Table B1 Estimated General Model  ,,,,
Dependent variable: D(LTRAFFIC),,,,
Estimation method: weighted least squares,,,,
"Total system (unbalanced) observations: 990
",,,,
,Coefficient,Std. error,t-statistic,P-value
D(LGDP),0.8942,0.0410,21.8117,0.0000
D(LPGAS),–0.3369,0.0157,–21.4261,0.0000
D(LTRAFFIC(–1)),0.3642,0.0160,22.6942,0.0000
D(LTOLL1),–0.0371,0.2279,–0.1626,0.8709
D(LTOLL2),–0.2754,0.2630,–1.0471,0.2954
D(LTOLL3),–0.2338,0.2631,–0.8886,0.3745
D(LTOLL4),–0.3237,0.2548,–1.2704,0.2043
D(LTOLL5),–0.1799,0.2101,–0.8565,0.3920
D(LTOLL6),–0.4766,0.1451,–3.2853,0.0011
D(LTOLL7),–0.4758,0.1274,–3.7354,0.0002
D(LTOLL8),–0.4630,0.1362,–3.3982,0.0007
D(LTOLL9),–0.2811,0.1296,–2.1689,0.0304
D(LTOLL10),–0.4903,0.1258,–3.8977,0.0001
D(LTOLL11),–0.4512,0.1157,–3.9003,0.0001
D(LTOLL12),–0.5876,0.1893,–3.1042,0.0020
D(LTOLL13),–0.3588,0.1705,–2.1048,0.0356
D(LTOLL14),–0.3555,0.2371,–1.4994,0.1341
D(LTOLL15),–0.1118,0.1281,–0.8725,0.3832
D(LTOLL16),–0.3144,0.1504,–2.0901,0.0369
D(LTOLL17),–0.0580,0.1998,–0.2902,0.7717
D(LTOLL18),–0.1894,0.1477,–1.2828,0.1999
D(LTOLL19),–0.3475,0.2299,–1.5118,0.1309
D(LTOLL20),–0.3417,0.1964,–1.7398,0.0822
D(LTOLL21),–0.4309,0.2585,–1.6672,0.0958
D(LTOLL22),–0.3609,0.4125,–0.8748,0.3819
D(LTOLL23),–0.1517,0.0422,–3.5972,0.0003
D(LTOLL24),–0.1716,0.0390,–4.4061,0.0000
D(LTOLL25),–0.1815,0.0456,–3.9764,0.0001
D(LTOLL26),–0.2204,0.0629,–3.5052,0.0005
D(LTOLL27),–0.2831,0.0827,–3.4209,0.0007
D(LTOLL28),–0.2653,0.0608,–4.3657,0.0000
D(LTOLL29),–0.3136,0.0413,–7.5963,0.0000
D(LTOLL30),–0.4182,0.0646,–6.4717,0.0000
D(LTOLL31),–0.4387,0.0534,–8.2101,0.0000
D(LTOLL32),–0.4062,0.0465,–8.7398,0.0000
D(LTOLL33),–0.3620,0.0537,–6.7361,0.0000
D(LTOLL34),–0.3915,0.0414,–9.4648,0.0000
D(LTOLL35),–0.3447,0.0342,–10.0812,0.0000
D(LTOLL36),–0.3582,0.1184,–3.0254,0.0026
D(LTOLL37),–0.3701,0.0445,–8.3134,0.0000
D(LTOLL38),–0.3904,0.0512,–7.6203,0.0000
D(LTOLL39),–0.3992,0.0489,–8.1651,0.0000
D(LTOLL40),–0.5231,0.2504,–2.0892,0.0370
D(LTOLL41),–0.4556,0.2466,–1.8476,0.0650
D(LTOLL42),–0.4489,0.1657,–2.7082,0.0069
D(LTOLL43),–0.4662,0.2451,–1.9018,0.0575
D(LTOLL44),–0.3729,0.1515,–2.4614,0.0140
D(LTOLL45),–0.4115,0.1619,–2.5420,0.0112
D(LTOLL46),–0.4045,0.2312,–1.7495,0.0806
D(LTOLL47),–0.5029,0.1554,–3.2366,0.0013
D(LTOLL48),–0.0931,0.2265,–0.4108,0.6813
D(LTOLL49),–0.2227,0.1657,–1.3439,0.1793
D(LTOLL50),–0.1935,0.0913,–2.1199,0.0343
D(LTOLL51),–0.3617,0.0650,–5.5628,0.0000
D(LTOLL52),–0.4411,0.0647,–6.8186,0.0000
D(LTOLL53),–0.8415,0.1494,–5.6340,0.0000
D(LTOLL54),–0.8140,0.1435,–5.6730,0.0000
D(LTOLL55),–0.8301,0.1714,–4.8438,0.0000
D(LTOLL56),–0.3729,0.1065,–3.5004,0.0005
D(LTOLL57),–0.3294,0.0839,–3.9255,0.0001
D(LTOLL58),–0.3569,0.1728,–2.0648,0.0392
D(LTOLL59),–0.3863,0.0936,–4.1281,0.0000
D(LTOLL60),–0.5015,0.0830,–6.0381,0.0000
D(LTOLL61),–0.5248,0.1946,–2.6970,0.0071
D(LTOLL62),–0.4816,0.1138,–4.2314,0.0000
D(LTOLL63),–0.3233,0.1335,–2.4213,0.0157
D(LTOLL64),–0.3922,0.0990,–3.9625,0.0001
D(LTOLL65),–0.4431,0.1168,–3.7933,0.0002
D(LTOLL66),–0.3706,0.1427,–2.5963,0.0096
D(LTOLL67),–0.3451,0.0534,–6.4635,0.0000
D(LTOLL68),–0.3692,0.0562,–6.5701,0.0000
D(LTOLL69),–0.4417,0.1117,–3.9532,0.0001
D(LTOLL70),–0.8108,0.2983,–2.7182,0.0067
D(LTOLL71),–0.8798,0.3854,–2.2825,0.0227
D(LTOLL72),–0.2516,0.3066,–0.8208,0.4120
D(Z1),–0.0517,0.0259,–1.9918,0.0467
D(Z2),–0.0688,0.0240,–2.8680,0.0042
D(Z3),–0.0720,0.0246,–2.9222,0.0036
D(Z4),–0.0518,0.0259,–1.9971,0.0461
D(Z5),0.1548,0.0395,3.9192,0.0001
D(Z6),0.1689,0.0363,4.6490,0.0000
D(Z7),0.1197,0.0577,2.0755,0.0382
D(Z8),–0.0687,0.0214,–3.2092,0.0014
D(Z9),–0.0621,0.0198,–3.1309,0.0018
D(Z10),–0.0689,0.0283,–2.4343,0.0151
D(Z11),–0.0428,0.0228,–1.8769,0.0609
D(Z12),–0.0554,0.0242,–2.2876,0.0224
D(Z13),0.0726,0.0248,2.9326,0.0034
D(Z14),–0.0337,0.0198,–1.7058,0.0884
D(Z15),0.0622,0.0202,3.0823,0.0021
D(Z16),–0.0365,0.0172,–2.1197,0.0343
D(Z17),0.0474,0.0175,2.7040,0.0070
D(Z18),0.0439,0.0194,2.2611,0.0240
D(Z19),0.0419,0.0155,2.7086,0.0069
D(Z20),0.0515,0.0130,3.9495,0.0001
D(Z21),0.1690,0.0440,3.8452,0.0001
D(Z22),0.0812,0.0168,4.8386,0.0000
D(Z23),0.0836,0.0209,4.0077,0.0001
D(Z24),0.1399,0.0187,7.4758,0.0000
D(Z25),–0.1377,0.0492,–2.7967,0.0053
D(Z26),0.0863,0.0178,4.8569,0.0000
D(Z27),0.0749,0.0175,4.2714,0.0000
D(Z28),0.0449,0.0206,2.1811,0.0294
Notes: All the variables are defined in first differences (D) of the logarithm (L). GDP = gross domestic product; PGAS = gasoline price; TRAFFIC = average daily traffic volume; TOLL = toll paid per km for the 72 motorway sections; D(Z1)–D(Z28) = the first differences of dummy variables to account for changes in the road network.,,,,