5.7 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

5.7.1 Chemical Agents and Dusts

5.7.1.1 Asbestos

NIOSH (1977). Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to asbestos (revised). Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 77-169.

NIOSH (1980). Test for screening asbestos. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 80-110.

NIOSH (1981). Workplace exposure to asbestos. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 81-103.

5.7.1.2 Chemical Disinfectants

Benson WG (1984). Case report--exposure to glutaraldehyde. Journal of the Society for Occupational Medicine 34(2):63-64. NIOSH (1976). Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to chlorine. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 76-170.

5.7.1.3 Drugs (Pharmaceuticals)

Anderson RW, Puckett WH Jr, et al. (1982). Risk of handling injectable anti-neoplastic agents. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 39 (11):1881-1887.

Grove WR, Finley RS (1981). Assessment of videotapes on handling cytotoxic agents. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 41(10):1914-1922.

Harrison BR (1981). Developing guidelines for working with anti-neoplastic drugs. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 38(11):1686-1693.

Hospital Pharmacy (1981). Guidelines for Safe Handling of Cytotoxic Drugs in Pharmacy Departments and Hospital Wards. Hospital Pharmacy 35:16-17, 20.

Jones RB, Frank R. et al. (1983). Safe handling of chemotherapeutic agents: a report from the Mount Sinai Medical Center. Cancer 33(5):258-263.

NIH (1981). Guidelines for the Laboratory Use of Chemical Carcinogens. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Health, DHHS (NIH) Publication No. 81-2385.

NIOSH (1984). Occupational exposure to cancer chemotherapeutic agents in pharmacists and nurses: summary report, NIOSH industrywide study. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NTIS No. PB 84-181-486.

Provost GJ (1984). Legal issues associated with the handling of cytotoxic drugs. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 41(6):1115-1121.

Siminowitz J (1983). Guidelines for preparation and administration of anti-neoplastic drugs. San Francisco, CA: State of California Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Vainio H (1982). Inhalation anesthetics, anti-cancer drugs and sterilants as chemical hazards in hospitals. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 8(2):94-107.

5.7.1.4 Ethylene Oxide

American Hospital Association t1982). Ethylene oxide use in hospitals: a manual for health care personnel. Chicago, IL: The Association.

American Hospital Association (1981). Ethylene oxide use in hospitals: a manual for health care personnel. Chicago, IL: The Association.

Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (1982). Ethylene oxide training manual. Arlington, VA: The Association.

Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (1981). Good hospital practice: ventilation recommendations and safety use. Arlington, VA: The Association.

Daley WJ, Morse WA, et al. (1979). Ethylene oxide control in hospitals. Chicago, IL: American Society for Hospital Central Service Personnel and American Society for Hospital Engineering and American Hospital Association.

Finelli PF, Morgan TF, et al. (1983). Ethylene oxide-induced polyneuropathy: a clinical and electrophysiologic study. Archives of Neurology 40(7):419-421.

Gary VF, Hozier J. et al. (1979). Ethylene oxide: evidence of human chromosomal effects. Environmental Mutagenesis 1(4):375-382.

Glaser ZR (1979). Ethylene oxide: toxicology review and field study results of hospital use. Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology 2(5):173-208.

Landrigan PJ, Meinhardt TJ, et al. (1984). Ethylene oxide: an overview of toxicologic and epidemiologic research. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 6(2):103-115.

NIOSH (1977). Special occupational hazard review with control recommendations: use of ethylene oxide as a sterilant in medical facilities. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DREW (NIOSH) Publication No. 77-200.

NIOSH (1985). In depth survey report: control technology for ethylene oxide sterilization in hospitals. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH Report Nos. 146-13b, 146-15b, 146-17b, and 146-18.

Samuels TM (1981). Local exhaust and cycle purges reduce EtO release. Hospitals 53(3):67-69.

Samuels TM, Eastin M (1980). EtO exposure can be reduced by air system. Hospitals 54(13):66-68.

5.7.1.5 FormaIdehyde

Clark RP (1983). Formaldehyde in pathology department. Journal of Clinical Pathology 36(8):839-846.

Hendrick DJ, Lane DJ (1977). Occupational formalin asthma. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 34(1):11-18.

Jenkins MF (1980). Reducing occupational exposure to formaldehyde in the dialysis Laboratory. Dialysis & Transplantation 9(11):1049-1050.

Loomis TA (1979). Formaldehyde toxicity. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 103:321-324.

Niemela R. Vainio H (1981). Formaldehyde exposure in work and the general environment. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 7(2):95-100. 5.7.1.6 Mercury

Lehmann P (1975). Laboratory safety today. Job Safety and Health 3(5):4-9.

NIOSH (1973). Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to inorganic mercury. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DREW (NIOSH) Publication No. 73-11024.

Noe FE (1959). Mercury as a potential hazard in medical laboratories. New England Journal of Medicine 261(20):1002-1006.

Porter DO (1972). Mercury pollution by tissue fixatives. Archives of Pathology 94(4):279.

5.7.1.7 Methyl Methacrylate Fries IS, Fisher AA, Salvati EA (1975). Contact dermatitis in surgeons from methylmethacrylate bone cement. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 57(4):547-549.

McLaughlin RE, Barkalow JA, et al. (1979). Pulmonary toxicity of methyl methacrylate vapors: an environmental study. Archives of Environmental Health 34(5):336-338.

5.7.1.8 Solvents

NIOSH (1977). Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to refined petroleum solvents. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 77-192.

5.7.1.9 Waste Anesthetic Gases

American Society for Hospital Engineering (1980). Controlling waste anesthetic gases. Chicago, IL: American Hospital Association.

Cohen EN (Ed.) (1980). Anesthetic exposure in the workplace. Littleton, MA: PSG Publishing Company, Inc.

Collins UJ (1966). Principles of anesthesiology. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger.

Corbett TH (1973). Retention of anesthetic agents following occupational exposure. Anesthesia Analgesia 52(4):614-618.

Corbett TH, Ball GL (1973). Respiratory excretion of halothane after clinical and occupational exposure. Anesthesiology 39(3):342-345.

Dahigren BE (1980). Hepatic and renal effects of low concentrations of methoxyflurane in exposed delivery ward personnel. Journal of Occupational Medicine 22(12):817-819.

Edling C (1980). Anesthetic gases as an occupational hazard--a review. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 6(2):85-93.

Fink BR, Cullen BE (1976). Anesthetic pollution: what is happening to us? Anesthesiology 45(1):79-83.

Meyers EF (1980). An effective low-cost scavenging system. Anesthesiology 52(3):277.

NIOSH (1976). Effects of trace concentrations of anesthetic gas on the behavioral performance of operating room personnel. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DREW (NIOSH) Publication No. 76-169.

NIOSH (1977). Control of occupational exposure to nitrous oxide in the dental operatory. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DREW (NIOSH) Publication No. 77-171.

Patterson WE, Craven DE, et al.(1985) Occupational hazards to hospital personnel. Annals of Internal Medicine 102(5):658-680.

Sass-Kortask AM, Wheeler IP, et al. (1981). Exposure of operating room personnel to anaesthetic agents: an examination of the effectiveness of scavenging systems and the importance of maintenance programs. Canadian Anesthesiology Society Journal 28(1):22-28.

Spence AA, Cohen EN, et al. (1977). Occupational hazards for operating room-based physicians. Journal of the American Medical Association 238(9):955-959.

Stopps GJ, McLaughlin M (1967). Psychophysical testing of human subjects exposed to solvent vapors. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 28(1):43-50.

Tomlin PJ (1979). Health problems of anaesthetists and their families in the West Midlands. British Medical Journal 1(6166):779-784.

Vessey UP (1978). Epidemiological studies of the occupational hazards of anesthesia--a review. Anaesthesia 33(5):430-438.

Whitcher CD, Cohen EN, et al. (1971). Chronic exposure to anesthetic gases in the operating room. Anesthesiology 35(4):348-353.

Whitcher CD, Piziali RL (1977). Monitoring occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics. Anesthesia and Analgesia 56(6):778-785.

Whitcher C (1985). Controlling occupational exposure to nitrous oxide. In: Eger El, II, ed. Nitrous oxide/N2O. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co.

5.7.2 Physical Agents

5.7.2.1 Heat

NIOSH (1975). An improved method for monitoring heat stress levels in the workplace. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DREW (NIOSH) Publication No. 75-161.

NIOSH (1981). Proceedings of a NIOSH workshop on recommended heat stress standards. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) 81-108.

5.7.2.2 Noise

Carlson OR (1965). Noise control program is quiet success. Modern Hospital 105(6):82-85.

Falk SA, Woods NF (1973). Hospital noise - levels and potential health hazards. New England Journal of Medicine 289(15):774-781.

Golub S (1969). Noise, the underrated health hazard. RN 32(5):40-45.

Shapiro RA, Berland T (1972). Noise in the operating room. New England Journal of Medicine 287(24):1236-1238.

Sorenson S. Schultz L (1968). Detecting and correcting noises in the hospital. Hospital 42(21):74-80.

Van Wagoner R. Maguire N (1977). A study of hearing loss among employees in a large urban hospital. Canadian Journal of Public Health 68(8):511-512.

5.7.2.3 ionizing Radiation

Anonymous (1977). The handling, storage, use and disposal of unsealed radionuclides in hospitals and medical research establishments. Report No. 25. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.

Anonymous (1979). Fact sheet for nurses: occupational radiation. Austin, TX: Nurse's Environmental Health Watch.

Berger ME, Hubner KF (1983). Hospital hazards: diagnostic radiation. American Journal of Nursing 83 (8):1155-1159.

Braun BJ, Skiendzielewski JJ (1982). Radiation exposure of emergency physicians Annals of Emergency Medicine 11(10):535-540.

Caprio ML (1980). The pregnant x-ray technologist--providing adequate radiation safety for the fetus. Radiology Technology 52(2):161-163.

Cowie DB, Scheele LA (1980). A survey of radiation protection in hospitals. Health Physics 38(6):929-947.

Crosby EN (1972). Comparison of film badges and thermoluminescent dosimeters. Health Physics 23(3):371-375.

Denley HV (1981). Radiation hazard control in hospitals. Training Manual I. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Department of National Health and Welfare, Health Protection Branch, NTIS Publication No. DE 84701857.

EPA (1976). Radiation protection guidance for diagnostic x-rays. Federal Guidance Report No. 9. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Publication No. 520-4-76-019.

Ecker MD, Bramesco NJ (1981). Radiation: all you need to know about it. New York, NY: Vintage.

Electron Microscopy Society of America (1973). Handbook of x-ray safety for electron microscopists. New York, NY: The Society.

Gandsman E, North D, et al. (1984). Update on radiation safety in a nuclear medicine department. Health Physics 46(6):1293-1295.

Gill JR (1980). Radioactive hazards. Laboratory Practice 29(7):737-739.

Houston CS, Fedoruk SO (1981). The radiation hazard in hospitals--a reappraisal. Journal of the Canadian Association of Radiologists 32(2):77-78.

Jankowski CB (1984). Radiation exposure of nurses in a coronary care unit. Heart and Lung 13(1):55-58.

Laughlin JS (1981). Experience with a sustained policy of radiation exposure control and research in a medical center. Health Physics 41(5):709-726.

Liu J. Edwards FM (1979). Radiation exposure to medical personnel during iodine-125 seed implantation of the prostate. Radiology 132(3):748-749.

Marx JL (1979). Low-level radiation: just how bad is it? Science 204(4389):160-164.

Matanoski GM, Seltzer R. et al. (1975). The current mortality rates of radiologists and other physician specialists: deaths from all causes and from cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology 101(3):188-198.

Meyer MB, Tonascia JA (1973). Possible effects of x-ray exposure during fetal life on the subsequent reproductive performance of human females. American Journal of Epidemiology 98(3):151-160.

NCRP (1970). Precautions in the management of patients who have received therapeutic amounts of radionuclides. Washington, DC: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, NCRP Report No. 37.

NCRP (1971). Basic radiation criteria. Washington, DC: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, NCRP Report No. 39.

NCRP (1980). Operational radiation safety program: recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Washington, DC: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, NCRP Report No. 59.

NIH (1978). Radiation safety guide. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, DHEW (NIH) Publication No. 79-18.

NRC (1985). Radiation protection training for personnel employed in medical facilities. Washington, DC: Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, NTIS Publication No. NUREG-1134/XAB.

Purington RG, Patterson W (1977). Handling radiation emergencies. Boston, MA: National Fire Protection Association.

Robertson JO (1976). Guide to radiation protection. New York, NY: Halsted Press/John Wiley.

Rummerfield PS, Rummerfield MJ (1970). What you should know about radiation hazards. American Journal of Nursing 70(4):780-786.

Shapiro J (1981). Radiation protection: a guide for scientists and physicians. 2nd edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Swartz HE, Reichling BA (1978). Hazards of radiation exposure for pregnant women. Journal of the American Medical Association 239(18):1907-1908.

5.7.2.4 Nonionizing Radiation

ACGIH (1981). Guide for control of laser hazards. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

Anonymous (1976). Microwave hazards. Lancet 2(7977):135.

International Radiation Protection Association (1985). Occupational hazards from non-ionising electromagnetic radiation. Occupational Safety and Health Series No. 53. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office.

Lancranjan I, Maicanescu M, et al. (1975). Gonadic function in workmen with long-term exposure to microwaves. Health Physics 29(3):381-383.

McRee Dl (1976). Potential microwave injuries in clinical medicine. Annual Review of Medicine 27:109-115.

NIOSH (1978). Carcinogenic properties of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Volume Il: Microwave and radiofrequency radiation. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DREW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-134.

Sliney OH, Bason FC, et al. (1971). Instrumentation and measurement of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 32(7):415-431.

Sliney OH, Freasier BC (1973). Evaluation of optical radiation hazards. Applied Optics 12(1):1-24.

5.7.2.5 Video Display Terminals

Anonymous (1982). British Columbia hospital workers say symptoms are linked to VDTs. Computing Canada 8(16):18.

Bergman T (1970). Health effects of video display terminals. Occupational Health and Safety 49 (10):24-28, 53-55.

Grandjean E, Vigliani E (ads.) (1980). Ergonomics aspects of video display terminals. London, England: Taylor and Francis, Ltd.

Kendall RM (1983). The Office revolution: health hazards coming into focus. Occupational Hazards 45(10):79-83.

NIOSH (1978). A report on electromagnetic radiation surveys of video display terminals. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-129.

Sauter S. Chapman LJ, et al. (1985). Improving VDT work: causes and control of health concerns in VDT use. Lawrence, Kansas: Ergo Syst.

Sherr S (1982). Video and digital electronic displays: a user's guide. New York, NY: Wiley & Sons.

Smith Jo, Cohen BEG, et al. (1981). An investigation of health complaints and job stress in video display operations. Human Factors 23(4):387-400.

5.7.3 Mutagenic and Teratogenic Agents

Bellin JS (1982). Genes and gender in the workplace. Occupational Health and Safety 51(1):16, 36-37, 40-41, 46.

Dean BJ (1978). Genetic toxicology of benzene, toluene, xylenes and phenols. Mutation Research 47(2):75-97.

Haas JF, Schottenfeld D (1979). Risk to the offspring from parental occupational exposures. Journal of Occupational Medicine 21(9):607-613.

Hricko A, Brunt M (1976). Working for your life: a woman's guide to job health hazards. San Francisco, CA: Labor Occupational Health Program and Public Citizen's Health Research Group.

Hunt VR (1975). Occupational health problems of pregnant women: recommendations for the office of the secretary, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, Order No. SA-5304-75.

NIOSH (1978). Comprehensive bibliography on pregnancy and work. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-132.

NIOSH (1981). Proceedings of a workshop on methodology for assessing reproductive hazards in the workplace. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 81-100.

NIOSH (1983). Report on women pharmaceutical workers and adverse reproductive outcomes. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH Internal Report.

O'Connell RL (1979). Female and fetal responses to toxic exposures. National Safety News 119(8):77-80.

Olivieri AP (1983). Health hazards and legal issues of pregnant hospital workers. Presented at the American Occupational Health Conference, Washington DC, April 28, 1983. New York, NY: Employee Health Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.

Rawls RL (1980). Reproductive hazards in the workplace. Confrontation over issues surrounding genetic protection involves chemical companies, unions, worker's right groups and several government agencies. Chemical and Engineering News 58(6):28-31.

Rawls RL (1980). Reproductive hazards in the workplace. Government and companies are at odds over approaches to worker protection, mainly because of differences in interpretation of the problem. Chemical and Engineering News 58(7):35-37.

Shepard TH (1976). Catalog of teratogenic agents. 2nd edition. Baltimore, MD: The John Hopkins University Press. Stellman JM (1979). The effects of toxic agents on reproduction. Occupational Health and Safety 48(3):36-43.

Vaughan TL, Daling JR, et al. (1984). Fetal death and maternal occupation: an analysis of birth records in the State of Washington. Journal of Occupational Medicine 26(9):676-678.

4 5.7.4 Dermatitis

Anonymous (1970). Cleaning solutions cause skin pigment loss in hospital l employees. Journal of the American Medical Association 213(4):535, 540.

Anonymous (1984). Dermatitis among hospital workers - Oregon. Morbidity ~and Mortality Weekly Report 33(48):681-682.

Austin J (1961). Plastics--uses and problems in pharmacy and medicine. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 18:329-349.

Forstrom L (1980). Contact urticaria from latex surgical gloves. Contact Dermatitis 6(1):33-34.

Lammintausta K, Kalimo K (1981). Atopy and hand dermatitis in hospital wet work. Contact Dermatitis 7(6):301-308.

5.7.5 Stress

AMA (1980). Bibliography on the impaired physician. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, Department of Mental Health.

Bates EM, Moore EN (1975). Stress in hospital personnel. Medical Journal of Australia 2(20):765-767.

Brief AP (1976). Turnover among hospital nurses: a suggested model. Journal of Nursing Administration (8):55-58.

Colligan MJ (1980). Methodological and practical issues related to shiftwork research. Journal of Occupational Medicine 22(3):163-165.

Colligan MJ, Frockt IJ, et al. (1979). Frequency of sickness absence and worksite clinic visits among nurses as a function of shift. Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology 2(5):135-148.

Gardner ER, Hall RC (1981). The professional stress syndrome. Psychosomatics 22(8):672-680.

Griffin P. Klun CL (1980). Laboratory stress: what causes it? American Journal of Medical Technology 46(7):490-494.

Hay D, Oken D (1972). The psychological stress of intensive care unit nursing. Psychosomatic Medicine 34(2):109-118.

McCue JO (1982). The effects of stresses on physicians and their medical practice. New England Journal of Medicine 306(8):458-463.

Murphy TJ, Winget CM, et al. (1979). Fixed vs. rapid rotation shift work. Journal of Occupational Medicine 21(5):318-326.

Patrick PK (1979). Burnout: job hazard for health workers. Hospitals 53(22):87-90.

Patterson WE, Craven DE, et al. (1985). Occupational hazards to hospital personnel. Annals of Internal Medicine 102(5):658-680.

Posner BZ, Randolph WA (1980). Moderators of role stress among hospital personnel. Journal of Psychology 10~5(2):215-224. Rutenfranz J. Colquhoun UP, et al. (1977). Biomedical and psychosocial aspects of shiftwork: a review. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 3(4):165-182.

Scully R (1980). Stress in the nurse. American Journal of Nursing 80(5):912-915.

Sheridan JE, Vredsnburgh DJ (1978). Usefulness of leadership behavior and social power variables in predicting job tension, performance, and turnover of nursing employee. Journal of Applied Psychology 63(1):89-95.

Shubin S (1978). Burnout: the professional hazard you face in nursing. Nursing 8(7):22-27.

Vittetoe M, Love BE (1985). Medical technologists' attitudes toward professional and work roles. American Journal of Medical Technology 2(8):537-540.