TAXONOMIC INFORMATION IN
GRIN
CONTENT OF GRIN TAXONOMY
Several types of data records are contained in GRIN
TAXONOMY. These include accepted or synonymic
scientific names, common names, distributions, literature references, and
economic impacts. Each of these is discussed below, and the number of
records currently in GRIN relating to each type is indicated.
SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Accepted name records are searchable at the level of
family and genus or
species and infraspecies. The generic records include a complete
listing of the 14,118 accepted spermatophyte genera in the world and an
additional 12,339 synonym genera. For each genus the author
is cited in accordance with Articles 46-50 of the ICBN (Greuter et al.,
2000), and conserved or rejected names are indicated. The family to which
each genus is assigned is provided, and any alternative family
classifications in current use are indicated. For genera whose acceptance
is doubtful or disputed an alternatively accepted genus may be indicated.
Many genera are provided with literature references documenting their
acceptance or family placement in GRIN, a recent taxonomic revision or
monograph, or recent molecular-based phylogenetic study of the genus.
Nomenclatural comments are provided for problem genera. An increasing
number of genera (and families) now have infrageneric (or infrafamilial)
classification data present in GRIN, with the subordinate species (or
genera) linked to the appropriate infrageneric (or infrafamilial)
category. The generic and family data in GRIN are derived from USDA
Technical Bulletin 1796 (Gunn et al., 1992), Families and genera of
spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service.
Generic and family concepts in that publication were formulated with the
aid of over 200 taxonomic specialists. Family and generic data continue
to be periodically updated from current literature, and have been expanded
to include pteridophytes.
Species and subspecific records now total 54,030
accepted and 35,353 synonym names in GRIN. Binomials (74,970),
trinomials (14,420), and quadrinomials (242) are included among
these. All such names
are assigned a unique identifying number in GRIN, the nomen number or
"taxno." Names can be queried using these numbers at GRIN TAXONOMY's
simple query option. The inclusion of
infraspecific names for a given species is selective and not necessarily
exhaustive. Each name at whatever rank is accompanied by author and place
of original publication. Comments relating to nomenclatural matters,
parentage for hybrid taxa, or alternative cultivar-group names under the
cultivated code (Trehane et al., 1995) are provided for many names.
Author abbreviations conform to the international standard reference
Authors of Plant Names (Brummitt and Powell, 1992) and its updated
on-line version. Nonserial
botanical works (pre-1950) have been abbreviated according to the standard
reference Taxonomic Literature (Stafleu and Cowan, 1976-1988) and
its supplements (Stafleu and Mennega, 1992-1997), and publication dates
have been verified using that work. Serial publications are abbreviated
according to Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum and its
Supplementum (Lawrence et al., 1968; Bridson and Smith, 1991).
Each nomenclature record, as well as most other record
types, contains the date of and individual responsible for the most recent
modification. Since a change could be strictly editorial, a special field
also indicates if the name itself has been verified recently. Usage of
GRIN taxonomic information should be confined to records which have been
verified. Currently all generic names and about 91.5% of species and
infraspecific names meet this criterion. Since revisions of GRIN
TAXONOMY formerly proceeded on a family-by-family
basis, certain families are more thoroughly treated than others,
particularly those with important crop genera. An example is the
Fabaceae, for which the GRIN data were extensively reviewed and published
as USDA Technical Bulletin 1757, Legume (Fabaceae) nomenclature in the
USDA germplasm system (Wiersema et al., 1990).
Cite as: USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program.
Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville,
Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/paper.pl?language=en&chapter=scient (15 September 2008)
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