"Table 4-29:  Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light-Duty Vehiclesa,b (Grams per mile)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Engine type and pollutant,Prior to controld,1968-1969,1970-1971,1972,1973-1974,1975-1976,1977-1979,1980,1981,1982-1986,1987-1993,Tier 1i           1994-2003b,,Interim Tier 2i  2004-2006,,Tier 2i 2007+,,,
Gasoline,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
HC (total),11,g,2.2,3.4,3.4,1.5,1.5,0.41,0.41,0.41,0.41,0.41,(h),h,h,h,h,,
NMHC,e,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,0.25,(0.31),h,h,h,h,,
NMOG,e,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,0.125,(0.156),0.100,(0.125),,
CO,80,g,23,39,39,15,15,7.0,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.4,(4.2),3.4,(4.2),3.4,(4.2),,
Cold-temp. COc,e,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,10,(h),10,(h),10,(h),,
NOx,4,h,h,h,3.0,3.1,2.0,2.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,0.4,(0.6),0.4,(0.6),0.14,(0.20),,
Particulates,e,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,0.08,(0.10),0.08,(0.08),0.02,(0.02),,
Formaldehyde,e,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,0.015,(0.018),0.015,(0.018),,
Diesel,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
HC (total),11,h,h,h,h,1.5,1.5,0.41,0.41,0.41,0.41,0.41,(h),h,h,h,h,,
NMHC,e,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,0.25,(0.31),h,h,h,h,,
NMOG,e,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,(0.156),0.100,(0.125),,
CO,80,h,h,h,h,15,15,7.0,3.4,3.4,3.4,3.4,(4.2),h,(4.2),3.4,(4.2),,
NOx,4,h,h,h,h,3.1,2.0,2.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,(1.25),h,(0.6),0.14,(0.20),,,,
Particulates,e,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,0.60,0.20,0.08,(0.10),h,(0.10),0.02,(0.02),,,,
Formaldehyde,e,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,(0.018),0.015,(0.018),,,,
Test procedure,,7-mode,,CVS-72,,CVS-75,CVS-75,CVS-75,CVS-75,CVS-75,CVS-75,CVS-75,CVS-75,CVS-75,CVS-75,CVS-75,CVS-75,,,,
"Useful life, intermediateb,d (full)",,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,h,"5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles",,,,
"Useful life, intermediateb,d (full)",,"5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","5 years/50,000 miles","10 years/100,000 miles","10 years/100,000 miles","10 years/100,000 miles","10 years/100,000 miles","10 years/120,000 miles","10 years/120,000 miles",,,,
KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; CVS = constant volume sampler; HC = hydrocarbons; NMHC = non-methane hydrocarbons; NMOG = nonmethane organic gases; NOx = nitrogen oxides.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"a The test procedure for measuring exhaust emissions has changed several times over the course of vehicle emissions regulations.  The 7-mode procedure was used through model year 1971 and was replaced by the CVS-72 procedure beginning in model year 1972.  The CVS-75 procedure became the test procedure as of model year 1975.  While it may appear that the total HC and CO standards were relaxed in 1972-74, these standards were actually more stringent due to the more stringent nature of the CVS-72 test procedure.  Additional standards for CO and composite standards for NMHC and NOx tested under the new Supplemental Federal Test Procedure will be phased-in beginning with model year 2000; these standards are not shown in this table.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"b All emissions standards must be met for a useful life of 5 years/50,000 miles.  Beginning with model year 1994, a second set of emissions standards must also be met for a full useful life of 10 years/100,000 miles; these standards are shown in parentheses. Tier 1 exhaust standards were phased-in during 1994-96 at a rate of 40%, 80%, and 100%, respectively.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"c The cold CO emissions standard is measured at 20 0F (rather than 75 0F) and is applicable for a 5-year/50,000-mile useful life.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"d The ""Prior to control"" column reports emissions estimates of a typical newly manufactured car in the years before exhaust emissions certification standards were implemented.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
e No estimate available.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"f Manufacturers can opt to certify vehicles for a full useful life of 15 years/150,000 miles and have either 1) intermediate useful life standards waived or 2) receive additional NOx credits.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"g In 1968-69, exhaust emissions standards were issued in parts per million rather than grams per mile and are, therefore, incompatible with this table.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
h No standard has been set.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"I The term ""tier"" refers to a level of standards and is associated with specific years.  Interim Tier 2 refers to an intermediate level of standards that move manufacturers toward compliance with Tier 2 standards.   Interim Tier 2 and Tier 2 standards are established as ""bins.""  Each bin is a set of standards for NOx, CO, NMOG, formaldehyde, and particulate matter; HC and NMHC standards are dropped for Tier 2 and Interim Tier 2.  Manufacturers may certify any given vehicle family to any of the bins available for that vehicle class as long as the resulting sales-weight corporate average NOx standard is met for the full useful life of the vehicle.  The Tier 2 corporate average NOx standard is 0.07 grams/mile.  Interim corporate-based average NOx standards are based on vehicle type.  The interim sales-weighted average for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) is 9.3 grams/mile.  For LDVs, Tier 2 standards will be phased in at a rate of 25% in 2004, 50% in 2005, 75% in 2006, and 100% in 2007.  During this period, all LDVs not meeting the Tier 2 standards must meet Interim Tier 2 standards.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
SOURCES,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"40 CFR 86, Subpart A (July 1, 2000).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 28, pp. 6851-6858.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,