Manufacturers may conduct a number of energy management activities to improve the efficiency of energy use. In the chemical industry, the top four reported activities in 1998 included energy audits, electricity load controls, equipment or facilities modification to improve direct machine drive, and purchase of electricity under special electricity rate schedules (e.g., interruptible or time-of-use rates). Combined activities to increase efficiency in facilities HVAC and lighting were conducted by 30% of the population. Overall, about 49% of the chemical population reported engaging in at least one energy-management activity. [MECS 1998]

Source: MECS 1998

-- Estimation does not apply