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Publications and Materials
Below are selected publications and materials related to violence. Please note the
year of publication may be later than the year(s) the data represent.
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2008 Publications and Materials
2007 Publications and Materials
2006 Publications and Materials
2005 Publications and Materials
2004 Publications and Materials
2003 Publications and Materials
2002 Publications and Materials
2001 Publications and Materials
Related
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2008 Publications and Materials
Break the
Silence: Stop the Violence (8/7/08)
It may shock you to know that one out of every eleven teens reports being
hit or physically hurt by a boyfriend or girlfriend in the past twelve
months. But why is that, and how can we change it? In "Break The Silence:
Stop the Violence," parents talk with teens about developing healthy,
respectful relationships before they start dating.
Preventing Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence (IPV/SV) in
Racial/Ethnic Minority Communities: CDC's Demonstration Projects
(8/7/08)
This publication describes approaches and highlights challenges and lessons
learned in the development, implementation, and evaluation of IPV/SV
prevention programs for racial/ethnic minority populations.
Adverse
Health Conditions and Health Risk Behaviors Associated with Intimate Partner
Violence- United States, 2005 (3/26/08)
This report indicated that persons who report having experienced IPV during
their lifetimes also are more likely to report current adverse health
conditions and health risk behaviors.
Sexual Violence
Facts at a Glance
(3/26/08)
Learn more about who is impacted by sexual violence, health disparities,
injuries, and treatment.
Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence Victimization Assessment
Instruments for Use in Healthcare Settings (3/26/08)
This publication includes a comprehensive inventory of assessment tools that
will help practitioners identify victims of intimate partner violence and
sexual violence victimization in clinical/healthcare settings and make
appropriate referrals for additional services.
2007 Publications and Materials
Adolescent Aggression No Longer Limited to the School Yard
(12/20/07)
Text messaging, chat rooms, and social networking websites have
allowed youth to easily develop relationships, some with people they
have never met in person. Youth can use electronic media to
embarrass, harass or threaten their peers. Increasing numbers of
adolescents are becoming victims of this new form of violence.
Rape Prevention and
Education Grant Program (10/9/07)
The rape prevention and education grant program strengthens sexual violence
prevention efforts by supporting increased awareness, education and
training, and the operation of hotlines.
The Cost
of Violence in the United States (7/27/07)
The total costs associated with nonfatal injuries and deaths due to violence
in 2000 were more than $70 billion. Interpersonal violence, such as
homicide, child maltreatment, youth violence, intimate partner violence,
sexual violence, and other types of assaults, cost Americans $37 billion.
This fact sheet describes violence-related injury in the United States and
lists three ways to reduce the economic burden of violence-related injuries.
Choose Respect
(7/27/07)
Choose Respect is an initiative to help adolescents form healthy
relationships to prevent dating abuse before it starts. This national effort
is designed to motivate adolescents to challenge harmful beliefs about
dating abuse and take steps to form respectful relationships.
2006 Publications and Materials
Measuring Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration: A
Compendium of Assessment Tools
(11/29/06)http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/Compendium/
Measuring_IPV_Victimization_and_Perpetration.htm
This compendium provides researchers and prevention specialists with a set
of assessment tools with demonstrated reliability and validity for measuring
the self-reported incidence and prevalence of intimate partner violence
victimization and perpetration.
Homicides
and Suicides: National Violent Death Reporting System- United States,
2003-2004 (8/1/06)http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5526a1.htm
This report describes the analysis of violent deaths from 13
states. Homicide circumstance information revealed that most victims knew
the suspects involved and that intimate partner conflicts continued to be
among the most important contributing factors. Suicide circumstance
information indicated that mental health disorders and intimate partner
problems had important roles.
Physical Dating Violence among High School Students- United States, 2003 (6/19/06)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5519a3.htm
CDC analyzed the prevalence of physical dating violence (PDV) victimization
among high school students. The results indicated that 8.9% of students
(8.9% of males and 8.8% of females) reported PDV victimization during the 12
months preceding the survey and that students reporting PDV victimization
were more likely to engage in four of five risk behaviors.
Choosing
Respect: Developing Healthy Relationships to Prevent Dating Abuse
(6/19/06)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/DatingViolence.htm
Choose Respect is a nationwide effort to prevent dating abuse before it
starts. It encourages adolescents to form healthy relationships with others
before they even start to date.
CDCynergy:
Violence Prevention Edition (4/24/06)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/CDCynergy/CDCynergy.htm
CDCynergy is designed to help violence prevention program planners conceptualize,
plan, and develop health communication programs. This edition of CDCynergy
is ideal for those interested in developing prevention programs on the
issues of child abuse, intimate partner violence, sexual violence, and
youth violence. CDCynergy’s six phases will help you plan a well-designed
health communication plan tailored to the specific needs of your selected
violence issue and audience.
Sexual Violence Prevention: Beginning the Dialogue (3/30/06)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/SVPrevention.htm
Sexual violence is a serious public health problem with extensive short- and
long-term health consequences. Sexual Violence Prevention: Beginning the
Dialogue identifies concepts and strategies that may be used as a foundation
for planning, implementing, and evaluating sexual violence prevention
activities.
2005 Publications and Materials
Study Documents High Costs and Impact of Intimate Partner Violence
(Press Release) (10/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r051025.htm
The study, published in the journal Violence and Victims, found the health
care costs associated with each incident were $948 in cases where women
were the victims and $387 in cases where men were the victims. The study
also found that domestic violence against women results in more emergency
room visits and inpatient hospitalizations, including greater use of
physician services than domestic violence where men are the victims.
Intimate
Partner Violence Injuries– Oklahoma, 2002 (10/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5441a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5441.pdf
To determine the magnitude of the intimate partner violence (IPV) problem
in Oklahoma, including IPV-related injuries and medical service utilization,
researchers analyzed injury surveillance data from emergency department
(ED) medical records and data from the Oklahoma Women's Health Survey
(OWHS). This report summarizes the findings, which indicated that, during
2002 in Oklahoma, approximately 16% of all ED visits for assaults were
for IPV injuries, including 35% of assault visits among females and 3%
of assault visits among males. In addition, results of the OWHS for 2001-2003
indicated that 5.9% of surveyed Oklahoma women aged 18-44 years sustained
an IPV injury during the preceding year. Overall, IPV resulted in a substantial
number of injuries, particularly to women, many of whom required treatment
in EDs.
Domestic Violence Prevention Enhancement
and Leadership Through Alliances (DELTA) (9/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/DELTA/default.htm
The Domestic Violence Prevention Enhancement and Leadership Through Alliances (DELTA) program seeks to reduce the incidence
(i.e. number of new cases) of intimate partner violence (IPV) in funded communities. Through a variety of
activities, the program addresses the entire continuum of IPV from episodic violence to battering.
Adverse Childhood Experiences
Study (7/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/NCCDPHP/ACE/
The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study is one of the largest
investigations ever conducted on the links between childhood maltreatment
and later-life health and well-being. As a collaboration between the CDC and
Kaiser Permanente’s Health Appraisal Clinic in San Diego, Health Maintenance
Organization members undergoing a comprehensive physical examination
provided detailed information about their childhood experience of abuse,
neglect, and family dysfunction. Over 17,000 members chose to participate.
The ACE Study findings suggest that these experiences are major risk factors
for the leading causes of illness and death as well as poor quality of life
in the United States.
Hidden Problem of Child Abuse (4/30/05)
http://publicbroadcasting.net/wabe/news.newsmain?action=article&ARTICLE_
ID=740174 (Non-CDC site)
Listen to the interview between CDC'S Jim Mercy and WABE-FM’s Ted Vigodsky.
Link provided courtesy of WABE-FM.
Truth about Rape
(3/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/The%20Truth%20About%20Rape%20Final.pdf
This two-pager lists eight myths and truths about rape.
Developing Healthy Relationships: Talking Points
(3/30/05)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/Healthy%20Relationship%20Messages%20
Final.pdf
This page provides talking points to help you or your organization talk
about sexual assault prevention in the context of healthy relationships.
Although these talking points support 2005 Sexual Assault Awareness Month
efforts, they can be used at any time to talk about the importance of
healthy relationships and preventing sexual assault.
2004 Publications and Materials
Violence-Related Behaviors
among High School Students- United States, 1991-2003
(7/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5329a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5329.pdf
This report summarizes the results of an analysis from the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which indicated that most violence-related
behaviors decreased during 1991-2003; however, students increasingly were likely to miss school because they felt too unsafe to attend. Not going
to school because of safety concerns increased significantly among female, white, and 11th-grade students. No significant changes were detected
during 1993-2003 among male, black, Hispanic, 9th/10th-, and 12th-grade students.
Violence on the Job
Resources and Recommendations (7/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/updates/upd-06-30-04.html
A new training and educational DVD from CDC’s National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health provides employers, employees, safety
professionals, and others with recommendations and resources for preventing work-related homicides and assaults.
Addressing Violence Against Women: Results from a National Survey of
Title X Family Planning Providers
(4/30/04)
http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/Products&Pubs/PDFs/IVPnewsletter508.pdf
This publication presents findings from the National Survey of Title X-Supported Family Planning Clinics and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Study
and provides background information to help clinic staff interpret the data and determine how IPV can be addressed in their setting. Although
incorporating IPV screening and intervention into clinical settings can be challenging, these efforts can be critical in improving the lives of
women who experience violence.
2003 Publications and Materials
First Reports
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Strategies for Preventing Violence: Early Childhood Home Visitation and Firearms Laws; Findings from the Task
Force on Community Preventive Services
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5214a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5214.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r031002.htm
Telebriefing
http://www.cdc.gov/media/transcripts/t031002.htm
The Task Force conducted a systematic review of scientific evidence concerning the effectiveness of early childhood home visitation for preventing
several forms of violence: violence by the visited child against self or others; violence against the child (i.e., maltreatment [abuse or
neglect]); other violence by the visited parent; and intimate partner violence. On the basis of strong evidence of effectiveness, the Task Force
recommends early childhood home visitation for the prevention of child abuse and neglect.
Public Health and
Aging: Nonfatal Physical Assault-Related Injuries Among Persons Aged >60 Years Treated in Hospital Emergency Departments - United States, 2001
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5234a2.htm
PDF (p. 812)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5234.pdf
CDC analyzed data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program, which indicate that approximately 33,000 persons
aged >60 years in the United States were treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs) for nonfatal assault-related injuries in 2001, with
injuries occurring disproportionately among persons aged 60-69 years. The majority (55.4%) of adults aged >60 years who were examined in EDs were
men. Older adults were at similar risk for being assaulted at home (25.9%) compared with a public area (27.5%). The types of injuries sustained
were primarily contusion/abrasion (31.9%), laceration (21.1%), and fracture (12.7%). Compared with persons aged 20-59 years, a greater proportion
of older assault victims were women, had fractures and were hospitalized at the time of diagnosis; however, these differences were not
statistically significant.
Monitoring Child
Neglect: Meeting Report (Summary)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/neglect_meeting.pdf
Child Maltreatment Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/cmfacts.htm
In 2002, two groups with different perspectives about child neglect met to discuss measurement issues related to public health surveillance of
this complex problem. Highlights from each of the presentations and discussions are provided in this summary. The meeting began with an overview
of the public health approach to surveillance and brief descriptions of pilot state surveillance programs. This was followed by discussion of the
following topics: the ideal, what we'd like to know; limitations and obstacles; uses of child neglect surveillance data; and next steps. Female
children account for slightly more than half of child maltreatment victims. In 2000, 60% of child maltreatment perpetrators were women.
Costs of Intimate
Partner Violence Against Women in the United States
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/ipv_cost/ipv.htm
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r030428.htm
Congress funded CDC to conduct a study to obtain national estimates of the occurrence of IPV-related injuries, to estimate their costs to the
health care system, and to recommend strategies to prevent IPV and its consequences. The health-related costs of rape, physical assault, stalking,
and homicide by intimate partners exceed $5.8 billion each year. Of this total, nearly $4.1 billion are for direct medical and mental health care
services and productivity losses account for nearly $1.8 billion. This report describes briefly the development of the requested study; presents
findings for the estimated incidence, prevalence, and costs of nonfatal and fatal IPV; identifies future research needs; highlights CDC's research
priorities for IPV prevention.
2002 Publications and Materials
Sexual Violence
Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/sv_surveillance/sv.htm
To address the issue of lack of consistency in the use of terminology and data elements for sexual violence, CDC’s Injury Center, through
extensive consultations with researchers and practitioners, has developed Sexual Violence Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended
Data Elements, Version 1.0. These recommendations are crucial for standardizing definitions and data elements for sexual violence
surveillance. Better quality and timely incidence and prevalence estimates can be useful for a wide audience, including policymakers, researchers,
public health practitioners, victim advocates, service providers, and media professionals.
World Report on
Violence and Health
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5140a7.htm
PDF (p. 908)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5140.pdf
WHO Web Site http://www5.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/main.cfm?s=0009
(Non-CDC site)
This is the World Health Organization (WHO) released the World Report on Violence and Health. The report is the first comprehensive review
of the problem of violence on a global scale. The goals of the report are to highlight the crucial role that public health has to play in
addressing the causes and consequences of violence, to make the case that violence is preventable, and to raise awareness about the problem of
violence globally. Violence is among the leading causes of death among people aged 15-44 years worldwide, accounting for 7 percent of deaths among
females. In addition to death and disability, violence contributes to a variety of other health consequences, including depression, alcohol and
substance abuse, smoking, eating and sleeping disorders, and HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.
Violence: Occupational
Hazards in Hospitals
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/2002-101.html#intro
Summary Update
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/riskassault.html
The purpose of this brochure is to increase worker and employer awareness of the risk factors for violence in hospitals and to provide strategies
for reducing exposure to these factors. Workplace violence ranges from offensive or threatening language to homicide. Recent data indicate that
hospital workers are at high risk for experiencing violence in the workplace. Although anyone working in a hospital may become a victim of
violence, nurses and aides who have the most direct contact with patients are at higher risk. Other hospital personnel at increased risk of
violence include emergency response personnel, hospital safety officers, and all health care providers. Several studies indicate that violence
often takes place during times of high activity and interaction with patients, such as at meal times and during visiting hours and patient
transportation. Assaults may occur when service is denied, when a patient is involuntarily admitted, or when a health care worker attempts to set
limits on eating, drinking, or tobacco or alcohol use. All hospitals should develop a comprehensive violence prevention program.
Variation in
Homicide Risk During Infancy - United States, 1989-1998
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5109a3.htm
PDF (p. 187)
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5109.pdf
Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/fs020308.htm
This report summarizes the results of an analysis of death certificate data, which indicated that risk for infant homicide is greatest on the day
of birth. Among homicides on the first day of life, 95% of the victims are not born in a hospital. Among homicides during the first week of life,
89% of known perpetrators are female, usually the mother. Mothers who kill their infants are more likely to be adolescents and have a history of
mental illness. Homicide is the 15th leading cause of death during the first year of life (i.e., infancy) in the United States. In addition, the
risk for homicide is greater in infancy than in any other year of childhood before age 17 years and is greatest during the first 4 months of life.
Efforts to prevent infant homicides should focus on early infancy.
2001 Publications and Materials
Surveillance of
Homicide Among Intimate Partners - United States, 1981 -1998
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5003a1.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5003.pdf
Press Release
http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r011011.htm
Among females, approximately 1 in 3 homicides are intimate partner homicides. Homicide is among the six leading causes of death for persons aged
1-44 years and accounts for approximately 18,000 deaths annually in the United States. The majority of homicides are committed by persons known to
the victim.
Injuries from Violent
Crime, 1992-98
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/ivc98.htm (Non-CDC site)
This report presents data from the redesigned National Crime Victimization Survey, examining injuries as a result of violent victimizations. This
report was a joint effort of the CDC and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), U.S. Department of Justice. It describes the nature and severity
of injuries caused by rape, robbery, and aggravated and simple assault, comparing victims' injuries by characteristics of the victim and offender
including relationship, age, sex, and race/ethnicity. The report also compares the likelihood of an injury from a violent crime by characteristics
of the incident such as time of day, location, victim's activity, and the presence of weapons. The percentages of victims informing police and
receiving medical care are also examined by severity of injury.
Evaluation of a Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Program-Vermont, 1995-1997
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5005a2.htm
PDF
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5005.pdf
Public health campaigns have targeted adults to prevent drinking and driving, smoking, and HIV transmission. However, adults have not been
targeted to prevent child sexual abuse. STOP IT NOW!'s innovative social marketing campaign challenges abusers and people who know abusers to stop
child sexual abuse. One measure of the pilot media and outreach campaign's success in Vermont is whether people who abuse would seek out help
without a report from a victim. Over two years 50 persons self-disclosed sexual abusing behaviors without a victim report. The data of this report
indicates that some adults who abuse will voluntarily turn themselves in for treatment and some parents will intervene to seek help for their
children with sexual behavior problems even without a victim report. Programs that target abusers and people who know abusers may offer new
prevention strategies.
Violence: Women’s Health Topics A-Z
http://www.cdc.gov/women/az/violence.htm
View women’s health resources related to violence.
Injury: Women’s Health Topics A-Z
http://www.cdc.gov/women/az/injury.htm
View women’s health resources related to injury.
Fact Sheet:
Intimate Partner Violence
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/ipvfacts.htm
Learn more about intimate partner violence.
Fact Sheet:
Sexual Violence
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/SV/default.htm
Learn more about sexual violence.
Fast Stats A-Z:
Assault/Homicide Statistics
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/homicide.htm
View data and statistics on assault and homicide.
Injury Prevention and Control
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc
Learn more about injury prevention and control.
Safety Tips for
You and Your Family
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/ipvtips.htm
Like all violence, intimate partner violence perpetration is a learned
behavior that can be changed or prevented. Learn safety tips for you and
your family.
Violence Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/dvp.htm
Learn more about violence in the United States and CDC's related activities
and publications.
Violence
and Reproductive Health
http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/wh_violence.htm
Learn about key activities related to violence and reproductive health.
Federal and other programs are highlighted, as they may be important to
public health professionals concerned about preventing violence that is
associated with pregnancy-related illness, injury, and death.
This site contains documents in PDF format. You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader
to access the file. If you do not have the Acrobat Reader, you may download a
free copy from the
Adobe Web site.
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This page last reviewed August 7, 2008
URL: http://www.cdc.gov/women/pubs/violence.htm
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Office of Women's Health
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