them a lot.

Talk to a Counselor

You may be feeling overwhelmed and feel like talking to someone outside your inner circle of support. Some caregivers find it helpful to talk to a counselor, psychologist or other mental health professional. Others also find it helpful to turn to a leader in their faith or spiritual community. All may be able to help you talk about things that you don't feel you can talk about with your loved one or others around you. You also might find ways of expressing your feelings and learn ways of coping that you hadn't thought of before.

Connect with Your Loved One

Cancer may bring you and your loved one together more than ever before. Often people become closer as they face challenges together. If you can, take time to share special moments with one another. Try to gain strength from all you are going through together, and what you have dealt with so far. This may help you move toward the future with a positive outlook and feelings of hope.

Connect with Others

"It's okay for a neighbor to ask how I'm doing when they want the answer to be, 'I'm fine.' But when I'm really not fine, all I need is to talk to someone who can understand, or just hear me out. You don't have to have an answer, just listen to me." - Kathy

Studies show that connecting with people is very important to most caregivers. It's especially helpful when you feel overwhelmed or want to say things that you can't say to your loved one. Try to find someone you can really open up to about your feelings or fears. You may find it helpful to talk with someone outside the situation. So many caregivers have an informal network of people to contact, either by phone or in person. And if you're concerned about a caregiving issue, you may want to talk with your loved one's health care team. Knowledge often helps reduce fears.

Look for the Positive

It can be hard finding positive moments when you're busy caregiving. It can be also hard to adjust to your role as a caregiver. Caregivers say that looking for the good things in life helps them feel better. Once a day, think about something that you found rewarding about caregiving, such as gratitude you've received, or extra support from a health care provider. You might also take a moment to feel good about anything else from the day that is positive--a nice sunset, a hug, or something funny that you heard or read.

Let Yourself Laugh

It's okay to laugh, even when your loved one is in treatment. In fact, it's healthy. Laughter releases tension and makes you feel better. You can read humor columns, watch comedy shows, or talk with upbeat friends. Or just remember funny things that have happened to you in the past. Keeping your sense of humor in trying times is a good coping skill.

Write in a Journal

It can be a tricky balance between thinking too much about your loved one's cancer and not thinking enough about it. But research shows that writing or journaling can help relieve negative thoughts and feelings. And it may actually help improve your own health. You can write about any topic. You might write about your most stressful experiences. Or you may want to express your deepest thoughts and feelings. You can also write about things that make you feel good, such as a stress-free day or a kind coworker.

Be Thankful

You may feel thankful that you can be there for your loved one. You may be glad for a chance to do something positive and give to another person in a way you never knew you could. Some caregivers feel that they've been given the chance to build or strengthen a relationship. This doesn't mean that caregiving is easy or stress-free. But finding meaning in caregiving can make it easier to manage.

If you can, try to keep doing some of your regular activities. Studies show that not doing those activities increases the stress you feel. Keep it simple and stick with things you do well. If you have to, change the time of day or the length of time you normally do things.

Learn More About Cancer

Sometimes understanding your loved one's medical situation can make you feel more confident and in control. For example, you may want to know more about his stage of cancer. It may help you to know what to expect during treatment and what will need to be done. (See the Resources section ⁷.)

Caring for Your Body

"When I get home from class, my mom and I take turns running while one of us stays with my dad. My run is my time for me, and the only way I can keep it together." - Meredith

You may find yourself so busy and concerned about your loved one that you don't pay attention to your own physical health. But it's very important that you take care of your health, too. Taking care of yourself will give you strength to help others.

New stresses and daily demands often add to any health problems caregivers already have. And if you are sick or injured, it's even more important that you take care of yourself, too. Here are some changes caregivers often have:

• Fatigue (feeling tired)
• Weaker immune system (poor ability to fight off illness)
• Sleep problems
• Slower healing of wounds
• Higher blood pressure
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Headaches
• Anxiety, depression, or other mood changes

Finding Meaning During Cancer

Many caregivers find that cancer causes them to look at life in new ways. They may reflect on spirituality, the purpose of life, and what they value most. It is common to view the cancer experience both negatively and positively at the same time. You and your loved one may be struggling to understand why cancer has entered your lives. You may wonder why you have to endure such a trial in your life.

The way cancer affects one's faith or religion is different for everyone. Some turn away from their religion, while others turn toward it. It is common to question one's faith after cancer. But for others, seeking answers and searching for personal meaning helps them cope.

Many caregivers have found that their faith, religion, or sense of spirituality is a source of strength as they face life during cancer treatment. Many say that through their faith, they have been able to find meaning in their lives and make sense of the cancer experience. Faith or religion can also be a way for caregivers and their loved ones to connect to others in their community. These may be people who share similar experiences or outlooks, or who can provide support. Studies have also shown that for some, religion can be an important part of both coping with and recovering from cancer.

Here are ways you may find comfort and meaning through your faith or religion:

• Reading materials that are uplifting and can help you connect to a higher power
• Praying or meditating to help you feel less fearful or anxious
• Talking about your concerns or fears with a leader of your faith community
• Going to religious or spiritual gatherings to meet new people
• Talking to others at your place of worship who have had similar experiences
• Finding resources at a place of worship for people dealing with chronic illnesses like cancer

Taking Care of Yourself

These ideas for taking care of yourself may sound easy. But they are a challenge for most caregivers. You'll need to pay attention to how you're feeling, in both body and mind. Even though you may be putting someone else's needs first, it's important to:

• Keep up with your own checkups, screenings, and other medical needs.
• Try to remember to take your medicines as prescribed. Ask your doctor to give you extra refills to save trips. Find out if your grocery store or pharmacy delivers.
• Try to eat healthy meals. Eating well will help you keep up your strength. If your loved one is in the hospital or has long doctor's appointments, bring easy-to-prepare food from home. For example, sandwiches, salads, or packaged foods and canned meats fit easily into a lunch container.
• Get enough rest. Listening to soft music or doing breathing exercises may help you fall asleep. Short naps can energize you if you aren't getting enough sleep. Be sure to talk with your doctor if lack of sleep becomes an ongoing problem.
• Exercise. Walking, swimming, running, or bike riding are only a few ways to get your body moving. Any kind of exercise (including working in the garden, cleaning, mowing, or going up stairs) can help you keep your body healthy. Finding at least 15-30 minutes a day to exercise may make you feel better and help manage your stress.
• Make time for yourself to relax. You may choose to stretch, read, watch television, or talk on the phone. Whatever helps you unwind, you should take the time to do it. It's important to tend to your own needs and reduce your own stress levels.

You will be asked to do many things during your loved one's treatment. One of your main roles may be to help your loved one work with the health care team. You may be asked to go to doctor visits, among other things. A few tips are listed below.

Helping to Get Ready for Visits to the Doctor

• Keep a file or notebook of the patient's medical information. Include the dates of procedures and tests. Bring this file to doctor visits.
• Keep a list of names and doses of medicines and how often they are taken. Bring this list with you.
• Use only trusted sources if you do research for your loved one, such as government and national organizations.
• Make a list of questions and concerns. List the most important questions first.
• Call ahead of time to make sure of the following:
  • The doctor has copies of all needed test results, records, and other paperwork.
  • You have directions, transportation, and if needed, hotel information.
• If you and the patient have a lot to talk about with the doctor, ask whether:
  • You can have a longer appointment (check on fees for this).
  • You can talk to the doctor by phone if there are further questions. Or perhaps others on staff can help you. For example, a nurse may be able to answer many of your questions.
• Talk with your loved one before the visit to help prepare yourselves for the possibility that the information given could be different than what you both expect.

Talking with the Doctor

If your loved one takes you with him to talk with the doctor, here are some tips:

• If you don't like how a question was answered, tell the doctor that you need her to explain more to help you understand.
• Talk with the doctor about any medical advice you find. Some advice may be false or misleading, or may conflict with what the doctor has told your loved one.
• If a concern is not being addressed, ask the question in a different way. This may help the doctor understand your concern better.
• Take notes or ask if you can tape-record the visit.
• Know that your loved one has the right to change doctors if he feels his needs aren't being addressed.

Asking About Pain

Although different side effects happen with cancer treatment, many caregivers say the one thing they hesitate to ask about is pain. Yet, people who have their pain managed are able to focus on healing and on enjoying life. If someone is preoccupied by pain, you may notice personality changes. These might include being distant, not being able to sleep, or not being able to focus on daily activities.

The medical team should ask regularly about pain levels, but it's up to you and your loved one to be open about any pain. The patient does not have to be in pain or discomfort. Some people assume that there will always be severe pain with cancer treatment. This is not true. Pain can be managed throughout your loved one's treatment. The key is to talk regularly with the health care team about pain and other symptoms.

Sometimes people with cancer don't want to talk to their health care team about their pain. They worry that others will think that they are complaining or that pain means the cancer is getting worse. Or they think that pain is just something they have to accept. Sometimes people get used to the pain and forget what it's like to live without it.

This is when it is important for you to encourage your loved one to speak up. Or you can speak up on his behalf. Be honest with the doctor about pain and how it is affecting the daily routine. You and your loved one may need to have talks at different times to continue to feel comfortable about the pain medicines given. These drugs can also be adjusted or changed if they aren't working or are having unpleasant side effects.

Don't be afraid to ask for stronger pain relievers or larger doses if your loved one needs them. Addiction is rarely an issue in people with cancer. Instead, drugs help patients stay as comfortable as possible.

Should We Get a Second Opinion?

Some people worry that doctors will be offended if they ask for a second opinion. Usually the opposite is true. Most doctors welcome a second opinion. And many health insurance companies will pay for them.

If your loved one gets a second opinion, the doctor may agree with the first doctor's treatment plan. Or the second doctor may suggest another approach. Either way, your loved one has more information and perhaps a greater sense of control. You both can feel more confident about the decisions you make, knowing that you've looked at your options.

Helping Children and Teens Cope

"This is the only childhood they will ever have, a crucial time of development. Choose to see your illness not as an obstacle but as a powerful platform from which your messages are amplified, helping your children understand and believe you and feel your love in a powerful way....When the facts are couched in love and hopefulness, you can guide your children toward a life-enhancing perception of reality."

- Wendy Harpham, MD*

Children as young as 18 months begin to understand the world around them. It's important to be honest with them and explain that your loved one has cancer. Experts say that telling children the truth about cancer is better than letting them imagine the worst.

Your own daily stresses and fears can affect how you act with your kids. You may be torn between wanting to give time to your kids, and knowing your loved one with cancer also needs your time. That's why it's good to let children know how you are feeling, as well as to find out how they are feeling. And never assume you know what your children are thinking. You don't know how they will react to information, either.

* Harpham, W. 1997. When A Parent Has Cancer: A Guide to Caring For Your Children. New York, NY; HarperCollins Publishers Inc., pp. 3, 8. Adapted with permission.

This section provides ideas for helping children cope.

Start Giving Information

For some families, talking about serious issues is very hard. But as hard as it may be, not talking about them can be worse. Here are some things you might want to say to children of any age about your loved one's cancer:

About Cancer

• "Nothing you did, thought, or said caused the cancer."
• "You are not responsible for making her well. But there are ways you can help her feel better while the doctors try to make her improve."
• "You can't catch cancer from another person."
• "Just because someone has cancer doesn't mean other people in the family will get it - even later. And that includes you."

About Dealing with Cancer

• "It is okay to be upset, angry, scared, or sad about all this. You may feel all kinds of feelings. You'll probably feel happy sometimes, too. It's fine to feel all these things."
• "No matter what happens, you will always be taken care of."
• "People may act differently around you because they're worried about you or worried about all of us."

Be Open to All Forms of Communication

Talking about the impact of cancer may be hard for very young children. You might try asking them to draw a picture of the person with cancer. Or have them play dolls, with one doll being the patient. Other forms of art can help older children express themselves.

Keep in mind that young children may ask the same question over and over. This is normal, and you should calmly answer the question each time. Teens may ask difficult questions or questions for which you don't have answers. Be honest with them. Remember that thinking through these issues is part of your children's process of growing up.

Talking About Death*

Be prepared for questions and concerns about death from your children. They may worry, even if your loved one's prognosis is good.

• Teach them that cancer is an illness. If your loved one's prognosis is good, let them know that the type of cancer he or she has is one the doctors feel they can treat.
• Ask them what they think about your loved one's cancer and what they worry about. Then listen patiently to their answers. Correct misinformation.
• Tell them the truth, couched in love and hopefulness. Instead of trying to convince them of a good outcome that you can't guarantee, reassure them that your loved one is getting good care, you are hoping for a recovery, and that you can live well with the uncertainty.
• Teach your children that even if the unexpected happened due to cancer or anything else, they would be taken care of and be okay. Although they would feel sad for a while and they would miss your loved one, they would also feel that love forever and learn how to be happy again.
• Remind them that your loved one is not dying now. Reassure them that you will tell them if this ever changes and dying becomes a possibility. Conclude by telling them you expect and hope your loved one to get better, and encourage them to focus on today.

Stay Involved in Activities

It can be hard to remain active in your children's lives during your loved one's treatment. But it may be more important than ever to do so. Below are some ways that other caregivers have stayed connected with their children.

Understand Your Children's Actions and Feelings

Children react to a loved one's cancer in many different ways. They may:

• Be confused, scared, angry, lonely, or overwhelmed
• Be scared or unsure how to act when they see the treatment's effects on your loved one
• Act clingy or miss the attention they used to get
• Feel responsible or guilty
• Get angry if they're asked to do more chores around the house
• Get into trouble at school or neglect their homework
• Have trouble eating, sleeping, keeping up with schoolwork, or relating to friends
• Be angry that someone else is taking care of them now

These behaviors are normal. Still, your child may need extra support to deal with their troubles. (See the tips on the next page.)

Understanding Teens' Feelings

With teens, problems may be less obvious or more complicated than with younger children. Here are some things to keep in mind:

• Teens are supposed to be moving toward independence from their families. This is natural for them. Cancer makes this harder to do, leading some teens to act out or withdraw.
• Teens may give off the message, "leave me alone." But they still need and want your attention and support.
• Being a teen is always stressful. Some moods you see may have nothing to do with your loved one's illness.
• Teens want to feel normal. Make sure that they have time for regular activities.
• Keep the lines of communication open. Involve teens in decisions as much as possible. Make sure that they have someone to talk to about what is going on in their life. It may be hard for you to stay on top of your teen's activities and feelings right now. If so, ask another responsible adult to stay connected with your teen.

How Children May React, and What to Do* If your children seem confused or scared: Remind them that you love them. Set aside special time that each child can spend with you or your loved one. Try to stick to reassuring routines, such as reading bedtime stories or checking in with them after school. Be together, even if you are each doing different things in the same room. Prepare children for changes and side effects of treatment (such as hair loss, vomiting, or tiredness) so they won't be surprised. Remind your children that your loved one may seem worse for a while before he gets better. Explain that this is part of the treatment that can help make him better in the end. If your children seem lonely or miss the attention they used to get: Help your children talk about their feelings and ask you questions. Let them know you're listening and validate their feelings. Find new ways to give your children attention. You may want to leave notes where they will find them or schedule special phone conversations if you're spending a lot of time at the hospital or away from home. Think of a special treat your children might enjoy. Encourage them to talk with other kids or adults to ease their loneliness. If your children have stopped doing their regular activities: It isn't okay for your kids to respond to the changes at home by stopping normal activities or letting grades and friendships slide. Find out why your children have stopped any usual activities. They may be: Feeling tired Feeling unhappy Having trouble getting along with friends Unable to concentrate or succeed Talk about the importance of adjusting to these changes at home. Ask your children how you can help them get back to their normal routines. If your children feel guilty and think they somehow caused the cancer: State clearly, and remind them, "You did not cause the cancer. You can't cause cancer by anything you do, think, or say." Explain in simple ways how cancer develops. Read a children's book together for children of loved ones with cancer. Ask a doctor or nurse to explain the facts. If your children feel angry or resentful that their own lives are affected: (for example, having to be quiet, doing more chores, missing out on fun activities with friends) Validate their feelings. Talk with them about what is causing the anger. Even though you may know the anger comes from fear or fatigue, it's important to listen to what they say and acknowledge their feelings. Help your children understand that their anger may be a stand-in for something else. Maybe they're really angry at the cancer or at the family. Maybe they're scared or worried. Or maybe they're sad. Do your best to try not to get angry back at them. Again, the anger is probably about something else. If your children start to rebel or get into trouble: Tell your children that you understand how they feel. You know that this situation is hard. Find out if they are acting out of fear, anger, loneliness, or boredom. Whatever the feeling, remind them that it is okay to feel that way. But it is not okay to act out in this way. If necessary, ask a teacher, pediatrician, or counselor for advice and support.

Communicating with Your Partner with Cancer

"I try to give my husband time to think things through. Not to be so quick to try and fix everything." - Pauline

Some relationships get stronger during cancer treatment. Others are weakened. Nearly all caregivers and their partners feel more stress than usual as a couple. They often feel stress about:

• Knowing how to best support each other
• Dealing with new feelings that come up
• Figuring out how to communicate
• Making decisions
• Changing roles
• Juggling lots of roles (such as childcare, housekeeping, work, and caregiving)
• Changing their social life
• Changing their daily routine
• Not feeling connected sexually

People express their emotions differently. Some like to talk things out or focus on others. Others like to express emotions by doing things, such as washing the dishes or fixing things around the house. They may be more likely to focus inward. These differences can cause tension because each person may expect the other to act the way they would in their place. To reduce stress, it may help to remind yourself that everyone reacts differently.

Bringing Up Hard Topics with Your Loved One

Bringing up tough subjects is emotionally draining. You may think, for example, that your loved one needs to try a different treatment or doctor. Or she may be worrying about losing independence, being seen as weak, or about being a burden to you, but doesn't want to talk about it. Here are some tips on how to bring up hard topics:

• Practice what you'll say in advance.
• Know that your loved one may not want to hear what you have to say.
• Find a quiet time and ask if it's okay to talk.
• Be clear on what your aims are. (Let your loved one know why you are having this talk and what you hope will come from it.)
• Speak from your heart.
• Allow time for your loved one to talk. Listen and try not to interrupt.
• Don't feel the need to settle things after one talk.
• You don't have to always say, "It'll be okay."

Sometimes the best way to communicate with someone is to just listen. This is a way of showing that you are there for them. It may be one of the most valuable things you can do. And it's important to be supportive to whatever your loved one wants to say. It's her life and her cancer. People need to process their thoughts and fears in their own time and their own way. You could also ask whether she is willing to think about the issue and talk another time. Your loved one may even prefer to talk with someone else about the topic.

Some people won't start a conversation themselves, but may respond if you begin first. Here are some ways caregivers do this:

• "I know this is hard to talk about, but know that I'm ready to listen or to talk any time."
• "I feel that it would be helpful to talk about how your treatment is going so far and how we're both coping with it. Would you be willing to talk with me about that sometime this week?"

Sometimes it helps to ask other caregivers how they talk to those close to them. For example, you may want to ask:

• How do you keep another person's feelings in mind when you're coping with so many feelings of your own?
• How do you talk about tough topics and still stay supportive?

If you continue to have trouble talking about the cancer and painful issues, you could ask for help from a mental health professional. One may be able to explore issues that you didn't feel you could yourself. But if your loved one doesn't want to go with you, you can always make an appointment to go by yourself. You may pick up some ideas for how to bring up these topics, and talk about other feelings that you are coping with right now.

Ways to Improve Communication

"I've noticed that my husband tries to stay really positive with everyone else, even his parents. He'll say he's doing great. This is frustrating for me because at home, I see that he isn't doing great." - Betty

Some couples find it easier to talk about serious issues than other couples. Only you and your partner know how you feel about this. The sections below may help you think about ways to communicate that work for both of you.

Be Open About Stress

Some things that cause stress for you and your partner can't be solved right now. Sometimes talking about these things can be helpful. You may want to say up front, "I know we can't solve this today. But I'd like to just talk about how it's going and how we're feeling."

Topics to explore may include how each of you:

• Deals with change and the unknown
• Feels about being a caregiver or being cared for
• Handles changing roles in your relationship or home
• Wants to connect with one another
• Sees what issues may be straining the relationship
• Feels, or would like to feel, cared for and appreciated
• Feels thankful for the other person

Become a Team

"I feel like it's been such a blessing to be able to show my husband way beyond words how much I love him. And to see him fighting cancer because of his feelings for our children and me. It's a privilege to be so closely involved in something of such value and importance." - Rose Mary

You and your partner may need to be a team now more than ever. It may help to think things through together:

• Which decisions should you make together?
• Which decisions should each of you make alone?
• What were some other tough times that you got through together? How is this situation the same or different?
• Which family tasks could you share?
• What kinds of tasks are easier for you? Which ones are harder?
• What does each of you need?
• How can others help?

Find Ways to Say Thanks

Perhaps your partner used to do a lot to keep your family going. And now you're trying to get used to less help. It may also be hard to notice the small things your partner is doing to get through this hard time. There's just too much going on. But when you can, try to look for these things, and thank your partner for doing them. Showing a little gratitude can make both of you feel better.

Make Dates

Many couples find that it helps to plan special occasions. Some days may end up being better than others for these dates, depending on how your partner feels. So you may need to be okay with lastminute changes.

You don't have to be fancy. It's about spending time together. That can mean watching a video, going out to eat, or looking through old photos. It can be whatever you both like to do. You can also plan these dates to include other people, if you miss being around others.

Find Ways to Be Intimate

"After 42 years of marriage, there's that bond that we don't need words." - Gayle

You may find that you and your partner's sex life is different than it used to be. Many things could be affecting it:

• Your partner is tired, in pain, or uncomfortable because of the treatment.
• You're tired.
• Your relationship feels distant or strained.
• You or your partner may not be comfortable with the way your partner looks.
• You may be afraid of hurting your partner.
• Your partner's treatment might be affecting his or her interest in sex or ability to perform.

You can still have an intimate relationship in spite of these issues. Intimacy isn't just physical. It also involves feelings. Here are some ways to improve your intimate relationship:

• Talk about it. Choose a time when you and your partner can talk. Focus on just talking. Talk about how you can both renew your connection.
• Try not to judge. If your partner isn't performing, try not to read meaning into it. Let your partner talk - or not talk - about what he or she needs.
• Make space. Protect your time together. Turn off the phone and TV. If needed, find someone to take care of the kids for a few hours.
• Take it slow. Reconnect. Plan an hour or so to be together without being physical. For example, you may want to listen to music or take a walk. This time is about reconnecting.
• Try new touch. Cancer treatment or surgery can change your partner's body. Areas where touch used to feel good may now be numb or painful. Some of these changes will go away. Some will stay. For now, you can figure out together what kinds of touch feel good, such as holding, hugging, and cuddling.
• Talk to a therapist or counselor. There are many who deal with intimacy and sexuality issues with cancer patients.

Communicating with Other Family Members and Friends

Any problems your family may have had before the cancer diagnosis are likely to be more intense now. This is true whether you are caring for a young child, an adult child, a parent, or a spouse. Your caregiver role can often trigger feelings and role changes that affect your family in ways you never expected. And relatives you don't know very well or who live far away may be present more often, too, which may complicate things. Some people have said that:

• Seeing your adult child ill can trigger feelings of needing to protect or help him or her.

  "Watching my daughter go through cancer is really painful for me. I can't stand not being able to help her. But they won't let me help out. She and her husband like to handle things by themselves."

• Seeing your parent as someone who needs your help can be hard to accept.

  "My mother got cancer. Just like she nursed me back to health as a child, I wanted to do the same for her. Yet she's used to doing everything herself. She keeps saying, 'I'm still your mother.'"

  "I have my own life, with young kids to take care of, and a job. It's hard trying to figure out how to help my dad."

• Seeing an in-law or a friend's parent worry or try to help out can feel like "too much."

  "I need to run my own home. I know his mother just wants to help, but she's too much in my business right now."

Communication Troubles

Studies show that open and caring communication works best. Yet caregivers often run into: Tension from different ways of communicating Lack of sensitivity or understanding about appropriate ways to talk and share feelings People who don't know what to say, won't communicate at all, or won't be honest

"You do want to stay positive and upbeat. But at the same time, I feel like you want to share your reality with other people in your family so that they can know how to support you and how not to be shocked if things get worse." - Ken

Sometimes other close family and friends may not agree on what should be done. It's very common for families to argue over treatment options. Or they argue that some caregivers help more than others. While everyone may be trying to do what they think is best for your loved one, family members may disagree about what this means. Everyone brings their own set of beliefs and values to the table, which makes decisions hard. It is often during these times that families ask their health care team to hold a family meeting.

Talk with your loved one to see if she wants a family meeting. Ask if she would like to be involved. At the meeting, all members share as much information as they can. You can ask a social worker or counselor to be there, if needed. If you need to, you can bring a list of issues to discuss. Meetings can be used to:

• Have the health care team explain the goals for treatment.
• Let the family state their wishes for care.
• Give everyone an open forum in which to express their feelings.
• Clarify caregiving tasks.

During these meetings, family members may want to talk about how they feel. Or you may want to decide what kind of help they can offer. Each person may have certain skills to offer.

At the end of the meeting, ask the health care team to summarize and plan the next steps.

Choose the Right Time

Sometimes when one person feels like talking about important things, the other person doesn't. Try choosing a time when you and the person you want to talk to won't be doing other things. Find a quiet place, turn off the TV, and don't answer the phone.

Keep People Updated

Often, you will be the main person updating family, friends, and coworkers about how the patient is doing. Ask your loved one what he wants to share, with whom, and when. If this is a task that someone else can do, select a "point person." This person can make phone calls or send e-mail or letters to update others. It's important to let others who care know whether your loved one likes getting cards, calls, or visits.

How to Communicate When Support Is Not Helpful

"My sister-in-law came by and commented on how much television the kids were watching. She made some remark about how she knew I was stressed, but could I find something better for them to do? It's like she was trying to make me feel like a bad mother or something." - Carrie

If people offer help that you don't need or want, thank them for their concern. Let them know you'll contact them if you need anything. You can tell them that it always helps to send cards and letters. Or they can pray or send good thoughts.

Some people may offer unwanted parenting advice. This may come from feeling helpless to do anything, yet wanting to show their concern. Since they can't offer advice on medical care, it helps them to express their opinion on child care. While it may come from a good place, it may still seem judgmental to you.

It's your decision on how to deal with unwanted advice about your kids. You don't have to respond at all if you don't want to. If you think their concerns are valid, then talk to a counselor or teacher about what steps to take. Otherwise, thank them. And reassure them that you are taking the necessary steps to get your children through this tough time.

It's common to feel sad, angry, or worried that your lifestyle may change because of your loved one's cancer. You may have to make major decisions that will affect your job or your finances. Finding ways to cope with these issues can bring some peace of mind.

Facing Fertility Issues

Some people are concerned about the effects of cancer treatment on their ability to have children. If this is true for you and your loved one, talk to the doctor before starting treatment. You may want to ask about options for protecting your fertility. Or the doctor can recommend a counselor or fertility specialist. This person can discuss available options and help you and your loved one make informed choices. (For more information, call Fertile Hope at 1-888-994-HOPE, or go to www.fertilehope.org.)

Handling Money Worries

"I'm not working for the money. I'm working for the benefits. If we don't have benefits, we could lose everything." - Debbie

The financial challenges that people with cancer and their families face are very real. During an illness, you may find it hard to find the time or energy to review your options. Yet it's important to keep your family financially healthy.

For hospital bills, you or your loved one may want to talk with a hospital financial counselor. You may be able to work out a monthly payment plan or even get a reduced rate. You may also want to stay in touch with the insurance company to make sure certain treatment costs are covered.

For information about resources that are available, see the Resources section ⁷. You can also get the NCI fact sheet, " Financial Assistance for Cancer Care ⁸," at www.cancer.gov ⁹, by searching for the terms "financial assistance." Or call toll-free 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) to ask for a free copy.

Handling Work Issues

"A lot of times I come home from a week at the hospital with no sleep and have to go to work the next day." - Laurel

One of the greatest sources of strain for some caregivers is trying to balance work demands with providing care and support to a loved one. Caregiving can affect your work life in many ways, such as these:

• Having mood swings that leave coworkers confused or reluctant to work with you
• Being distracted or less productive
• Being late, or calling in sick because of the stress
• Feeling pressure from being the sole provider for your family if your spouse or partner is not able to work
• Feeling pressure to keep working, even though retirement may have been approaching

It's a good idea to learn more about your company's rules and policies related to a family member's illness. See if there are any support programs for employees. Many companies have employee assistance programs with work-life counselors for you to talk to. Some companies have eldercare policies or other employee benefit programs that can help support you. Your employer may let you use your paid sick leave to take care of your loved one. Or they may let you take leave without pay.

If your employer doesn't have any policies in place, you could try to arrange something informally. Examples include flex-time, shift-exchanging, adjusting your schedule, or telecommuting as needed.

The Family and Medical Leave Act may apply to your situation. Covered employers must give eligible employees up to 12 work weeks of unpaid leave during a 12-month period to care for an immediate family member with a serious health condition. Visit http://www.dol.gov/esa/whd/fmla/ for more information. For sources of support, see the Resources section ⁷.

Looking at Living Arrangements

Sometimes treatment raises questions about living arrangements. When making these decisions, you should ask:

• What kind of help does your loved one need and for how long?
• Could you remodel the house or move to a smaller or different one?
• Is it risky for your loved one to be home alone?

You'll also need to consider how your loved one feels. She may fear:

• Losing her independence
• Being seen as weak or a burden to you and others
• Moving to a health care or other type of assisted living facility

These are tough issues. Sometimes it's easier to consider a change in living arrangements when the advice comes from a health care professional. Social workers, doctors, nurses, home care providers, and agencies that work with older adults may be able to help.

Preparing Advance Directives

"My husband and I sat down together as he filled out his living will. We made sure we were in agreement with one another. It relieves me of a lot of guilt I could have had." - Alma

Some people prefer to let their health care team make all their cancer treatment decisions. Others want to have more input. If your loved one wants to take a more active role, urge him to complete an advance directive. Advance directives are legal papers that let your loved one decide important issues. These can include how much treatment to get and who should make decisions if he or she can't. Having an advance directive helps ensure that patients get the treatment that they want. It will also make it a lot easier for caregivers to make treatment decisions if they understand their loved one's wishes.

"If you find it in your heart to care for somebody else, you will have succeeded."

- Maya Angelou

As a caregiver, you try to strike a balance each day. You have to care for your loved one while keeping up with the demands of family and work. Your focus tends to be on the patient's needs. But it's also up to you to try to stay in tune with yourself. Remember the things you need to maintain a healthy mind, body, and spirit. And if you can, try to find a quiet time for reflection each day. Meditating, praying, or just resting may help you keep a sense of peace at this time.

Whether good or bad, life-changing situations often give people the chance to grow, learn, and appreciate what's important to them. Many people who care for someone with cancer describe the experience as a personal journey. They say it has changed them forever. This is much like the way people with cancer describe their experience. It's not necessarily a journey that they would have chosen for themselves. But they can use their skills, strength, and talents to support their loved one while finding out more about themselves along the way.

I have the right to take care of myself. This is not an act of selfishness. It will give me the ability to take better care of my loved one.

I have the right to seek help from others even though my loved one may object. I know the limits of my own endurance and strength.

I have the right to maintain parts of my own life that do not include the person I care for, just as I would if he were healthy. I know that I do everything that I reasonably can do for this person. I have the right to do some things just for myself.

I have the right to get angry, be depressed, and express difficult feelings once in a while.

I have the right to reject any attempt by my loved one to make me do things out of guilt or anger. (It doesn't matter if she knows that she is doing it or not.)

I have the right to get consideration, affection, forgiveness, and acceptance for what I do for my loved one, as I offer these in return.

I have the right to take pride in what I'm doing. And I have the right to applaud the courage it has taken to meet the needs of my loved one.

I have the right to protect my individuality. I also have the right to a life that will sustain me in times when my loved one no longer needs my full-time help.

(Author Unknown)

Federal Agencies

National Cancer Institute
Provides current information on cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, genetics, and supportive care. Lists clinical trials and specific cancer topics in NCI's Physician Data Query (PDQ®) database.

Cancer Information Service
Answers questions about cancer, clinical trials, and cancer-related services and helps users find information on the NCI Web site. Provides NCI printed materials.

Administration on Aging
Provides information, assistance, individual counseling, organization of support groups, caregiver training, respite care, and supplemental services.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Provides information for consumers about patient rights, prescription drugs, and health insurance issues, including Medicare and Medicaid.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Provides fact sheets about job discrimination, protections under the Americans With Disabilities Act, and employer responsibilities. Coordinates investigations of employment discrimination.

National Association of Area Agencies on Aging
Eldercare Locator
The Eldercare Locator is a nationwide directory assistance service designed to help older persons and caregivers find local resources for support. Areas of support include transportation, meals, home care, housing alternatives, legal issues, and social activities.

U.S. Department of Labor
Office of Disability Employment Policy
Provides fact sheets on a variety of disability issues, including discrimination, workplace accommodation, and legal rights.

Private Organizations

Aging With Dignity
Provides information and materials regarding advance directives. You can order the document Five Wishes, which states your end of life decisions for your health care team, and friends and family members.

American Cancer Society
National Cancer Information Center
Provides a variety of cancer information and support to patients, families, and caregivers. Also supports research, community education, and advocacy and public policy issues.

CancerCare
Offers free support, information, financial assistance, and practical help to people with cancer and their loved ones.

Cancer Hope Network
Cancer Hope Network matches patients and families with trained volunteers who have recovered from a similar cancer experience.

Family Caregiver Alliance
Family Caregiver Alliance addresses the needs of families and friends who provide long-term care at home.

Fertile Hope
Fertile Hope provides reproductive information, support, and hope to cancer patients who are at risk for treatment-related infertility.

Gilda's Club, Inc.
Gilda's Club provides social and emotional support for cancer patients and their families and friends.

Lance Armstrong Foundation
The Lance Armstrong Foundation seeks to inspire and empower people living with, through, and beyond cancer to live strong. It provides education, advocacy, public health and research programs.

NeedyMeds
The NeedyMeds Web site lists medicine assistance programs available from drug companies.

National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship
Provides information on cancer support, employment, financial and legal issues, advocacy, and related issues.

National Family Caregivers Association (NFCA)
NFCA provides information, education, support, public awareness, and advocacy for caregivers.

Patient Advocate Foundation
Offers education, legal counseling, and referrals concerning managed care, insurance, financial issues, job discrimination, and debt crisis matters.

The Well Spouse Foundation
The foundation provides support to wives, husbands, and partners of chronically ill and/or disabled persons.

The Wellness Community
Provides free psychological and emotional support to cancer patients and their families.

The following free booklets may be helpful if your loved one is receiving cancer treatment:

• Chemotherapy and You: A Guide to Self-Help During Cancer Treatments ¹⁰
• Coping with Advanced Cancer ¹¹
• Eating Hints for Cancer Patients ¹²
• If You Have Cancer: What You Should Know About Clinical Trials ¹³
• Pain Control: A Guide for People With Cancer and Their Families ¹⁴
• Radiation Therapy and You: A Guide to Self-Help During Cancer Treatments ¹⁵
• Taking Time: Support for People With Cancer ¹⁶
• Thinking About Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A Guide for People With Cancer ¹⁷
• When Cancer Returns ¹⁸

These booklets are available from the National Cancer Institute (NCI.) To learn more about the specific type of cancer you have or to request any of these booklets, visit NCI's Web site (www.cancer.gov). You can also call NCI's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) to speak with an information specialist.