Projects

Genomic and Functional Analysis of the Mucosal Immune Response and Its Role in Protection Against Respiratory Pathogens in Poultry Appropriated (D)   Accession Number: 411029

Application of Biological and Molecular Techniques to the Diagnosis and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Emerging Poultry Pathogens Appropriated (D)   Accession Number: 411346

Biological Characterization of Low Pathogenic H7 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses and the Effects of Ai Virus Infection on Gene Expression Specific Cooperative Agreement (S)   Accession Number: 411311

Publications

An evaluation of poultry avian influenza diagnostic methods with domestic duck specimens - (Peer Reviewed Journal) - (06-Feb-09)

Analysis of H7 avian influenza viruses by antigenic cartography and correlation to protection by vaccination - (Abstract) - (23-Dec-08)

The ecology of avian influenza virus in wild birds: What does this mean for poultry - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Spackman, E. 2009. The ecology of avian influenza virus in wild birds: What does this mean for poultry? Poultry Science. 88:847-850.

Influenza A virus infections in Asian landbirds - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Peterson, A.T., Bush, S.E., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2008. Influenza A virus infections in landbirds, People's Republic of China. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14(10):1644-1646.

Identification of Viruses Present in Tissues Collected from Chickens with Hypoglycemia-Spiking Mortality Syndrome (H-SMS). - (Abstract)

Davis, J., Spackman, E., Kulkarni, A., Briese, T. 2008. Identification of viruses present in tissues collected from chickens with hypoglycemia-spiking mortality syndrome (H-SMS) [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting, July 19-23, 2008, New Orleans, Louisiana. 2008 CDROM.

Influenza A rare in spring shorebirds, Alaska - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Winker, K., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2008. Influenza A rare in spring shorebirds, Alaska. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14(8):1314-1316.

Domestic pigs have low susceptibility to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lipatov, A.S., Kwon, Y., Sarmento, L., Lager, K.M., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2008. Domestic pigs have low susceptibility to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Public Library of Science for Pathogens [serial online]. 4(7):e1000102. Available: http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1000102.

Analytical validation of a real-time RT-PCR test for Pan-American lineage H7 subtype avian influenza viruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Ip, H.S., Suarez, D.L., Slemons, R., Stallknecht, D. 2008. Analytical validation of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for Pan-American lineage H7 subtype avian influenza viruses. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 20:612-616.

Evaluation of an updated real-time RT-PCR test for the identification of the H7 subtype - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2008. Evaluation of an updated real-time RT-PCR test for the identification of the H7 subtype [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting, July 19-23, 2008, New Orleans, Louisiana. 2008 CDROM.

Turkey origin reovirus-induced immune dysfunction in specific-pathogen free and commercial turkey poults - (Peer Reviewed Journal) - (22-Feb-08)

Isolation and molecular characterization of avian rotaviruses originally detected in enteric samples collected from commercial turkey flocks. - (Abstract) - (20-Feb-08)

Do crocodilians get the flu?: Looking for influenza A in captive crocodilians - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Davis, L.M., Spackman, E. 2008. Do crocodilians get the flu? Looking for influenza A in captive crocodilians. Journal of Experimental Zoology. 309A:1-10.

Isolation of avian rotaviruses from a normal turkey flock and from a flock with signs of enteric disease - (Abstract) - (05-Feb-08)

Detection, isolation and characterization of turkey-origin rotaviruses present in commercial flocks in the United States - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Day, J. M., Spackman, E., Pantin-Jackwood, M. J., Zsak, L. 2008. Detection, isolation and characterization of turkey-origin rotaviruses present in commercial flocks in the United States. In: Proceedings of the 57th Western Poultry Disease Conference, April 9-12, 2008, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. p. 91-92.

Enteric viruses detected by molecular methods in commercial chicken and turkey flocks in the United States between 2005 and 2006 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Day, J.M., Jackwood, M.W. 2008. Enteric viruses detected by molecular methods in commercial chicken and turkey flocks in the United States between 2005 and 2006. Avian Diseases. 52:235-244.

Pathogenesis of type 2 turkey astrovirus with variant capsid genes in two-day-old poults - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2008. Pathogenesis of type 2 turkey astrovirus with variant capsid genes in two-day-old poults. Avian Pathology. 37:193-201.

Assessment of reduced vaccine dose on efficacy of an inactivated avian influenza vaccine against an H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Goetz, S., Spackman, E., Hayhow, C., Swayne, D.E. 2008. Assessment of reduced vaccine dose on efficacy of an inactivated avian influenza vaccine against an H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 17:145-150.

Detection, isolation and characterization of turkey-origin rotaviruses present in commercial flocks in the United States - (Abstract) - (03-Dec-07)

A combination in-ovo vaccine for avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Steel, J., Burmakina, V., Thomas, C., Spackman, E., Garcia-Sastre, A., Swayne, D.E., Palese, P. 2008. A combination in-ovo vaccine for avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus. Vaccine. 26:522-531.

Research update on exotic and emerging poultry diseases - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Suarez, D.L., Zsak, L., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., King, D.J., Afonso, C.L., Day, J.M., Spatz, S.J., Yu, Q., Swayne, D.E. 2007. Research update on exotic and emerging poultry diseases. In: Proceedings of the 111th Annual Meeting of the U. S. Animal Health Association, Reno, Nevada, October 22-23, 2007. p. 702-707. Available: http://www.usaha.org/meetings/2007/2007_USAHA_Proceedings.pdf.

Detection of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in meat and tracheal samples from experimentally infected chickens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Das, A., Spackman, E., Thomas, C., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2008. Detection of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in meat and tracheal samples from experimentally infected chickens. Avian Diseases. 52:40-48.

Further improvement and validation of MagMAX-96 AI/ND viral RNA isolation for efficient removal of RT-PCR inhibitors from cloacal swabs and tissues for rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus by RT reverse transcription PCR - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Das, A., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2007. Further improvement and validation of MagMAX-96 AI/ND viral RNA isolation for efficient removal of RT-PCR inhibitors from cloacal swabs and tissues for rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus by RT reverse transcription PCR. In: Proceedings of the 50th American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians Conference, October 18-24, 2007, Reno, Nevada, p.32.

Characterization of low pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza viruses from North America - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Senne, D.A., Pedersen, J.C., Killian, M.L., Pasick, J., Handel, K., Pillai, S.P., Lee, C., Stallknecht, D., Slemons, R., Ip, H.S., Deliberto, T. 2007. Characterization of low- pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza viruses from North America. Journal of Virology. 81(21):11612-11619.

Avian influenza diagnostics and surveillance methods - (Book/Chapter)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Senne, D. 2008. Avian influenza diagnostics and surveillance methods. In: Swayne, D.E., editor. Avian Influenza Virus. Ames, IA: Blackwell. p. 299-308.

Studies on H5N1 avian influenza virus gene reassortants in vivo - (Abstract)

Wasilenko, J.L., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Lee, C., Kapczynski, D.R., Sarmento, L., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2007. Studies on H5N1 avian influenza virus gene reassortants in vivo. In: Proceedings of the 4th Orthomyxoviruses Research Conference, September 21-24, 2007, MBL, Woods Hole, MA. p.73.

A brief introduction to avian influenza virus - (Book/Chapter)

Spackman, E. 2008. A brief introduction to avian influenza virus. In: Spackman, E., editor. Avian Influenza Virus Methods. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. p. 1-6.

Real time RT-PCR for the H5 HA subtype - (Book/Chapter)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2008. Detection and identification of the H5 hemagglutinin subtype by real-time RT-PCR. In: Spackman, E., editor. Avian Influenza Virus Methods. Totowa, NJ: Humana press. p. 27-34.

Avian influenza virus RNA extraction from tissue and swab material - (Book/Chapter)

Spackman, E. 2008. Avian influenza virus RNA extraction from tissue and swab material. In: Spackman, E., editor. Avian Influenza Virus Methods. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. p. 13-18.

Type-A influenza virus detection and quantitation by real-time RT-PCR - (Book/Chapter)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2008. Type-A influenza virus detection and quantitation by real-time RT-PCR. In: Spackman, E., editor. Avian Influenza Virus Methods. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. p. 19-26.

Pathogenesis of H5N1 avian influenza virus reassortants in chickens - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Pantin-Jackwood, M., Lee, C-W, Kapczynski, D.R., Sarmento, S., Wasilenko, J.L., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2008. Pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza virus reassortants in chickens. In proceedings of Options for the Control of Influenza VI, June 17-23, 2007. Toronto, ON. Canada. p. 546-548.

Age of infection affects the pathogenicity of Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses in ducks - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2007. Age of infection affects the pathogenicity of Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses in ducks. Virus Research. 130:151-161.

Evaluation of poultry diagnostic tests for avial influenza virus in duck origin samples - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2007. Evaluation of poultry diagnostic tests for avial influenza virus in duck origin samples [abstract]. 144th American Veterinary Medical Association Annual Convention, July 14-18, 2007, Washington, DC. CDROM.

Development of a real-time RT-PCR assay for turkey cytokines - (Abstract) - (02-May-07)

Pathogenesis of H5N1 avian influenza virus gene reassortants in chickens - (Abstract)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Lee, C.W., Kapczynski, D.R., Sarmento, L., Wasilenko, J.L., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2007. Pathogenesis of H5N1 avian influenza virus gene reassortants in chickens [abstract]. Options for the Control of Influenza VI Conference, Abstract book. June 17-23, 2007, Toronto, Canada. p. 260.

An initial evaluation of the pathogenesis of turkey-origin avian reovirus in poults - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Stephens, C.B. 2007. An initial evaluation of the pathogenesis of turkey-origin avian reovirus in poults [abstract]. Poultry Science Association Meeting. Abstract 65.

Genetic analysis of the H5 HA from North American wild bird origin avian influenza viruses - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Senne, D., Pasick, J., Handel, K., Ip, H., Slemons, R., Stallknecht, D. 2007. Genetic analysis of the H5 HA from North American wild bird origin avian influenza viruses [abstract]. Options for the Control of Influenza VI Conference, June 17-23, 2007, Toronto, Canada. p. 171.

A multiplex RT-PCR test for the differential identification of turkey astrovirus type-1, turkey astrovirus type-2, chicken astrovirus, avian nephritis virus and avian rotavirus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2007. A multiplex RT-PCR test for the differential identification of turkey astrovirus type-1, turkey astrovirus type-2, chicken astrovirus, avian nephritis virus and avian rotavirus. Avian Diseases. 51:681-684.

Periodic monitoring of commercial turkeys for enteric viruses indicates continuous presence of astrovirus and rotavirus on farms - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M., Rives, D. 2007. Periodic monitoring of commercial turkeys for enteric viruses indicates continuous presence of astrovirus and rotavirus on farms. Avian Diseases. 51:674-680.

Avian influenza research update - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E., Kapczynski, D.R., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2007. Avian influenza research update. In: Proceedings of the 110th Annual Meeting of the U.S. Animal Health Association, October 12-18, 2006, Minneapolis, Minnesota. p. 642-644.

Characteristics of diagnostic tests used in the 2002 low pathogenicity avian influenza H7N2 outbreak in Virginia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Elvinger, F., Akey, B., Pierson, F., Porter-Spalding, B., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2007. Characteristics of diagnostic tests used in the 2002 low pathogenicity avian influenza H7N2 outbreak in Virginia. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 19(4):341-348.

Movements of birds and avian influenza from Asia into Alaska - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Winker, K., Mccracken, K.G., Gibson, D.D., Pruett, C.L., Meier, R., Huettmann, F., Wege, M., Kulikova, I.V., Zhuravlev, Y.N., Perdue, M. ., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. 2007. Movements of birds and avian influenza from Asia into Alaska. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 13(4):547-552.

Inactivated North American and European H5n2 Avian Influenza Virus Vaccines Protect Chickens from Asian H5n1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Swayne, D.E., Lee, C.W., Spackman, E. 2006. Inactivated North American and European H5N2 avian influenza virus vaccines protect chickens from Asian H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus. Avian Pathology. 35(2):141-146.

Why are avian influenza viruses emerging and what tools are needed to prevent and control the infection and disease? - (Abstract)

Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Afonso, C.L. 2007. Why are avian influenza viruses emerging and what tools are needed to prevent and control the infection and disease?. In: Proceedings of the 110th Annual Meeting of the U.S. Animal Health Association, October 12-18, 2006, Minneapolis, Minnesota. p. 728-729.

Pathogenicity of turkey astroviruses Type 2 in poults - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2007. Pathogenicity of turkey astroviruses Type 2 in poults. In: Proceedings of the 56th Western Poultry Disease Conference, March 26-29, 2007, Las Vegas, Nevada. p. 5.

Multiplex RT-PCR for the detection of Astroviruses and Rotaviruses in Poultry - (Abstract)

Stephens, C.B., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2007. Multiplex RT-PCR for the detection of astroviruses and rotaviruses in poultry [abstract]. Southern Conference on Avian Diseases. p. 32.

Pathology and Virus Tissue Distribution of Turkey Origin Reoviruses in Experimentally Infected Turkey Poults - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2007. Pathology and virus tissue distribution of turkey origin reoviruses in experimentally infected turkey poults. Veterinary Pathology. 44:185-195.

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the S1 Genome segment of turkey-origin reoviruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2007. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the S1 Genome segment of turkey-origin reoviruses. Virus Genes. 35:235-242.

Development and Validation of a Real-Time Taqman(r) Pcr Assay for the Detection and Quantitation of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus in Poultry - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Callison, S.A., Riblet, S.M., Sun, S., Guillermo, Z., Williams, S., Resurreccion, R., Spackman, E., Garcia, M. 2006. Development and validation of a real-time Taqman(r) PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in poultry. Journal of Virological Methods. 139(1):31-38.

Detection of H5n1 in Meat Samples from Experimentally Infected Chickens - (Abstract)

Das, A., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2006. Detection of H5N1 in meat samples from experimentally infected chickens [abstract]. American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. p. 40.

Development of An Internal Positive Control for Rapid Diagnosis of Avian Influenza Viral Infections by Real-Time Rt-Pcr with Lyophilized Reagents - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Das, A., Spackman, E., Senne, D., Pedersen, J., Suarez, D.L. 2006. Development of an internal positive control for rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus infections by real-time reverse-transcription-PCR with lyophilized reagents. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 44(9):3065-3073.

An Avian Influenza Virus from Waterfowl in South America Contains Genes from North American Avian and Equine Lineages - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Mccracken, K.G., Winker, K., Swayne, D.E. 2007. An avian influenza virus from waterfowl in South America contains genes from North American avian and equine lineages. Avian Diseases (Supplemental). 51:273-274.

H7n3 Avian Influenza Virus Found in a South American Wild Duck Is Related to the Chilean 2002 Poultry Oubtreak, Contains Genes from Equine and North American Wild Bird Lineages, and Is Adapted to Domestic Turkeys - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., McCracken, K.G., Winker, K., Swayne, D.E. 2006. H7N3 Avian influenza virus found in a South American wild duck is related to the Chilean 2002 poultry oubtreak, contains genes from equine and North American wild bird lineages, and is adapted to domestic turkeys. Journal of Virology. 80(15):7760-7764.

Molecular characterization and typing of chicken and turkey astroviruses circulating in the United States: Implications for diagnostics. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Woolcock, P.R. 2006. Molecular characterization and typing of chicken and turkey astroviruses circulating in the United States: Implications for diagnostics. Avian Diseases. 50:397-404.

Molecular Characterization of the S1 Genome Segment of Turkey-Origin Reovirus - (Abstract)

Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2006. Molecular characterization of the S1 genome segment of turkey-origin reovirus. In: American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting Scientific Program, May 21-25, 2006, Orlando, Florida. 2006 CDROM.

The Pathogenesis of Agents Associated with Runting-Stunting Syndrome of Broilers in Spf Turkeys - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2006. The pathogenesis of agents associated with runting-stunting syndrome of broilers in SPF turkeys. In: American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting Scientific Program, July 16-19, 2006, Honolulu, HI. 2006 CDROM.

Molecular Characterization of Enteric Viruses Circulating in the United States - (Abstract)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2006. Molecular characterization of enteric viruses circulating in the United States. In: American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting Scientific Program, July 16-19, 2006, Honolulu, Hiwaii. 2006 CDROM.

Biological and Molecular Characterization of Recent Asian H5n1 Strains - (Abstract)

Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E. 2006. Biological and molecular characterization of recent Asian H5N1 strains [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists. CD p. 74.

Evidence of Immune System Dysfunction in Poults Infected with Turkey-Origin Reoviruses - (Abstract)

Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2006. Evidence of immune system dysfunction in poults infected with turkey-origin reoviruses. In: American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting Scienfitic Program, July 16-19, 2006, Honolulu, HI. 2006 CDROM.

Variation in the Hemagglutinin Genes of Avian Influenza Viruses Collected from Wild Water-Fowl and Shorebirds in North America - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2005. Variation in the hemagglutinin genes of avian influenza viruses collected from wild water-fowl and shorebirds in north america 1969-2002 [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists. p.62.

Detection Methods for Enteric Viruses of Poultry: An Overview and Glimpses of the Future - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Spackman, E. 2006. Detection methods for enteric viruses of poultry: an overview and glimpses of the future. In: Proceedings of the Western Poultry Disease Conference, March 5-8, 2006, Sacramento, California. p. 46-50.

Molecular Characterization of Astroviruses and Rotaviruses Detected in Turkey Flocks from Hatch to 12 Weeks of Age - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2006. Molecular characterization of astroviruses and rotaviruses detected in turkey flocks from hatch to 12 weeks of age. In: Proceedings of the 55th Western Poultry Disease Conference, March 5-8, 2006, Sacramento, California. p.51-52

Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Subcommittee, International Ai Situation, Assessment of Threat to Us Industry; Migratory Waterfowl and Ai Inactivation in Meat - (Abstract)

Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Pantin-Jackwood, M.J. 2006. Avian influenza and Newcastle disease subcommittee, international AI situation, assessment of threat to US industry; migratory waterfowl and AI inactivation in meat [abstract]. In: Smith, J. Report of the Committee on Transmissible Diseases of Poultry and Other Avian Species. Proceedings of the United States Animal Health Association, Richmond, Virginia. p. 45-46.

Molecular characterization of chicken and turkey astroviruses - (Abstract)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2006. Molecular characterization of chicken and turkey astroviruses [abstract]. International Poultry Scientific Forum Scientific Program. p.32.

Evolution of H5n1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia: Antigenicity, Antiviral Drug Sensitivity and Vaccine Development - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Donis, R., Lee, C.W., Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E. 2005. Evolution of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in asia: antigenicity, antiviral drug sensitivity and vaccine development. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10:1515-1521.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Turkey Astroviruses Reveals Evidence of Recombination - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Woolcock, P.R. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of turkey astroviruses reveals evidence of recombination. Virus Genes.32:187-192.

Immunogenicity of Fowlpox Virus Expressing Avian Influenza Virus H5 Gene (Trovac® Ai) in Cats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Kemal, K., Swayne, D.E., Deborah, G., Michel, B., Amy, R., Spackman, E., Robert, N. 2005. Immunogenicity of fowlpox virus expressing Avian Influenza Virus H5 gene (Trovac® AI) in cats. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 12(11):1340-1342.

Sequence Analysis and Receptor Specificity of the Hemagglutinin of a Recent Influenza H2n2 Virus Isolated from Chicken in North America - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Glaser, L., Zamarin, D., Acland, H.M., Spackman, E., Palese, P., Garcia-Sastre, A., Tewari, D. 2006. Sequence analysis and receptor specificity of the hemagglutinin of a recent influenza h2n2 virus isolated from chicken in north america. Glycoconjugate. 23:93-99.

Pathogenicity of Four Different H5n1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks - (Abstract)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Beck, J.R., Spackman, E. 2005. Pathogenicity of four different H5N1 avian influenza viruses in ducks [abstract]. Research Conference on Orthomyxoviruses p.47.

Phylogenetic Analyses of Type a Influenza Genes in Natural Reservoir Species in North America Reveals Genetic Variation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Stallknecht, D.E., Slemons, R.D., Winker, K., Suarez, D.L., Scott, M.A., Swayne, D.E. 2005. Phylogenetic analyses of type a influenza genes in natural reservoir species in North America reveals genetic variation. Virus Research. 114:89-100.

The Pathogenesis of Turkey Origin Reoviruses in Turkeys and Chickens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Day, J.M., Sellers, H. 2005. The pathogenesis of turkey origin reoviruses in turkeys and chickens. Avian Pathology 34(4):291-296.

Sequence Analysis of Turkey Astroviruses - (Trade Journal)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2005. Sequence analysis of turkey astroviruses. Feedinfo News Service Scientific Reviews. April 2005. Available: http://www.feedinfo.com

Initial Evaluation of the Pathogenesis of Novel Turkey-Origin Reoviruses - (Abstract)

Day, J.M., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2005. Initial evaluation of the pathogenesis of novel turkey-origin reoviruses. In: American Society for Microbiology, June 8, 2005, Atlanta, Georgia. p.23.

Np, Pb1 and Pb2 Viral Genes Contribute to Altered Replication of H5n1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Wasilenko, J.L., Lee, C., Sarmento, L., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Suarez, D.L., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2008. NP, PB1 and PB2 viral genes contribute to altered replication of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in chickens. Journal of Virology. 82(9):4544-4553.

Comparison of Bursal Histology Lesions Caused by Different Isolates of Turkey Reovirus - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Day, J.M. 2005. Comparison of bursal histology lesions caused by different isolates of turkey reovirus.Proceedings of Western Poultry Disease Conference, p. 126.

Molecular Characterization of Turkey Astroviruses Circulating in the United States - (Abstract)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2005. Molecular characterization of turkey astroviruses circulating in the united states [abstract]. American Veterinary Medical Association p.73.

The Pathogenesis of Turkey Origin Reoviruses in Specific Pathogen Free Poults - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Spackman, E., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Day, J.M. 2005. The pathogenesis of turkey origin reoviruses in specific pathogen free poults. Western Poultry Disease Conference. p.71-72.

Sequence Analysis of Turkey Astroviruses Isolated from Healthy and Sick Birds - (Abstract)

Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E. 2005. Sequence analysis of turkey astroviruses isolated from healthy and sick birds [abstract]. Southern Conference on Avian Diseases. p.22.

2004 Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic H7n3 Avian Influenza in British Columbia - (Abstract)

Spackman, E. 2005. 2004 outbreak of highly pathogenic h7n3 avian influenza in british columbia. United States Animal Health Association Proceedings. p. 563.

Characterization of Highly Pathogenic H5n1 Avian Influenza a Viruses Isolated from Korean Poultry - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lee, C.W., Suarez, D.L., Tumpey, T.M., Sung, H., Kwon, Y., Lee, Y., Choi, J., Joh, S., Kim, M., Lee, E., Park, J., Lu, X., Katz, J.M., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Kim, J. 2005. Characterization of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza a viruses isolated from korean poultry. Journal of Virology. 79:3692-3702.

Multiplex Real-Time Rt-Pcr for the Detection of Three Viruses Associated with Poult Enteritis Complex: Turkey Astrovirus, Turkey Coronavirus, and Turkey Reovirus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Sellers, H., 2005. Multiplex real-time rt-pcr for the detection of three viruses associated with poult enteritis complex: turkey astrovirus, turkey coronavirus, and turkey reovirus. Avian Diseases. 49:86-91.

Evolution of Avian Influenza in Gallinaceous Birds in the Live-Bird Market System of the U.S. - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. Evolution of Avian Influenza in Gallinaceous Birds in the Live-Bird Market System of the U.S. Virus Evolution Workshop, Noble Foundation, October 22, 2004, Ardmore, Oklahoma. p. 12.

An Overview of the Biology of Avian Influenza in Poultry - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Spackman, E. 2005. An overview of the biology of avian influenza in poultry. American College of Poultry Veterinarians. p. 1-5.

Setting a Bad Example for Emerging Pathogens: Influenza and Molecular Mechanisms of Host Restriction and Pathogenicity Shifts - (Abstract)

Spackman, E. 2004. Setting a Bad Example For Emerging Pathogens: Influenza and Molecular Mechanisms of Host Restriction and Pathogenicity Shifts. Meeting Abstract. October, 2004.

Multiplex Real-Time Rt-Pcr for Turkey Coronavirus, Turkey Astrovirus and Turkey Reovirus - (Abstract)

Spackman, E. 2004. Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR for Turkey Coronavirus, Turkey Astrovirus and Turkey Reovirus. American Association of Avian Pathologists.

Use of a Novel Virus Inactivation Method for a Multi-Center Avian Influenza Real-Time Rt-Pcr Profieicney - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. Use of a novel virus inactivation method for a multi-center avian influenza real-time rt-pcr profieicney. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 17:76-80 (2005).

Implications of the Southeast Asia Avian Influenza Outbreak to the U.S. Poultry Industry - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Spackman, E. 2004. Implications of the southeast asia avian influenza outbreak to the u.s. poultry industry. Meeting Abstract.

Does Low Pathogenicity H5 and H7 Avian Influenza Pose a Threat? - (Abstract)

Spackman, E. 2004. Does Low Pathogenicity H5 and H7 Avian Influenza Pose A Threat? National Poultry Improvement Plan Meeting, 07/09/2004.

Real-Time Rt-Pcr Assays for the Detection and Differentiation of North American Swine Influenza Viruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Richt, J.A., Lager, K.M., Clouser, D.F., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Yoon, K.-J. 2004. Real-time RT-PCR assays for the detection and differentiation of North American swine influenza viruses. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 16:367-373.

Bird Flu to Human Flu: Type a Influenza and Host Specificity - (Abstract)

Spackman, E. 2004. Bird flu to human flu: type a influenza and host specificity. Meeting Abstract.

Characterization of Recent H5 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses from U.S. Poultry - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lee, C.W., Senne, D., Linares, J.A., Woolcock, P., Stallknecht, D., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L. 2004. Characterization Of Recent H5 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses From U.S. Poultry. Avian Pathology June 2004, 33(3), p.288-297.

Update on Seprl Pems Research - (Abstract)

Spackman, E. 2004. Update on SEPRL PEMS Research. National Turkey Federation Proceedings.

Sars - Coronavirus Does Not Cause Disease Or Infection in Experimentally Inoculated Domestic Poultry - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Tumpey, T., Beck, J.R., Erdman, D., Rollin, P.E., Ksiazek, T.G. 2004. Sars - Coronavirus Does Not Cause Disease or Infection in Experimentally Inoculated Domestic Poultry. Emerging Infectious Diseases 10(5):914-916, 2004.

Research Indicates Poultry Were Not Involved in Sars Outbreak - (Abstract)

Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Tumpey, T., Beck, J.R., Erdman, D., Rollin, P.E., Ksiazek, T.G. 2004. Research Indicates Poultry Were Not Involved in Sars Outbreak. United States Animal Health Association Proceedings, p494-495, 2004.

Development and Validation of a Real-Time Rt-Pcr Test for Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1 and Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Wise, M., Suarez, D.L., Senne, D.A., Pedersen, J.C., King, D.J., Swayne, D.E., Lee, C.W., Seal, B.S. 2003. Development and Validation of a Real-Time RT-PCR Test for Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1 and Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus. American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians.

An Assessment of Real-Time Rt-Pcr Robustness Using An Avian Influenza Virus Proficiency Panel - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2003. An Assessment of Real-Time RT-PCR Robustness Using an Avian Influenza Virus Proficiency Panel. American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians.

Recombination Resulting in Virulence Shift in Avian Influenza Outbreak, Chile - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Suarez, D.L., Senne, D.A., Banks, J., Brown, I.H., Essen, S.C., Lee, C.W., Manvell, R.J., Mathieu-Benson, C., Marreno, V., Pedersen, J., Panigrahy, B., Rojas, H., Spackman, E., Alexander, D.J. Recombination Resulting In Virulence Shift In Avian Influenza Outbreak, Chile. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Vol 10, No.4.

Development of a Real-Time Reverse-Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus Rna in Clinical Samples - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Wise, M., Suarez, D.L., Seal, B.S., Janice, P.C., Senne, D.A., King, D.J., Kapczynski, D.R., Spackman, E. Development Of A Real-Time Reverse-Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction For Detection Of Newcastle Disease Virus RNA In Clinical Samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Vol. 42, No.1, p329-338. 2004

Studies on the Replication of Sars Coronavirus in Avian Species - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Tumpey, T., Beck, J.R. 2003. Studies on the replication of sars coronavirus in avian species. American Society for Microbiology.

Sequence Analysis of Recent H7 Avian Influenza Viruses Associated with Three Different Outbreaks in Commercial Poultry in the U.S. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

SPACKMAN, E., SENNE, D.A., DAVISON, S., SUAREZ, D.L. Sequence Analysis Of Recent H7 Avian Influenza Viruses Associated With Three Different Outbreaks In Commerical Poultry In The U.S. 2003. JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY.

The Role of Chicken Anemia Virus in Immunosuppression - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Spackman, E. 2003. The Role Of Chicken Anemia Virus In Immunosuppression. Poultry Health and Processing National Meeting Proceedings.

Ndv Real-Time Rt-Pcr Test Development, Validation and Use As a National Test at Nvsl - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Wise, M., Suarez, D.L., Senne, D.A., Pedersen, J.C., King, D.J., Swayne, D.E., Schmitt, B.J., Seal, B.S. NDV Real-Time RT-PCR Test Development, Validation and Use As A National Test at NVSL. 2003. United States Animal Health Association Proceedings.

Detection of Avian Influenza Virus in Oil Emulsion Vaccines by Real-Time Rt-Pcr - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2003. Detection Of Avian Influenza Virus In Oil Emulsion Vaccines By Real-Time RT-PCR. American Association of Avian Pathologists.

Experimental Assessment of Domestic Poultry As Potential Biological Vectors and Reservoirs for Sars-Coronavirus - (Abstract)

Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Beck, J.R., Tumpey, T., Swayne, D.E. 2003. Experimental assessment of domestic poultry as potential biological vectors and reservoirs for sars-coronavirus. Diseases at the Interface between Domestic Livestock and Wildlife Species.

The Molecular Biology of Avian Influenza Virus in Short - (Abstract)

Spackman, E. 2003. The molecular biology of avian influenza virus in short. American College of Poultry Veterinarians.

Evaluation of Molecular Markers for Pathogenicity in Recent H7n2 Avian Influenza Isolates from the Northeastern United States - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2003. Evaluation Of Molecular Markers For Pathogenicity In Recent H7N2 Avian Influenza Isolates From The Northeastern United States. Western Poultry Disease Conference.

Rapid Diagnosis of Newcastle Disease Virus Using a Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Pcr Assay - (Abstract)

Wise, M., Spackman, E., King, D.J., Suarez, D.L., Seal, B.S. 2003. Rapid diagnosis of newcastle disease virus using a real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay. American Association of Avian Pathologists.

Establishment of a Real-Time Pcr Assay for Swine Influenza Viruses - (Abstract) - (10-Nov-02)

The Effect of Various Disinfectants on Detection of Avian Influenza Virus by Real Time Rt-Pcr - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Senne, D., Bulaga, L., Welsch, A.C., Froberg, K. 2003. The effect of various disinfectants on detection of avian influenza virus by real time rt-pcr. Avian Diseases. 47:1091-1095, 2003.

Update on Molecular Epidemiology of H1, H5 and H7 Influenza Infections in Poultry in North America - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E., Senne, D. Update On Molecular Epidemiology Of H1, H5 and H7 Influenza Infections In Poultry In North America. Avian Diseases,2003, 47:888-897.

Analysis of the Avian Influenza Matrix Gene of North American Wild Waterfowl Isolates - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2002. Analysis Of The Avian Influenza Matrix Gene Of North American Wild Waterfowl Isolates. American Association of Avian Pathologists.

Development of a Real-Time Rt-Pcr Assay for Type a Influenza and the Avian H5 and H7 Hemagglutinin Subtypes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Senne, D.S., Myers, T.J., Bulaga, L.L., Garber, P., Perdue, M., Lohman, K., Daum, L.T., Suarez, D.L. 2002. Development Of A Real-Time RT-PCR Assay For Type A Influenza And The Avian H5 And H7 Hemagglutinin subtypes. Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

Control of H7n2 Influenza in the Live Bird Markets in the Northeast United States - (Abstract)

Suarez, D.L., Spackman, E. 2002. Control of H7N2 influenza in the live bird markets in the northeast united states. European Scientific Working Group on Influenza.

Development of Multiplex Real-Time Rt-Pcr As a Diagnostic Tool for Avian Influenza - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Spackman, E., Senne, D.A., Bulaga, L.L., Trock, S., Suarez, D.L. 2003. Development Of Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR As A Diagnostic Tool For Avian Influenza. Avian Diseases. 47:1087-1090, 2003.

Phylogenetic Analysis of the Influenza H7 Hemagglutinin Gene and Ha1 Protein from Viruses Isolated from U.S. Live Bird Markets in the Northeast - (Abstract)

Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L. 2002. Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Influenza H7 Hemagglutinin Gene And HA1 Protein From Viruses Isolated From U.S. Live Bird Markets In The Northeast. Southeastern Regional Virology Conference.

Development and Evaluation of a Challenge Model for Measuring Efficacy of Vaccines Against Mildly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses - (Abstract)

Swayne, D.E., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Beck, J.R., Schultz Cherry, S.L., Tumpey, T. 2002. Development And Evaluation Of A Challenge Model For Measuring Efficacy Of Vaccines Against Mildly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses. American Veterinary Medical Association Abstract.