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Source Water Assessment Report
for the
Acoma Pueblo/Sky City Casino
Water Supply System
for the
Acoma Pueblo/Sky City Casino
Water Supply System
Acomita, New Mexico
Source Water Assessment Report for the Acoma Pueblo/Sky City Casino Water Supply System
Acomita, New Mexico
April 25, 2001
Introduction
The 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act authorizes a Source Water Assessment Program to determine the susceptibility of a public drinking water supply to contamination. Sources of contaminants regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act (i.e., contaminants with a Maximum Contaminant Level, contaminants regulated under the surface water treatment rule, and the microorganism cryptosporidium) are required to be inventoried during the assessment process. The EPA Region 6 Source Water Protection Branch in cooperation with your drinking water system operators has conducted this assessment for your drinking water source.
This one-time only "snap-shot" of the potential for water quality impacts to your source of drinking water is intended to serve as a starting point for you and your water supply system to initiate protection measures that will ensure an adequate quality of drinking water to meet the future needs of your Pueblo.
Background
A complete source water assessment consists of four key elements:
(1) The first step is for assessment areas to be delineated for each of the system's ground water wells or surface water intakes (see Figure 1). These delineations use available hydrogeologic factors for determining the areal extent of ground water sources for wells and the entire watershed drainage area for surface water intakes.
(2) Once the area to be assessed has been determined, a detailed potential contaminant source inventory is conducted within the delineated area. A list of potential contaminant sources and their relative risk to ground water and surface water is presented in Appendix A.
(3) The information gathered during the inventory process is then used to determine the relative susceptibility of the drinking water supply to the contaminant sources inventoried. This susceptibility determination takes into consideration four factors: (a) the physical integrity of the well/intake structure; (b) the characteristics of the hydrologic system around the well/intake; (c) characteristics of the contaminants inventoried; and, (d) the likelihood of those contaminants to reach the source of the drinking water supply. (See the "Assessment Summary" section of this report for a summary of your system's susceptibility to contamination.)
(4) The final step in conducting an assessment is for the customers using the ground water or surface water source of drinking water to be informed about the availability of the complete assessment report.
After determining the susceptibility of the ground water and/or surface water sources of the system's drinking water supply, the system's susceptibility is determined by using the arithmetic mean of the source susceptibilities. Systems that purchase their drinking water supplies from another drinking water system will share that system's susceptibility. Table A illustrates how your system's susceptibility was calculated.
Table A - System and Source Susceptibility to Contamination Determination
| Source ID | Source Name | High | Medium | Low |
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| System Score |
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Assessment Summary
Your drinking water supply primary source is ground water. Your sources of drinking water come from the Quaternary Alluvial aquifer, the Valley Fill Sandstone aquifer. Based on the four susceptibility factors discussed above, your system was determined to have a HIGH susceptibility to contamination.
Systems with a "High" susceptibility rating are strongly encouraged to implement management controls within the source water assessment area to minimize the threat of these potential sources of contamination. Systems with a "Medium" susceptibility rating should consider implementing control measures that reduce the risk of potential contamination from sources closest to the well/intake. Systems with a "Low" susceptibility determination should initiate a public education and outreach program that focuses on protecting the drinking water resource and informing the public about activities that threaten the quality of your drinking water supply.
This assessment is intended to serve as a tool for you and your water supply system to use as a start to a source water protection program. To get further involved in protecting your source of drinking water, please contact your local water supply system operator to volunteer your time and talent. For additional information about the federal Source Water Assessment Program, please do not hesitate to contact Ken Williams, EPA Region 6 Source Water Protection Program Coordinator at 214.665.7129 or e-mail him at williams.ken@epa.gov.
Water Supply System Name: Acoma Pueblo/Sky City Casino
Well Name: Mongoose # 1 Well Number: W0001
An inventory of potential sources of contamination (PSOC) within a 1/4 mile (1,320 feet) radius of the well reveals the following contaminant sources and their relative risk to the well:
|
Potential Source of Contamination (PSOC) Description |
PSOC Risk |
Distance From Water Source (ft) |
Overall Risk |
|
OLH-Other Line Source - High Risk |
HIGH |
109 |
HIGH |
|
PGR-Paved/Gravel Local Road |
LOW |
174 |
MED |
|
SHW-State/Federal Highway |
MED |
239 |
MED |
|
NONE |
274 |
NONE |
|
|
LOW |
359 |
MED |
|
|
PGR-Paved/Gravel Local Road |
LOW |
437 |
MED |
|
PGR-Paved/Gravel Local Road |
LOW |
485 |
MED |
|
HIGH |
486 |
HIGH |
|
|
OPM-Other Point Source - Medium Risk |
MED |
808 |
MED |
|
PRK-Parking Lot |
MED |
809 |
MED |
|
HIGH |
944 |
MED |
|
|
HIGH |
988 |
MED |
|
|
SET-Single Family Septic System |
MED |
1204 |
LOW |
|
HIGH |
1252 |
MED |
The cumulative risk associated with these PSOCs is HIGH.
The overall risk posed by a particular PSOC is based on the type of PSOC (1=low, 2-medium, 3=high), and the risk due to the proximity of the PSOC to the water source. The distance factor is considered high (3) if the PSOC is within 810 feet, medium (2) if from 811 feet to 1070 feet, and low (1) if from 1070 feet to 1320 feet. These two components (type and distance) are summed to give the overall risk posed by the individual PSOC (low=2, 3; medium=4, 5; high=6). To determine the cumulative risk to the water source posed by all of the PSOCs, the overall risk from each source is summed and a scale is applied. If the sum is 0 to 6, the risk is low; a sum of 7 to 12 yields a medium risk; and a sum greater than 12 represents a high risk of contamination of the water source.
| Source Integrity Parameter | Assessment |
|
1. Is the top of the screened interval within 100 feet of ground level? |
Yes |
|
2. Is the casing exposed to surface water runoff? |
No |
|
3. Is the well site subject to flooding? |
No |
|
4. Is the upper termination of the well located outside a secured area? |
No |
|
5. Is the upper termination of the well located in a pit? |
No |
Based on the questions above, the Source Integrity Susceptibility Score is MEDIUM.
Based on the character of the hydrogeologic factors around the setting; the nature of these potential contaminant sources, and their proximity to the well; and the physical integrity of the well; this well has been determined to have a HIGH susceptibility to contamination.
(*) Estimated value based on Best Professional Judgement.
Water Supply System Name: Acoma Pueblo/Sky City Casino
Well Name: Mongoose # 2 Well Number: W0002
The well depicted below was completed on an unknown date. The well was drilled to a total depth of 83.0 feet and is completed in the Quaternary Alluvial aquifer between the screened intervals of 43.0 and 73.0 feet. The Quaternary Alluvial aquifer is composed of unconsolidated, alluvial valley traversed by stream and the well is currently active. This type of aquifer is rated as having a HIGH susceptibility to contamination.
An inventory of potential sources of contamination (PSOC) within a 1/4 mile (1,320 feet) radius of the well reveals the following contaminant sources and their relative risk to the well:
|
Potential Source of Contamination (PSOC) Description |
PSOC Risk |
Distance From Water Source (ft) |
Overall Risk |
|
OLH-Other Line Source - High Risk |
HIGH |
92 |
HIGH |
|
PGR-Paved/Gravel Local Road |
LOW |
195 |
MED |
|
SHW-State/Federal Highway |
MED |
253 |
MED |
|
NONE |
299 |
NONE |
|
|
LOW |
364 |
MED |
|
|
PGR-Paved/Gravel Local Road |
LOW |
427 |
MED |
|
HIGH |
487 |
HIGH |
|
|
PGR-Paved/Gravel Local Road |
LOW |
505 |
MED |
|
PRK-Parking Lot |
MED |
819 |
MED |
|
OPM-Other Point Source - Medium Risk |
MED |
820 |
MED |
|
HIGH |
966 |
MED |
|
|
HIGH |
1013 |
MED |
|
|
SET-Single Family Septic System |
MED |
1218 |
LOW |
|
HIGH |
1266 |
MED |
The cumulative risk associated with these PSOCs is HIGH.
The overall risk posed by a particular PSOC is based on the type of PSOC (1=low, 2-medium, 3=high), and the risk due to the proximity of the PSOC to the water source. The distance factor is considered high (3) if the PSOC is within 810 feet, medium (2) if from 811 feet to 1070 feet, and low (1) if from 1070 feet to 1320 feet. These two components (type and distance) are summed to give the overall risk posed by the individual PSOC (low=2, 3; medium=4, 5; high=6). To determine the cumulative risk to the water source posed by all of the PSOCs, the overall risk from each source is summed and a scale is applied. If the sum is 0 to 6, the risk is low; a sum of 7 to 12 yields a medium risk; and a sum greater than 12 represents a high risk of contamination of the water source.
| Source Integrity Parameter | Assessment |
|
1. Is the top of the screened interval within 100 feet of ground level? |
Yes |
|
2. Is the casing exposed to surface water runoff? |
No |
|
3. Is the well site subject to flooding? |
No |
|
4. Is the upper termination of the well located outside a secured area? |
Yes |
|
5. Is the upper termination of the well located in a pit? |
Yes |
Based on the questions above, the Source Integrity Susceptibility Score is HIGH.
Based on the character of the hydrogeologic factors around the setting; the nature of these potential contaminant sources, and their proximity to the well; and the physical integrity of the well; this well has been determined to have a HIGH susceptibility to contamination.
Water Supply System Name: Acoma Pueblo/Sky City Casino
Well Name: Exxon Well Number: W0003
The well depicted below was completed on an unknown date. The well was drilled to a total depth of 500.0(*) feet and is completed in the Valley Fill Sandstone aquifer between the screened intervals of 200.0(*) and 400.0(*) feet. The Valley Fill Sandstone aquifer is composed of sandstone and the well is currently active. This type of aquifer is rated as having a LOW susceptibility to contamination.
An inventory of potential sources of contamination (PSOC) within a 1/4 mile (1,320 feet) radius of the well reveals the following contaminant sources and their relative risk to the well:
|
Potential Source of Contamination (PSOC) Description |
PSOC Risk |
Distance From Water Source (ft) |
Overall Risk |
|
WST-Storage Tanks for PWS |
NONE |
42 |
NONE |
|
NONE |
281 |
NONE |
|
|
HIGH |
286 |
HIGH |
|
|
CTP-Chlorine Treatment for Water Supply Well |
NONE |
306 |
NONE |
|
SET-Single Family Septic System |
MED |
308 |
MED |
|
HIGH |
414 |
HIGH |
|
|
SET-Single Family Septic System |
MED |
727 |
MED |
|
HIGH |
742 |
HIGH |
|
|
PGR-Paved/Gravel Local Road |
LOW |
780 |
MED |
|
PRK-Parking Lot |
MED |
870 |
MED |
|
SHW-State/Federal Highway |
MED |
952 |
MED |
|
HIGH |
1288 |
MED |
The cumulative risk associated with these PSOCs is HIGH.
The overall risk posed by a particular PSOC is based on the type of PSOC (1=low, 2-medium, 3=high), and the risk due to the proximity of the PSOC to the water source. The distance factor is considered high (3) if the PSOC is within 810 feet, medium (2) if from 811 feet to 1070 feet, and low (1) if from 1070 feet to 1320 feet. These two components (type and distance) are summed to give the overall risk posed by the individual PSOC (low=2, 3; medium=4, 5; high=6). To determine the cumulative risk to the water source posed by all of the PSOCs, the overall risk from each source is summed and a scale is applied. If the sum is 0 to 6, the risk is low; a sum of 7 to 12 yields a medium risk; and a sum greater than 12 represents a high risk of contamination of the water source.
| Source Integrity Parameter | Assessment |
|
1. Is the top of the screened interval within 100 feet of ground level? |
No |
|
2. Is the casing exposed to surface water runoff? |
No |
|
3. Is the well site subject to flooding? |
No |
|
4. Is the upper termination of the well located outside a secured area? |
No |
|
5. Is the upper termination of the well located in a pit? |
No |
Based on the questions above, the Source Integrity Susceptibility Score is LOW.
Based on the character of the hydrogeologic factors around the setting; the nature of these potential contaminant sources, and their proximity to the well; and the physical integrity of the well; this well has been determined to have a MEDIUM susceptibility to contamination.
(*) Estimated value based on Best Professional Judgement.
Water Supply System Name: Acoma Pueblo/Sky City Casino
Well Name: Coyote Well Well Number: W0004
The well depicted below was completed on an unknown date. The well was drilled to a total depth of 520.0 feet and is completed in the Valley Fill Sandstone aquifer between the screened intervals of 200.0 and 500.0 feet. The Valley Fill Sandstone aquifer is composed of sandstone and the well is currently active. This type of aquifer is rated as having a LOW susceptibility to contamination.
An inventory of potential sources of contamination (PSOC) within a 1/4 mile (1,320 feet) radius of the well reveals the following contaminant sources and their relative risk to the well:
|
Potential Source of Contamination (PSOC) Description |
PSOC Risk |
Distance From Water Source (ft) |
Overall Risk |
|
NONE |
131 |
NONE |
|
|
CTP-Chlorine Treatment for Water Supply Well |
NONE |
154 |
NONE |
|
SET-Single Family Septic System |
MED |
172 |
MED |
|
HIGH |
258 |
HIGH |
|
|
WST-Storage Tanks for PWS |
NONE |
342 |
NONE |
|
SHW-State/Federal Highway |
MED |
659 |
MED |
|
HIGH |
667 |
HIGH |
|
|
PRK-Parking Lot |
MED |
805 |
MED |
|
SET-Single Family Septic System |
MED |
839 |
MED |
|
HIGH |
875 |
MED |
|
|
PGR-Paved/Gravel Local Road |
LOW |
977 |
LOW |
The cumulative risk associated with these PSOCs is MEDIUM.
The overall risk posed by a particular PSOC is based on the type of PSOC (1=low, 2-medium, 3=high), and the risk due to the proximity of the PSOC to the water source. The distance factor is considered high (3) if the PSOC is within 810 feet, medium (2) if from 811 feet to 1070 feet, and low (1) if from 1070 feet to 1320 feet. These two components (type and distance) are summed to give the overall risk posed by the individual PSOC (low=2, 3; medium=4, 5; high=6). To determine the cumulative risk to the water source posed by all of the PSOCs, the overall risk from each source is summed and a scale is applied. If the sum is 0 to 6, the risk is low; a sum of 7 to 12 yields a medium risk; and a sum greater than 12 represents a high risk of contamination of the water source.
| Source Integrity Parameter | Assessment |
|
1. Is the top of the screened interval within 100 feet of ground level? |
No |
|
2. Is the casing exposed to surface water runoff? |
No |
|
3. Is the well site subject to flooding? |
No |
|
4. Is the upper termination of the well located outside a secured area? |
No |
|
5. Is the upper termination of the well located in a pit? |
No |
Based on the questions above, the Source Integrity Susceptibility Score is LOW.
Based on the character of the hydrogeologic factors around the setting; the nature of these potential contaminant sources, and their proximity to the well; and the physical integrity of the well; this well has been determined to have a MEDIUM susceptibility to contamination.