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|
Research
Molecular Epidemiology of
O139 Vibrio cholerae: Mutation, Lateral Gene Transfer, and Founder
Flush
Pallavi Garg,*† Antonia Aydanian,‡ David Smith,‡ J. Glenn Morris,
Jr.,‡ G. Balakrish Nair,*† and O. Colin Stine‡
*National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta, India;
†International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Dacca, Bangladesh;
and ‡University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Appendix (online only)
Sample number, year of
collection, allele at each of nine loci, and sequence type (ST) for
each isolate of Vibrio cholerae O139a |
|
Isolate
|
Y
|
dnaE
|
lap
|
rstR
|
gmd
|
recA
|
pgm
|
gyr
|
chi
|
ST
|
|
SG20
|
1992
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
SG18
|
1992
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
SG22
|
1992
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
SG16
|
1992
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
i
|
1
|
SG25
|
1992
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
i
|
1
|
SG19
|
1992
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
SG21
|
1992
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
i
|
3
|
SG17
|
1992
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
8
|
SG24
|
1992
|
1
|
1
|
11
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
33
|
CO0006
|
1993
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
CO0285
|
1993
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
CO0024
|
1993
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
CO0005
|
1993
|
i
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
13
|
CO0009
|
1993
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
17
|
CO0046
|
1993
|
1
|
i
|
8
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
26
|
CO0054
|
1993
|
1
|
10
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
32
|
CO0318
|
1993
|
1
|
1
|
7
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
37
|
CO0292
|
1993
|
1
|
11
|
6
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
41
|
CO0480
|
1994
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
CO0504
|
1994
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
CO0508
|
1994
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
CO0700
|
1994
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
CO0788
|
1994
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
CO0771
|
1994
|
1
|
1
|
7
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
20
|
CO0444
|
1994
|
1
|
1
|
7
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
20
|
CO0529
|
1994
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
7
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
21
|
CO0481
|
1994
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
10
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
31
|
CO0575
|
1994
|
1
|
1
|
9
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
35
|
CO0716
|
1994
|
5
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
7
|
1
|
1
|
36
|
CO0698
|
1994
|
6
|
i
|
8
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
38
|
CO0904
|
1995
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
CO0866
|
1995
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
CO1093
|
1995
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
CO1072
|
1995
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
AM064
|
1995
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
AM028
|
1995
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
12
|
CO0842
|
1995
|
1
|
9
|
i
|
9
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
42
|
CO1003
|
1995
|
1
|
12
|
7
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
44
|
AM011
|
1995
|
1
|
19
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
48
|
AS011
|
1995
|
2
|
16
|
1
|
6
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
50
|
AM228
|
1996
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
AM229
|
1996
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
AS192
|
1996
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
AS199
|
1996
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
AS224
|
1996
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
AM220
|
1996
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
AS212
|
1996
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
4
|
AM254
|
1996
|
4
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
9
|
AM216
|
1996
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
11
|
AS239
|
1996
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
14
|
AM233
|
1996
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
8
|
1
|
1
|
28
|
AS248
|
1996
|
1
|
18
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
45
|
AS238
|
1996
|
1
|
14
|
1
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
46
|
AM282
|
1997
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
AM355
|
1997
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
AS440
|
1997
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
AS514
|
1997
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
AS622
|
1997
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
AS365
|
1997
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
AS616
|
1997
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
22
|
AS468
|
1997
|
1
|
13
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
40
|
AS377
|
1997
|
3
|
15
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
43
|
AS630
|
1997
|
1
|
17
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
47
|
AM263
|
1997
|
1
|
20
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
49
|
PG138
|
1998
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
PG235
|
1998
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
PG340
|
1998
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
PG352
|
1998
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
PL182
|
1998
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
PG175
|
1998
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
7
|
PL003
|
1998
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
12
|
PG064
|
1998
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
16
|
PG178
|
1998
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
23
|
PG030
|
1998
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
24
|
PG279
|
1998
|
9
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
30
|
PG266
|
1998
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
11
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
34
|
NAC190
|
1999
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
NAC203
|
1999
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
NAC241
|
1999
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
NLC20
|
1999
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
NLC33
|
1999
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
NLC44
|
1999
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
NLC39
|
1999
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
NAC11
|
1999
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
NAC153
|
1999
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
NAC171
|
1999
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
16
|
NLC21
|
1999
|
i
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
6
|
1
|
1
|
18
|
NLC64
|
1999
|
8
|
4
|
1
|
5
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
39
|
CRC165
|
2000
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
CRC018
|
2000
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
10
|
CRC147
|
2000
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
15
|
CRC116
|
2000
|
1
|
6
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
19
|
CRC106
|
2000
|
i
|
7
|
1
|
i
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
25
|
CRC150
|
2000
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
8
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
27
|
CRC102
|
2000
|
1
|
8
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
29
|
CRC005
|
2000
|
7
|
5
|
10
|
i
|
2
|
5
|
4
|
4
|
51
|
|
ai,
inferred ancestral allele, 1. |
|