TAXONOMIC INFORMATION IN
GRIN
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS IN GRIN
TAXONOMY
(See also the Database
of Botanical Taxonomic Categories on the Mansfeld server of
IPK Gatersleben, Germany for further information on various taxonomic
ranks.)
× denotes a cross between two species (e.g.,
Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum halepense), a binomial for a
hybrid (e.g., S. ×almum), or an intergeneric hybrid
(e.g., ×Triticosecale).
= follows synonyms and precedes their accepted
names; also precedes hybrid formula of hybrids, alternative accepted
cultivar names, or other alternative accepted names in literature
citations.
=~ precedes probable generic synonyms that
are treated as synonyms in GRIN but may be accepted elsewhere.
~ precedes possible generic synonyms that
are accepted in GRIN but treated as synonyms elsewhere.
≡ indicates homotypic synonymy, i.e. based
on the same type as the accepted name, as per a basionym.
aggr. aggregate, an informal grouping of related
species.
Amer. American.
anon. anonymous.
auct. auctorum (Latin): of authors. Used
to represent the preponderant incorrect usage of a name that has been
widely misapplied.
auct. mult. auctorum multorum (Latin): of
many authors. Used to represent a common incorrect usage of a name that
has been widely misapplied.
auct. nonn. auctorum nonnullorum (Latin):
of some authors. Used to represent an occasional incorrect usage of a name
that has been sometimes misapplied.
auct. pl. auctorum plurimorum (Latin): of
most authors. Used to represent the preponderant incorrect usage of a name
that has been widely misapplied.
c. central.
cult. cultivated, cultivation.
cum (Latin): with, together with.
cv. cultivar, a taxonomic rank applied to
cultivated plants under the International Code of Nomenclature for
Cultivated Plants1995 (Trehane et al., 1995).
e. east, e.-c. east-central.
Eur. European.
f. forma, one of the lowest taxonomic ranks; or,
when following an author, filius (Latin): son (e.g., L. f.: son of
Linnaeus).
fide (Latin): according to.
hort. hortulanorum (Latin): of
gardeners.
hort. nonn. hortulanorum nonnullorum
(Latin): of some gardeners.
hybr. catch-all designation used in GRIN to
accommodate germplasm of hybrid parentage within a given genus for which
no hybrid binomial exists.
in adnot. in adnotatione(Latin):
in annotation, in a note.
ined. ineditus(Latin): unpublished.
introd. introduced.
n. north, n.-c. north-central,
n.e. northeast, n.w. northwest.
natzd. naturalized.
nom. ambig. nomen ambiguum (Latin):
ambiguous name used in different senses which has become a long-persistent
source of error.
nom. confus. nomen confusum (Latin):
confused name.
nom. cons. nomen conservandum (Latin):
name conserved under
Art. 14
of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) (Greuter et
al., 2000).
nom. dub. nomen dubium (Latin): dubious
name, i.e., application of name uncertain.
nom. illeg. nomen illegitimum (Latin):
illegitimate name according to
Art. 52 or
Art. 53
of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) (Greuter et
al., 2000).
nom. inval. nomen invalidum, nomen non rite
publicatum (Latin): name not validly published according to
Art. 32
of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al.,
2000).
nom. nov. nomen novum (Latin): replacement
name for an older name typified by the type of the older name according to
Art. 7.3
of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al.,
2000).
nom. nud. nomen nudum (Latin): name
published without description or reference to a published description.
nom. rej. nomen rejiciendum (Latin): name
rejected under
Art. 14 or
Art. 56
of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al.,
2000).
nom. superfl. nomen superfluum (Latin):
an illegitimate name that was superfluous when published according to
Art. 52
of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al.,
2000).
notho- (subsp. or var.) prefix to the rank of a
hybrid taxon below the rank of species.
orth. rej. rejected orthographic variant under
Art. 14.11
of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al.,
2000).
orth. var. orthographic variant, i.e., an
incorrect alternate spelling of a name according to
Art. 61
of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al.,
2000).
p.p. pro parte (Latin): in part.
pro hyb. pro hybrida (Latin): as a
hybrid.
prol. proles, a taxonomic rank formerly applied
to cultivated plants and basically equivalent to the current
cultivar-group.
prop. propositus (Latin): proposed.
pro parte (Latin): in part.
pro parte majore (Latin): for the greater
part.
pro parte minore (Latin): for a small part.
pro sp. pro specie (Latin): as a
species.
pro subsp. pro subspecie (Latin): as a
subspecies.
pro syn. pro synonymo (Latin): as a
synonym.
s. south, s.-c. south-central, s.e.
southeast, s.w. southwest.
sensu (Latin): in the sense of.
spp. catch-all designation used in GRIN to
accommodate germplasm of an unidentified or unnamed species in a given
genus.
subsp. subspecies, a lower taxonomic rank than
species.
typo excl. typo excluso (Latin): with
the type excluded.
typo incl. typo incluso (Latin): with
the type included.
var. variety, a taxonomic rank below subspecies
and above forma.
w. west, w.-c. west-central.
Cite as: USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program.
Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville,
Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/paper.pl?language=en&chapter=symb (15 September 2008)
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