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Yellow Fever
1997 Case Definition
The 1997 case definition appearing on this page was previously published in the 1990 MMWR Recommendations
and Reports titled Case Definitions for Public Health Surveillance [MMWR 1990;39(RR13)]
(available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00025629.htm).
Thus, the 1990 and 1997 versions of the case definition are identical.
Clinical description
A mosquito-borne viral illness characterized by
acute onset and constitutional symptoms followed by a brief remission
and a recurrence of fever, hepatitis, albuminuria, and symptoms
and, in some instances, renal failure, shock, and generalized
hemorrhages
Laboratory criteria for diagnosis
- Fourfold or greater rise in yellow fever antibody
titer in a patient who has no history of recent yellow fever
vaccination and cross-reactions to other flaviviruses have
been excluded or
- Demonstration of yellow fever virus, antigen,
or genome in tissue, blood, or other body fluid
Case classification
Probable: a clinically
compatible case with supportive serology (stable elevated antibody
titer to yellow fever virus [e.g., greater than or equal to 32
by complement fixation, greater than or equal to 256 by immunofluorescence
assay, greater than or equal to 320 by hemagglutination inhibition,
greater than or equal to 160 by neutralization, or a positive
serologic result by immunoglobulin M-capture enzyme immunoassay].
Cross-reactive serologic reactions to other flaviviruses must
be excluded, and the patient must not have a history of yellow
fever vaccination.)
Confirmed: a clinically compatible case
that is laboratory confirmed
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