Technical Abstract: Carbon is an essential component of life, and, in its organic form, plays a pivotal role in the soil¿s fertility, productivity, and water retention. It is an integral part of the atmospheric-terrestrial carbon exchange cycle mediated via photosynthesis; furthermore, it emerged recently as a new trading commodity, i.e., ¿carbon credits¿. When carefully manipulated, carbon sequestration by the soil could balance and mitigate anthropogenic CO2 emissions into the atmosphere that are believed to contribute to global warming. The pressing need for assessing the soil¿s carbon stocks on local-, regional-, and global-scales, now in the forefront of many researches, is considerably hindered by the problems besetting dry-combustion chemical analyses, even with state-of-the-art procedures. To overcome these issues, we present here a new method based on gamma-ray spectroscopy induced by inelastic neutron scattering (INS). The INS method is in situ, non-destructive, multi-elemental one that can be used in stationary- or continuous-scanning-modes of operation. The results from data acquired from an interrogated soil mass of few hundreds of kilograms to an approximate depth of 30 cm are reported immediately. Our initial experiments have demonstrated well the feasibility of our proposed approach; we obtained a linear response with carbon concentration, and a detection limit between 0.5% to 1% carbon by weight.